🔖 Release version 0.92.0

Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>

.flake8

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-[flake8]
-max-line-length = 88
-select = C,E,F,W,B,B9
-ignore = E203, E501, W503
-exclude = __init__.py

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/questions.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-name: Question or Problem
-description: Ask a question or ask about a problem
 labels: [question]
 body:
   - type: markdown
@@ -8,29 +6,29 @@ body:
         Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
 
         Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-        
-        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-        
-        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
+
+        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub is what consumes most of the time.
+
+        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling questions.
 
         All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
 
         That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
 
         By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-        
+
         And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
 
-        As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
+        As there are too many questions, I'll have to discard and close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checks
     attributes:
       label: First Check
       description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
       options:
-        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
+        - label: I added a very descriptive title here.
           required: true
-        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it.
+        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar question and didn't find it.
           required: true
         - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search.
           required: true
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
           required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic).
+        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic).
           required: true
         - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
           required: true
@@ -50,10 +48,10 @@ body:
       label: Commit to Help
       description: |
         After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-          
-          * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
+
+          * Read open questions until I find 2 where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
           * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
-          * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
+          * Review one Pull Request by downloading the code and following [all the review process](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#review-pull-requests).
 
       options:
         - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -2,3 +2,15 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
   - name: Security Contact
     about: Please report security vulnerabilities to security@tiangolo.com
+  - name: Question or Problem
+    about: Ask a question or ask about a problem in GitHub Discussions.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions
+  - name: Feature Request
+    about: To suggest an idea or ask about a feature, please start with a question saying what you would like to achieve. There might be a way to do it already.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions
+  - name: Show and tell
+    about: Show what you built with FastAPI or to be used with FastAPI.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/show-and-tell
+  - name: Translations
+    about: Coordinate translations in GitHub Discussions.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/translations

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature Request
-description: Suggest an idea or ask for a feature that you would like to have in FastAPI
-labels: [enhancement]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
-
-        Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-        
-        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-        
-        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
-
-        All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
-
-        That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
-
-        By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-        
-        And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
-
-        As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: checks
-    attributes:
-      label: First Check
-      description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
-      options:
-        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
-          required: true
-        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it.
-          required: true
-        - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already searched in Google "How to X in FastAPI" and didn't find any information.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic).
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [ReDoc](https://github.com/Redocly/redoc).
-          required: true
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: help
-    attributes:
-      label: Commit to Help
-      description: |
-        After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-          
-          * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
-          * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
-          * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
-
-      options:
-        - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆
-          required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: example
-    attributes:
-      label: Example Code
-      description: |
-        Please add a self-contained, [minimal, reproducible, example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example) with your use case.
-
-        If I (or someone) can copy it, run it, and see it right away, there's a much higher chance I (or someone) will be able to help you.
-
-      placeholder: |
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-
-        @app.get("/")
-        def read_root():
-            return {"Hello": "World"}
-      render: python
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: |
-        What is your feature request?
-
-        Write a short description telling me what you are trying to solve and what you are currently doing.
-      placeholder: |
-        * Open the browser and call the endpoint `/`.
-        * It returns a JSON with `{"Hello": "World"}`.
-        * I would like it to have an extra parameter to teleport me to the moon and back.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: wanted-solution
-    attributes:
-      label: Wanted Solution
-      description: |
-        Tell me what's the solution you would like.
-      placeholder: |
-        I would like it to have a `teleport_to_moon` parameter that defaults to `False`, and can be set to `True` to teleport me.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: wanted-code
-    attributes:
-      label: Wanted Code
-      description: Show me an example of how you would want the code to look like.
-      placeholder: |
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-
-        @app.get("/", teleport_to_moon=True)
-        def read_root():
-            return {"Hello": "World"}
-      render: python
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: alternatives
-    attributes:
-      label: Alternatives
-      description: |
-        Tell me about alternatives you've considered.
-      placeholder: |
-        To wait for Space X moon travel plans to drop down long after they release them. But I would rather teleport.
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: os
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System
-      description: What operating system are you on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Windows
-        - macOS
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-details
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System Details
-      description: You can add more details about your operating system here, in particular if you chose "Other".
-  - type: input
-    id: fastapi-version
-    attributes:
-      label: FastAPI Version
-      description: |
-        What FastAPI version are you using?
-
-        You can find the FastAPI version with:
-
-        ```bash
-        python -c "import fastapi; print(fastapi.__version__)"
-        ```
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: python-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Python Version
-      description: |
-        What Python version are you using?
-
-        You can find the Python version with:
-
-        ```bash
-        python --version
-        ```
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: context
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional Context
-      description: Add any additional context information or screenshots you think are useful.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/privileged.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Privileged
+description: You are @tiangolo or he asked you directly to create an issue here. If not, check the other options. 👇
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
+
+        If you are not @tiangolo or he didn't ask you directly to create an issue here, please start the conversation in a [Question in GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions) instead.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: privileged
+    attributes:
+      label: Privileged issue
+      description: Confirm that you are allowed to create an issue here.
+      options:
+        - label: I'm @tiangolo or he asked me directly to create an issue here.
+          required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: content
+    attributes:
+      label: Issue Content
+      description: Add the content of the issue here.

.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 import httpx
 from github import Github
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ github_api = "https://api.github.com"
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_repository: str
     github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
+    github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
     input_token: SecretStr
     input_deploy_url: str
 
@@ -42,15 +42,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     except ValidationError as e:
         logging.error(f"Error parsing event file: {e.errors()}")
         sys.exit(0)
-    use_pr: Optional[PullRequest] = None
+    use_pr: Union[PullRequest, None] = None
     for pr in repo.get_pulls():
         if pr.head.sha == event.workflow_run.head_commit.id:
             use_pr = pr
             break
     if not use_pr:
-        logging.error(
-            f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}"
-        )
+        logging.error(f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}")
         sys.exit(0)
     github_headers = {
         "Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import logging
+import random
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
-import random
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from typing import Dict, Union
 
 import yaml
 from github import Github
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_repository: str
     input_token: SecretStr
     github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
-    input_debug: Optional[bool] = False
+    github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
+    input_debug: Union[bool, None] = False
 
 
 class PartialGitHubEventIssue(BaseModel):
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
     if pr.state == "open":
         logging.debug(f"PR is open: {pr.number}")
-        label_strs = set([label.name for label in pr.get_labels()])
+        label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
         if lang_all_label in label_strs and awaiting_label in label_strs:
             logging.info(
                 f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: {pr.number}"

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml

@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@ uk: 1748
 tr: 1892
 fr: 1972
 ko: 2017
-sq: 2041
+fa: 2041
 pl: 3169
 de: 3716
 id: 3717
 az: 3994
+nl: 4701
+uz: 4883
+sv: 5146
+he: 5157
+ta: 5434
+ar: 3349

.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import sys
 from collections import Counter, defaultdict
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import Any, Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union
 
 import httpx
 import yaml
@@ -12,9 +12,53 @@ from github import Github
 from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
 
 github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
+questions_category_id = "MDE4OkRpc2N1c3Npb25DYXRlZ29yeTMyMDAxNDM0"
+
+discussions_query = """
+query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussions(first: 100, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
+      edges {
+        cursor
+        node {
+          number
+          author {
+            login
+            avatarUrl
+            url
+          }
+          title
+          createdAt
+          comments(first: 100) {
+            nodes {
+              createdAt
+              author {
+                login
+                avatarUrl
+                url
+              }
+              isAnswer
+              replies(first: 10) {
+                nodes {
+                  createdAt
+                  author {
+                    login
+                    avatarUrl
+                    url
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
 
 issues_query = """
-query Q($after: String) { 
+query Q($after: String) {
   repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
     issues(first: 100, after: $after) {
       edges {
@@ -47,7 +91,7 @@ query Q($after: String) {
 """
 
 prs_query = """
-query Q($after: String) { 
+query Q($after: String) {
   repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
     pullRequests(first: 100, after: $after) {
       edges {
@@ -131,45 +175,92 @@ class Author(BaseModel):
     url: str
 
 
+# Issues and Discussions
+
+
 class CommentsNode(BaseModel):
     createdAt: datetime
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
+
+
+class Replies(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[CommentsNode]
+
+
+class DiscussionsCommentsNode(CommentsNode):
+    replies: Replies
 
 
 class Comments(BaseModel):
     nodes: List[CommentsNode]
 
 
+class DiscussionsComments(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[DiscussionsCommentsNode]
+
+
 class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
     number: int
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
     title: str
     createdAt: datetime
     state: str
     comments: Comments
 
 
+class DiscussionsNode(BaseModel):
+    number: int
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
+    title: str
+    createdAt: datetime
+    comments: DiscussionsComments
+
+
 class IssuesEdge(BaseModel):
     cursor: str
     node: IssuesNode
 
 
+class DiscussionsEdge(BaseModel):
+    cursor: str
+    node: DiscussionsNode
+
+
 class Issues(BaseModel):
     edges: List[IssuesEdge]
 
 
+class Discussions(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[DiscussionsEdge]
+
+
 class IssuesRepository(BaseModel):
     issues: Issues
 
 
+class DiscussionsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussions: Discussions
+
+
 class IssuesResponseData(BaseModel):
     repository: IssuesRepository
 
 
+class DiscussionsResponseData(BaseModel):
+    repository: DiscussionsRepository
+
+
 class IssuesResponse(BaseModel):
     data: IssuesResponseData
 
 
+class DiscussionsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: DiscussionsResponseData
+
+
+# PRs
+
+
 class LabelNode(BaseModel):
     name: str
 
@@ -179,7 +270,7 @@ class Labels(BaseModel):
 
 
 class ReviewNode(BaseModel):
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
     state: str
 
 
@@ -190,7 +281,7 @@ class Reviews(BaseModel):
 class PullRequestNode(BaseModel):
     number: int
     labels: Labels
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
     title: str
     createdAt: datetime
     state: str
@@ -219,6 +310,9 @@ class PRsResponse(BaseModel):
     data: PRsResponseData
 
 
+# Sponsors
+
+
 class SponsorEntity(BaseModel):
     login: str
     avatarUrl: str
@@ -260,45 +354,70 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     input_token: SecretStr
     input_standard_token: SecretStr
     github_repository: str
+    httpx_timeout: int = 30
 
 
 def get_graphql_response(
-    *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Optional[str] = None
-):
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    query: str,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+    category_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
-    variables = {"after": after}
+    # category_id is only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so
+    # keep it here for simplicity
+    variables = {"after": after, "category_id": category_id}
     response = httpx.post(
         github_graphql_url,
         headers=headers,
+        timeout=settings.httpx_timeout,
         json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
     )
-    if not response.status_code == 200:
-        logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}")
+    if response.status_code != 200:
+        logging.error(
+            f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}"
+        )
         logging.error(response.text)
         raise RuntimeError(response.text)
     data = response.json()
     return data
 
 
-def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=issues_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = IssuesResponse.parse_obj(data)
     return graphql_response.data.repository.issues.edges
 
 
-def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+def get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=discussions_query,
+        after=after,
+        category_id=questions_category_id,
+    )
+    graphql_response = DiscussionsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.edges
+
+
+def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=prs_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = PRsResponse.parse_obj(data)
     return graphql_response.data.repository.pullRequests.edges
 
 
-def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=sponsors_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = SponsorsResponse.parse_obj(data)
     return graphql_response.data.user.sponsorshipsAsMaintainer.edges
 
 
-def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+def get_issues_experts(settings: Settings):
     issue_nodes: List[IssuesNode] = []
     issue_edges = get_graphql_issue_edges(settings=settings)
 
@@ -324,13 +443,74 @@ def get_experts(settings: Settings):
         for comment in issue.comments.nodes:
             if comment.author:
                 authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
-                if comment.author.login == issue_author_name:
-                    continue
-                issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+                if comment.author.login != issue_author_name:
+                    issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
         for author_name in issue_commentors:
             commentors[author_name] += 1
             if issue.createdAt > one_month_ago:
                 last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_discussions_experts(settings: Settings):
+    discussion_nodes: List[DiscussionsNode] = []
+    discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(settings=settings)
+
+    while discussion_edges:
+        for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
+            discussion_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
+        last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
+        discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
+            settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor
+        )
+
+    commentors = Counter()
+    last_month_commentors = Counter()
+    authors: Dict[str, Author] = {}
+
+    now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+    one_month_ago = now - timedelta(days=30)
+
+    for discussion in discussion_nodes:
+        discussion_author_name = None
+        if discussion.author:
+            authors[discussion.author.login] = discussion.author
+            discussion_author_name = discussion.author.login
+        discussion_commentors = set()
+        for comment in discussion.comments.nodes:
+            if comment.author:
+                authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
+                if comment.author.login != discussion_author_name:
+                    discussion_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+            for reply in comment.replies.nodes:
+                if reply.author:
+                    authors[reply.author.login] = reply.author
+                    if reply.author.login != discussion_author_name:
+                        discussion_commentors.add(reply.author.login)
+        for author_name in discussion_commentors:
+            commentors[author_name] += 1
+            if discussion.createdAt > one_month_ago:
+                last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+    (
+        issues_commentors,
+        issues_last_month_commentors,
+        issues_authors,
+    ) = get_issues_experts(settings=settings)
+    (
+        discussions_commentors,
+        discussions_last_month_commentors,
+        discussions_authors,
+    ) = get_discussions_experts(settings=settings)
+    commentors = issues_commentors + discussions_commentors
+    last_month_commentors = (
+        issues_last_month_commentors + discussions_last_month_commentors
+    )
+    authors = {**issues_authors, **discussions_authors}
     return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
 
 
@@ -423,22 +603,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}")
     g = Github(settings.input_standard_token.get_secret_value())
     repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)
-    issue_commentors, issue_last_month_commentors, issue_authors = get_experts(
+    question_commentors, question_last_month_commentors, question_authors = get_experts(
         settings=settings
     )
     contributors, pr_commentors, reviewers, pr_authors = get_contributors(
         settings=settings
     )
-    authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors}
+    authors = {**question_authors, **pr_authors}
     maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"}
-    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"}
+    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions", "pre-commit-ci", "dependabot"}
     maintainers = []
     for login in maintainers_logins:
         user = authors[login]
         maintainers.append(
             {
                 "login": login,
-                "answers": issue_commentors[login],
+                "answers": question_commentors[login],
                 "prs": contributors[login],
                 "avatarUrl": user.avatarUrl,
                 "url": user.url,
@@ -451,13 +631,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     min_count_reviewer = 4
     skip_users = maintainers_logins | bot_names
     experts = get_top_users(
-        counter=issue_commentors,
+        counter=question_commentors,
         min_count=min_count_expert,
         authors=authors,
         skip_users=skip_users,
     )
     last_month_active = get_top_users(
-        counter=issue_last_month_commentors,
+        counter=question_last_month_commentors,
         min_count=min_count_last_month,
         authors=authors,
         skip_users=skip_users,
@@ -501,9 +681,16 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     github_sponsors_path = Path("./docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml")
     people_old_content = people_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     github_sponsors_old_content = github_sponsors_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    new_people_content = yaml.dump(people, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True)
-    new_github_sponsors_content = yaml.dump(github_sponsors, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True)
-    if people_old_content == new_people_content and github_sponsors_old_content == new_github_sponsors_content:
+    new_people_content = yaml.dump(
+        people, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True
+    )
+    new_github_sponsors_content = yaml.dump(
+        github_sponsors, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True
+    )
+    if (
+        people_old_content == new_people_content
+        and github_sponsors_old_content == new_github_sponsors_content
+    ):
         logging.info("The FastAPI People data hasn't changed, finishing.")
         sys.exit(0)
     people_path.write_text(new_people_content, encoding="utf-8")
@@ -517,7 +704,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     logging.info(f"Creating a new branch {branch_name}")
     subprocess.run(["git", "checkout", "-b", branch_name], check=True)
     logging.info("Adding updated file")
-    subprocess.run(["git", "add", str(people_path)], check=True)
+    subprocess.run(
+        ["git", "add", str(people_path), str(github_sponsors_path)], check=True
+    )
     logging.info("Committing updated file")
     message = "👥 Update FastAPI People"
     result = subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", message], check=True)

.github/actions/watch-previews/app/main.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import List, Union
 
 import httpx
 from github import Github
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     input_token: SecretStr
     github_repository: str
     github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
+    github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
 
 
 class Artifact(BaseModel):
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         logging.info(f"Docs preview was notified: {notified}")
         if not notified:
             artifact_name = f"docs-zip-{commit}"
-            use_artifact: Optional[Artifact] = None
+            use_artifact: Union[Artifact, None] = None
             for artifact in artifacts_response.artifacts:
                 if artifact.name == artifact_name:
                     use_artifact = artifact

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  # GitHub Actions
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: ⬆
+  # Python
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: ⬆

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -1,45 +1,44 @@
 name: Build Docs
 on:
   push:
+    branches:
+      - master
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize]
 jobs:
   build-docs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Dump GitHub context
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
         run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: "3.7"
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+          python-version: "3.11"
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs
-      - name: Install Flit
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03
       - name: Install docs extras
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc
+        run: pip install .[doc]
       - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
-        if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
       - name: Build Docs
-        run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all
+        run: python ./scripts/docs.py build-all
       - name: Zip docs
         run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: docs-zip
-          path: ./docs.zip
+          path: ./site/docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-branch: master

.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ on:
         description: PR number
         required: true
       debug_enabled:
-        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'     
+        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
         required: false
         default: false
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
   latest-changes:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           # To allow latest-changes to commit to master
           token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
   notify-translations:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # Allow debugging with tmate
       - name: Setup tmate session
         uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3

.github/workflows/people.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       debug_enabled:
-        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'     
+        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
         required: false
         default: false
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   fastapi-people:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # Allow debugging with tmate
       - name: Setup tmate session
         uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3

.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml

@@ -3,29 +3,34 @@ on:
   workflow_run:
     workflows:
       - Build Docs
-    types: 
+    types:
       - completed
 
 jobs:
   preview-docs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Clean site
+        run: |
+          rm -rf ./site
+          mkdir ./site
       - name: Download Artifact Docs
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.9.0
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.24.3
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           workflow: build-docs.yml
           run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
           name: docs-zip
+          path: ./site/
       - name: Unzip docs
         run: |
-          rm -rf ./site
+          cd ./site
           unzip docs.zip
           rm -f docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
         id: netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-deploy: false

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -13,27 +13,27 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
         run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: "3.6"
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+          python-version: "3.7"
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish
-      - name: Install Flit
+      - name: Install build dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: pip install flit
-      - name: Install Dependencies
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: flit install --symlink
+        run: pip install build
+      - name: Build distribution
+        run: python -m build
       - name: Publish
-        env:
-          FLIT_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.FLIT_USERNAME }}
-          FLIT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.FLIT_PASSWORD }}
-        run: bash scripts/publish.sh
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.6.4
+        with:
+          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
       - name: Dump GitHub context
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}

.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Smokeshow
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [Test]
+    types: [completed]
+
+permissions:
+  statuses: write
+
+jobs:
+  smokeshow:
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.9'
+
+      - run: pip install smokeshow
+
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.24.3
+        with:
+          workflow: test.yml
+          commit: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+
+      - run: smokeshow upload coverage-html
+        env:
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_STATUS_DESCRIPTION: Coverage {coverage-percentage}
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD: 100
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_CONTEXT: coverage
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+          SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -12,30 +12,82 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: [3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test
-      - name: Install Flit
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: pip install flit
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v03
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: flit install --symlink
+        run: pip install -e .[all,dev,doc,test]
       - name: Lint
-        if: ${{ matrix.python-version != '3.6' }}
         run: bash scripts/lint.sh
+      - run: mkdir coverage
       - name: Test
         run: bash scripts/test.sh
-      - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+        env:
+          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Store coverage files
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage
+  coverage-combine:
+    needs: [test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.8'
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+
+      - name: Get coverage files
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage
+
+      - run: pip install coverage[toml]
+
+      - run: ls -la coverage
+      - run: coverage combine coverage
+      - run: coverage report
+      - run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}"
+
+      - name: Store coverage HTML
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage-html
+          path: htmlcov
+
+  # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why
+  check:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection
+
+    if: always()
+
+    needs:
+      - coverage-combine
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# See https://pre-commit.com for more information
+# See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+default_language_version:
+    python: python3.10
+repos:
+-   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.3.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: check-added-large-files
+    -   id: check-toml
+    -   id: check-yaml
+        args:
+        -   --unsafe
+    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
+    -   id: trailing-whitespace
+-   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v3.2.2
+    hooks:
+    -   id: pyupgrade
+        args:
+        - --py3-plus
+        - --keep-runtime-typing
+-   repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.0.138
+    hooks:
+    -   id: ruff
+        args:
+        - --fix
+-   repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
+    rev: 5.12.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: isort
+        name: isort (python)
+    -   id: isort
+        name: isort (cython)
+        types: [cython]
+    -   id: isort
+        name: isort (pyi)
+        types: [pyi]
+-   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+    rev: 22.10.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: black
+ci:
+    autofix_commit_msg: 🎨 [pre-commit.ci] Auto format from pre-commit.com hooks
+    autoupdate_commit_msg: ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

README.md

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
 </a>
-<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
 </a>
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@
 
 ---
 
-FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints.
 
 The key features are:
 
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
-
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
 * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@@ -47,13 +46,17 @@ The key features are:
 
 <!-- sponsors -->
 
-<a href="https://bit.ly/2QSouzH" target="_blank" title="Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S" target="_blank" title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C" target="_blank" title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
-<a href="https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI" target="_blank" title="We help you master vim with interactive exercises"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png"></a>
-<a href="https://talkpython.fm/fastapi-sponsor" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
+<a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
 <a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" target="_blank" title="Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/" target="_blank" title="Build powerful search from composable, open source building blocks"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/haystack-fastapi.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.udemy.com/course/fastapi-rest/" target="_blank" title="Learn FastAPI by building a complete project. Extend your knowledge on advanced web development-AWS, Payments, Emails."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg"></a>
+<a href="https://careers.powens.com/" target="_blank" title="Powens is hiring!"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
 
 <!-- /sponsors -->
 
@@ -99,6 +102,12 @@ The key features are:
 
 ---
 
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
 ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
 
 <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
@@ -109,7 +118,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
 
 ## Requirements
 
-Python 3.6+
+Python 3.7+
 
 FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
@@ -128,7 +137,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -147,7 +156,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
 * Create a file `main.py` with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -160,7 +169,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -170,7 +179,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
 If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -183,7 +192,7 @@ async def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -262,7 +271,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -273,7 +282,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
 class Item(BaseModel):
     name: str
     price: float
-    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
 
 
 @app.get("/")
@@ -282,7 +291,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 
 
@@ -325,7 +334,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types.
 
 You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
 
-Just standard **Python 3.6+**.
+Just standard **Python 3.7+**.
 
 For example, for an `int`:
 
@@ -424,7 +433,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -444,7 +453,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

SECURITY.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇
 
 ## Versions
 
-The latest versions of FastAPI are supported.
+The latest version of FastAPI is supported.
 
 You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**.
 

docs/az/docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+
+{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!}
+
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com</a>
+
+**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>
+
+---
+
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
+
+The key features are:
+
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
+
+* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
+* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+
+<small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
+
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor -%}
+{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
+## Opinions
+
+"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_"
+
+"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
+
+<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
+
+If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Typer**</a>.
+
+**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
+
+## Requirements
+
+Python 3.7+
+
+FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
+
+* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> for the web parts.
+* <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> for the data parts.
+
+## Installation
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install fastapi
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Example
+
+### Create it
+
+* Create a file `main.py` with:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
+
+If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9  14"
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+**Note**:
+
+If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.
+
+</details>
+
+### Run it
+
+Run the server with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uvicorn main:app --reload
+
+INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+INFO:     Started reloader process [28720]
+INFO:     Started server process [28722]
+INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
+INFO:     Application startup complete.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
+
+The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
+
+* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
+* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+
+</details>
+
+### Check it
+
+Open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery</a>.
+
+You will see the JSON response as:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+You already created an API that:
+
+* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
+* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
+
+### Interactive API docs
+
+Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs
+
+And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Example upgrade
+
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
+
+Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
+
+```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+
+### Interactive API docs upgrade
+
+Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
+
+* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
+
+* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs upgrade
+
+And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
+
+* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
+
+### Recap
+
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
+
+You do that with standard modern Python types.
+
+You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
+
+Just standard **Python 3.6+**.
+
+For example, for an `int`:
+
+```Python
+item_id: int
+```
+
+or for a more complex `Item` model:
+
+```Python
+item: Item
+```
+
+...and with that single declaration you get:
+
+* Editor support, including:
+    * Completion.
+    * Type checks.
+* Validation of data:
+    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
+    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
+    * JSON.
+    * Path parameters.
+    * Query parameters.
+    * Cookies.
+    * Headers.
+    * Forms.
+    * Files.
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
+    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
+    * `datetime` objects.
+    * `UUID` objects.
+    * Database models.
+    * ...and many more.
+* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
+    * Swagger UI.
+    * ReDoc.
+
+---
+
+Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
+
+* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
+* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
+    * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
+    * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
+    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
+    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
+    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
+* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
+
+---
+
+We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
+
+Try changing the line with:
+
+```Python
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+...from:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_name": item.name ...
+```
+
+...to:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_price": item.price ...
+```
+
+...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
+
+For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
+
+**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
+
+* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
+* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
+* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
+* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
+* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
+    * **WebSockets**
+    * **GraphQL**
+    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * **CORS**
+    * **Cookie Sessions**
+    * ...and more.
+
+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" class="internal-link" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.
+
+## Optional Dependencies
+
+Used by Pydantic:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - for faster JSON <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation.
+
+Used by Starlette:
+
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
+* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
+* <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
+* <a href="https://graphene-python.org/" target="_blank"><code>graphene</code></a> - Required for `GraphQLApp` support.
+* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
+
+Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
+
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
+
+You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.

docs/az/mkdocs.yml

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
   name: material
   custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-  - scheme: default
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)'
+    scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
       icon: material/lightbulb
       name: Switch to light mode
-  - scheme: slate
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+    scheme: slate
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
@@ -29,9 +31,6 @@ theme:
 repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi
 repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
 edit_uri: ''
-google_analytics:
-- UA-133183413-1
-- auto
 plugins:
 - search
 - markdownextradata:
@@ -43,15 +42,19 @@ nav:
   - az: /az/
   - de: /de/
   - es: /es/
+  - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
+  - he: /he/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
   - ko: /ko/
+  - nl: /nl/
   - pl: /pl/
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
+  - sv: /sv/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -70,8 +73,14 @@ markdown_extensions:
     - name: mermaid
       class: mermaid
       format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
-- pymdownx.tabbed
+- pymdownx.tabbed:
+    alternate_style: true
+- attr_list
+- md_in_html
 extra:
+  analytics:
+    provider: google
+    property: UA-133183413-1
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -96,8 +105,12 @@ extra:
     name: de
   - link: /es/
     name: es - español
+  - link: /fa/
+    name: fa
   - link: /fr/
     name: fr - français
+  - link: /he/
+    name: he
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -106,6 +119,8 @@ extra:
     name: ja - 日本語
   - link: /ko/
     name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /nl/
+    name: nl
   - link: /pl/
     name: pl
   - link: /pt/
@@ -114,6 +129,8 @@ extra:
     name: ru - русский язык
   - link: /sq/
     name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /sv/
+    name: sv - svenska
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/de/docs/features.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 ### Automatische Dokumentation
 
-Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen. Da FastAPI auf OpenAPI basiert, gibt es hierzu mehrere Optionen, wobei zwei standartmäßig vorhanden sind.
+Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen. Da FastAPI auf OpenAPI basiert, gibt es hierzu mehrere Optionen, wobei zwei standardmäßig vorhanden sind.
 
 * <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Swagger UI</strong></a>, bietet interaktive Exploration: testen und rufen Sie ihre API direkt vom Webbrowser auf.
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzers
 
 Alles basiert auf **Python 3.6 Typ**-Deklarationen (dank Pydantic). Es muss keine neue Syntax gelernt werden, nur standardisiertes modernes Python.
 
- 
+
 
 Wenn Sie eine kurze, zweiminütige, Auffrischung in der Benutzung von Python Typ-Deklarationen benötigen (auch wenn Sie FastAPI nicht nutzen), schauen Sie sich diese kurze Einführung an (Englisch): Python Types{.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar
 
 ### Kompakt
 
-FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brachen.
+FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen.
 
-Aber standartmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
+Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
 
 ### Validierung
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Aber standartmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
     * Zeichenketten (`str`), mit definierter minimaler und maximaler Länge.
     * Zahlen (`int`, `float`) mit minimaler und maximaler Größe, usw.
 
-* Validierung für ungewögnliche Typen, wie:
+* Validierung für ungewöhnliche Typen, wie:
     * URL.
     * Email.
     * UUID.
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ Die gesamte Validierung übernimmt das etablierte und robuste **Pydantic**.
 
 ### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung
 
-Sicherheit und Authentifizierung integriert. Ohne einen Kompromiss aufgrund einer Datenbank oder den Datenentitäten.
+Integrierte Sicherheit und Authentifizierung. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen.
 
-Unterstützt alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören:
+Unterstützt werden alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören:
 
 * HTTP Basis Authentifizierung.
 * **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges <abbr title='oft v
 * **Automatische Umsetzung** durch FastAPI.
 * Alle abhängigen Komponenten könnten Daten von Anfragen, **Erweiterungen der Pfadoperations-**Einschränkungen und der automatisierten Dokumentation benötigen.
 * **Automatische Validierung** selbst für *Pfadoperationen*-Parameter, die in den Abhängigkeiten definiert wurden.
-* Unterstütz komplexe Benutzerauthentifizierungssysteme, mit **Datenbankverbindungen**, usw.
+* Unterstützt komplexe Benutzerauthentifizierungssysteme, **Datenbankverbindungen**, usw.
 * **Keine Kompromisse** bei Datenbanken, Eingabemasken, usw. Sondern einfache Integration von allen.
 
 ### Unbegrenzte Erweiterungen
@@ -159,17 +159,17 @@ Jede Integration wurde so entworfen, dass sie einfach zu nutzen ist (mit Abhäng
 
 ## Starlette's Merkmale
 
-**FastAPI** ist vollkommen kompatibel (und basiert auf) <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Starlette</strong></a>. Das bedeutet, auch ihr eigner Starlett Quellcode funktioniert.
+**FastAPI** ist vollkommen kompatibel (und basiert auf) <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Starlette</strong></a>. Das bedeutet, auch ihr eigener Starlette Quellcode funktioniert.
 
-`FastAPI` ist eigentlich eine Unterklasse von `Starlette`. Wenn sie also bereits Starlette kennen oder benutzen, können Sie das meiste Ihres Wissen direkt anwenden.
+`FastAPI` ist eigentlich eine Unterklasse von `Starlette`. Wenn Sie also bereits Starlette kennen oder benutzen, können Sie das meiste Ihres Wissens direkt anwenden.
 
 Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nur Starlette auf Steroiden ist):
 
-* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">eines der schnellsten Python frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**</a>.
+* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">eines der schnellsten Python Frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**</a>.
 * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung.
 * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess.
 * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren.
-* Testclient basierend auf `requests`.
+* Testclient basierend auf HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, statische Dateien, Antwortfluss.
 * **Sitzungs und Cookie** Unterstützung.
 * 100% Testabdeckung.
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d
 * Gutes Zusammenspiel mit Ihrer/Ihrem **<abbr title="Integrierten Entwicklungsumgebung, ähnlich zu (Quellcode-)Editor">IDE</abbr>/<abbr title="Ein Programm, was Fehler im Quellcode sucht">linter</abbr>/Gehirn**:
     * Weil Datenstrukturen von Pydantic einfach nur Instanzen ihrer definierten Klassen sind, sollten Autovervollständigung, Linting, mypy und ihre Intuition einwandfrei funktionieren.
 * **Schnell**:
-    * In <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#benchmarks-tag" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vergleichen</a> ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
+    * In <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/benchmarks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vergleichen</a> ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
 * Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**:
     * Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc.
-    * Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema.
+    * Validierungen erlauben eine klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema.
     * Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert.
 * **Erweiterbar**:
-    * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern..
+    * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.
 * 100% Testabdeckung.

docs/de/docs/index.md

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
 
 ## Requirements
 
-Python 3.6+
+Python 3.7+
 
 FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.u
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
+$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 * Create a file `main.py` with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
 If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
 class Item(BaseModel):
     name: str
     price: float
-    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
 
 
 @app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 
 
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" targe
 
 ### Recap
 
-In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. 
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
 
 You do that with standard modern Python types.
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
     * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
     * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
 * For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
-    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. 
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
     * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
     * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
     * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
@@ -445,8 +445,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/de/mkdocs.yml

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
   name: material
   custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-  - scheme: default
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)'
+    scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
       icon: material/lightbulb
       name: Switch to light mode
-  - scheme: slate
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+    scheme: slate
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
@@ -29,9 +31,6 @@ theme:
 repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi
 repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
 edit_uri: ''
-google_analytics:
-- UA-133183413-1
-- auto
 plugins:
 - search
 - markdownextradata:
@@ -43,15 +42,19 @@ nav:
   - az: /az/
   - de: /de/
   - es: /es/
+  - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
+  - he: /he/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
   - ko: /ko/
+  - nl: /nl/
   - pl: /pl/
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
+  - sv: /sv/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -71,8 +74,14 @@ markdown_extensions:
     - name: mermaid
       class: mermaid
       format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
-- pymdownx.tabbed
+- pymdownx.tabbed:
+    alternate_style: true
+- attr_list
+- md_in_html
 extra:
+  analytics:
+    provider: google
+    property: UA-133183413-1
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -97,8 +106,12 @@ extra:
     name: de
   - link: /es/
     name: es - español
+  - link: /fa/
+    name: fa
   - link: /fr/
     name: fr - français
+  - link: /he/
+    name: he
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -107,6 +120,8 @@ extra:
     name: ja - 日本語
   - link: /ko/
     name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /nl/
+    name: nl
   - link: /pl/
     name: pl
   - link: /pt/
@@ -115,6 +130,8 @@ extra:
     name: ru - русский язык
   - link: /sq/
     name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /sv/
+    name: sv - svenska
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,33 @@
 articles:
   english:
+  - author: Raf Rasenberg
+    author_link: https://rafrasenberg.com/about/
+    link: https://rafrasenberg.com/fastapi-lambda/
+    title: 'FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified'
+  - author: Teresa N. Fontanella De Santis
+    author_link: https://dev.to/
+    link: https://dev.to/teresafds/authorization-on-fastapi-with-casbin-41og
+    title: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin
+  - author: WayScript
+    author_link: https://www.wayscript.com
+    link: https://blog.wayscript.com/fast-api-quickstart/
+    title: Quickstart Guide to Build and Host Responsive APIs with Fast API and WayScript
+  - author: New Relic
+    author_link: https://newrelic.com
+    link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468
+    title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent
+  - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher
+    author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher
+    link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app
+    title: Building the Poll App From Django Tutorial With FastAPI And React
+  - author: Silvan Melchior
+    author_link: https://github.com/silvanmelchior
+    link: https://blog.devgenius.io/seamless-fastapi-configuration-with-confz-90949c14ea12
+    title: Seamless FastAPI Configuration with ConfZ
+  - author: Kaustubh Gupta
+    author_link: https://medium.com/@kaustubhgupta1828/
+    link: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/5-advance-features-of-fastapi-you-should-try-7c0ac7eebb3e
+    title: 5 Advanced Features of FastAPI You Should Try
   - author: Kaustubh Gupta
     author_link: https://medium.com/@kaustubhgupta1828/
     link: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/06/deploying-ml-models-as-api-using-fastapi-and-heroku/
@@ -12,6 +40,10 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://pystar.substack.com/
     link: https://pystar.substack.com/p/how-to-create-a-fake-certificate
     title: How to Create A Fake Certificate Authority And Generate TLS Certs for FastAPI
+  - author: Ben Gamble
+    author_link: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/bengamble7
+    link: https://ably.com/blog/realtime-ticket-booking-solution-kafka-fastapi-ably
+    title: Building a realtime ticket booking solution with Kafka, FastAPI, and Ably
   - author: Shahriyar(Shako) Rzayev
     author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shahriyar-rzayev/
     link: https://www.azepug.az/posts/fastapi/#building-simple-e-commerce-with-nuxtjs-and-fastapi-series
@@ -20,6 +52,10 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://rodrigo-arenas.medium.com/
     link: https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/serve-a-machine-learning-model-using-sklearn-fastapi-and-docker-85aabf96729b
     title: "Serve a machine learning model using Sklearn, FastAPI and Docker"
+  - author: Yashasvi Singh
+    author_link: https://hashnode.com/@aUnicornDev
+    link: https://aunicorndev.hashnode.dev/series/supafast-api
+    title: "Building an API with FastAPI and Supabase and Deploying on Deta"
   - author: Navule Pavan Kumar Rao
     author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/navule/
     link: https://www.tutlinks.com/deploy-fastapi-on-ubuntu-gunicorn-caddy-2/
@@ -27,7 +63,7 @@ articles:
   - author: Patrick Ladon
     author_link: https://dev.to/factorlive
     link: https://dev.to/factorlive/python-facebook-messenger-webhook-with-fastapi-on-glitch-4n90
-    title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch  
+    title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch
   - author: Dom Patmore
     author_link: https://twitter.com/dompatmore
     link: https://dompatmore.com/blog/authenticate-your-fastapi-app-with-auth0
@@ -188,11 +224,23 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes
     link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes/fastapi-starlette-debug-vs-prod-5f7561db3a59
     title: FastAPI/Starlette debug vs prod
+  - author: Mukul Mantosh
+    author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul
+    link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/
+    title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS
+  - author: KrishNa
+    author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365
+    link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92
+    title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres
   german:
   - author: Nico Axtmann
     author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax
     link: https://blog.codecentric.de/2019/08/inbetriebnahme-eines-scikit-learn-modells-mit-onnx-und-fastapi/
     title: Inbetriebnahme eines scikit-learn-Modells mit ONNX und FastAPI
+  - author: Felix Schürmeyer
+    author_link: https://hellocoding.de/autor/felix-schuermeyer/
+    link: https://hellocoding.de/blog/coding-language/python/fastapi
+    title: REST-API Programmieren mittels Python und dem FastAPI Modul
   japanese:
   - author: '@bee2'
     author_link: https://qiita.com/bee2
@@ -260,6 +308,11 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://fullstackstation.com/author/figonking/
     link: https://fullstackstation.com/fastapi-trien-khai-bang-docker/
     title: 'FASTAPI: TRIỂN KHAI BẰNG DOCKER'
+  taiwanese:
+  - author: Leon
+    author_link: http://editor.leonh.space/
+    link: https://editor.leonh.space/2022/tortoise/
+    title: 'Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記'
 podcasts:
   english:
   - author: Podcast.`__init__`

docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml

@@ -2,57 +2,129 @@ sponsors:
 - - login: jina-ai
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60539444?v=4
     url: https://github.com/jina-ai
+- - login: cryptapi
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/cryptapi
+- - login: nihpo
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1841030?u=0264956d7580f7e46687a762a7baa629f84cf97c&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/nihpo
+  - login: ObliviousAI
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65656077?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/ObliviousAI
+  - login: chaserowbotham
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/97751084?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/chaserowbotham
 - - login: mikeckennedy
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2035561?v=4
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2035561?u=1bb18268bcd4d9249e1f783a063c27df9a84c05b&v=4
     url: https://github.com/mikeckennedy
-  - login: RodneyU215
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+    url: https://github.com/junah201

docs/en/data/people.yml

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-  prs: 260
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-- login: ghandic
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-- login: RunningIkkyu
-  count: 12
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=706e1ee3f248245f2d68b976d149d06fd5a2010d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu
 - login: sh0nk
-  count: 12
+  count: 13
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6478810?u=af15d724875cec682ed8088a86d36b2798f981c0&v=4
   url: https://github.com/sh0nk
+- login: RunningIkkyu
+  count: 12
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=494ecc298e3f26197495bb357ad0f57cfd5f7a32&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu
+- login: Ryandaydev
+  count: 12
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4292423?u=809f3d1074d04bbc28012a7f17f06ea56f5bd71a&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Ryandaydev
+- login: solomein-sv
+  count: 11
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46193920?u=46acfb4aeefb1d7b9fdc5a8cbd9eb8744683c47a&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/solomein-sv
+- login: Xewus
+  count: 11
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/85196001?u=4bdd4a0300530a504987db27488ba79c37f2fb18&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Xewus
 - login: mariacamilagl
   count: 10
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11489395?u=4adb6986bf3debfc2b8216ae701f2bd47d73da7d&v=4
@@ -372,107 +484,55 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 10
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7887703?v=4
   url: https://github.com/maoyibo
+- login: ComicShrimp
+  count: 10
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=f440bc9062afb3c43b9b9c6cdfdcfe31d58699ef&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
+- login: peidrao
+  count: 10
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32584628?u=5401640e0b961cc199dee39ec79e162c7833cd6b&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/peidrao
+- login: izaguerreiro
+  count: 9
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2241504?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/izaguerreiro
+- login: graingert
+  count: 9
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?u=64b77b6aa405c68a9c6bcf45f84257c66eea5f32&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/graingert
 - login: PandaHun
   count: 9
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13096845?u=646eba44db720e37d0dbe8e98e77ab534ea78a20&v=4
   url: https://github.com/PandaHun
+- login: kty4119
+  count: 9
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49435654?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/kty4119
 - login: bezaca
   count: 9
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/69092910?u=4ac58eab99bd37d663f3d23551df96d4fbdbf760&v=4
   url: https://github.com/bezaca
+- login: dimaqq
+  count: 9
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/662249?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/dimaqq
+- login: raphaelauv
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/raphaelauv
+- login: axel584
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1334088?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/axel584
 - login: blt232018
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43393471?u=172b0e0391db1aa6c1706498d6dfcb003c8a4857&v=4
   url: https://github.com/blt232018
-- login: Serrones
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Serrones
-- login: ryuckel
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36391432?u=094eec0cfddd5013f76f31e55e56147d78b19553&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/ryuckel
-- login: raphaelauv
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/raphaelauv
-- login: graingert
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/graingert
-- login: NastasiaSaby
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8245071?u=b3afd005f9e4bf080c219ef61a592b3a8004b764&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/NastasiaSaby
-- login: Mause
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1405026?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Mause
-- login: solomein-sv
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46193920?u=46acfb4aeefb1d7b9fdc5a8cbd9eb8744683c47a&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/solomein-sv
-- login: ComicShrimp
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
-- login: jovicon
-  count: 6
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21287303?u=b049eac3e51a4c0473c2efe66b4d28a7d8f2b572&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/jovicon
-- login: BilalAlpaslan
-  count: 6
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47563997?u=63ed66e304fe8d765762c70587d61d9196e5c82d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan
-- login: nimctl
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49960770?u=e39b11d47188744ee07b2a1c7ce1a1bdf3c80760&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/nimctl
-- login: juntatalor
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8134632?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/juntatalor
-- login: SnkSynthesis
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63564282?u=0078826509dbecb2fdb543f4e881c9cd06157893&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/SnkSynthesis
-- login: anthonycepeda
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/72019805?u=892f700c79f9732211bd5221bf16eec32356a732&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/anthonycepeda
-- login: oandersonmagalhaes
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/83456692?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/oandersonmagalhaes
-- login: euri10
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1104190?u=321a2e953e6645a7d09b732786c7a8061e0f8a8b&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/euri10
-- login: rkbeatss
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23391143?u=56ab6bff50be950fa8cae5cf736f2ae66e319ff3&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/rkbeatss
-- login: izaguerreiro
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2241504?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/izaguerreiro
-- login: aviramha
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41201924?u=6883cc4fc13a7b2e60d4deddd4be06f9c5287880&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/aviramha
-- login: Cajuteq
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26676532?u=8ee0422981810e51480855de1c0d67b6b79cd3f2&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Cajuteq
-- login: Zxilly
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31370133?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Zxilly
-- login: dukkee
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36825394?u=ccfd86e6a4f2d093dad6f7544cc875af67fa2df8&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/dukkee
-- login: Bluenix2
-  count: 4
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38372706?u=c9d28aff15958d6ebf1971148bfb3154ff943c4f&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Bluenix2
+- login: rogerbrinkmann
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5690226?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/rogerbrinkmann
+- login: NinaHwang
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/NinaHwang

docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 gold:
-  - url: https://bit.ly/2QSouzH
-    title: "Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes."
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg
+  - url: https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S
+    title: The data structure for unstructured multimodal data
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg
+  - url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C
+    title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg
+  - url: https://cryptapi.io/
+    title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
 silver:
   - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
     title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
@@ -9,10 +15,7 @@ silver:
   - url: https://www.investsuite.com/jobs
     title: Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg
-  - url: https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI
-    title: We help you master vim with interactive exercises
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png
-  - url: https://talkpython.fm/fastapi-sponsor
+  - url: https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses
     title: FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png
   - url: https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/
@@ -21,7 +24,19 @@ silver:
   - url: https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/
     title: Build powerful search from composable, open source building blocks
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/haystack-fastapi.svg
+  - url: https://www.udemy.com/course/fastapi-rest/
+    title: Learn FastAPI by building a complete project. Extend your knowledge on advanced web development-AWS, Payments, Emails.
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg
+  - url: https://careers.powens.com/
+    title: Powens is hiring!
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png
+  - url: https://www.svix.com/
+    title: Svix - Webhooks as a service
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg
 bronze:
-  - url: https://calmcode.io
-    title: Code. Simply. Clearly. Calmly.
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/calmcode.jpg
+  - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source
+    title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy.
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/exoflare.png
+  - url: https://bit.ly/3ccLCmM
+    title: https://striveworks.us/careers
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks2.png

docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@ logins:
   - jina-ai
   - deta
   - investsuite
-  - vimsoHQ
   - mikeckennedy
-  - koaning
   - deepset-ai
+  - cryptapi
+  - Striveworks
+  - xoflare
+  - InesIvanova
+  - DropbaseHQ
+  - VincentParedes
+  - BLUE-DEVIL1134
+  - ObliviousAI
+  - Doist
+  - nihpo
+  - svix

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod
 
 For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write:
 
-```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+```Python hl_lines="18  22"
 {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic
     **FastAPI** will take the Pydantic model from there, generate the `JSON Schema`, and put it in the correct place.
 
     The correct place is:
-    
+
     * In the key `content`, that has as value another JSON object (`dict`) that contains:
         * A key with the media type, e.g. `application/json`, that contains as value another JSON object, that contains:
             * A key `schema`, that has as the value the JSON Schema from the model, here's the correct place.

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before
 
 To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:
 
-```Python hl_lines="4  23"
+```Python hl_lines="4  25"
 {!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly,
     When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.
 
     It won't be serialized with a model, etc.
-    
+
     Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`).
 
 !!! note "Technical Details"

docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Async Tests
 
-You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`, but with it, you can't test or run any other `async` function in your (synchronous) pytest functions.
+You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.
 
 Being able to use asynchronous functions in your tests could be useful, for example, when you're querying your database asynchronously. Imagine you want to test sending requests to your FastAPI application and then verify that your backend successfully wrote the correct data in the database, while using an async database library.
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Let's look at how we can make that work.
 
 ## pytest.mark.anyio
 
-If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. Anyio provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
+If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. AnyIO provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
 
 ## HTTPX
 
@@ -16,23 +16,27 @@ Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `asy
 
 The `TestClient` does some magic inside to call the asynchronous FastAPI application in your normal `def` test functions, using standard pytest. But that magic doesn't work anymore when we're using it inside asynchronous functions. By running our tests asynchronously, we can no longer use the `TestClient` inside our test functions.
 
-Luckily there's a nice alternative, called <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>.
-
-HTTPX is an HTTP client for Python 3 that allows us to query our FastAPI application similarly to how we did it with the `TestClient`.
-
-If you're familiar with the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a> library, you'll find that the API of HTTPX is almost identical.
-
-The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchronous, but can also make asynchronous requests.
+The `TestClient` is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, and luckily, we can use it directly to test the API.
 
 ## Example
 
-For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module:
+For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py
+│   └── test_main.py
+```
+
+The file `main.py` would have:
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!}
 ```
 
-The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now:
+The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now:
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ This is the equivalent to:
 response = client.get('/')
 ```
 
-that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
+...that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
 
 !!! tip
     Note that we're using async/await with the new `AsyncClient` - the request is asynchronous.

docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use <a href="
 
 Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*.
 
+For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
+
+This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable with JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
+
+But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
+
 ```Python hl_lines="2  7"
 {!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!}
 ```
@@ -244,6 +250,36 @@ You can also use the `response_class` parameter:
 
 In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* function.
 
+## Custom response class
+
+You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.
+
+For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.
+
+Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.
+
+You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9-14  17"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!}
+```
+
+Now instead of returning:
+
+```json
+{"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+...this response will return:
+
+```json
+{
+  "message": "Hello World"
+}
+```
+
+Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉
+
 ## Default response class
 
 When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default.

docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/datac
 {!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-This is still thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
+This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
 
 So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses.
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md

@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ You can probably right-click each link and select an option similar to `Save lin
 
 **Swagger UI** uses the files:
 
-* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@3/swagger-ui-bundle.js" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui-bundle.js`</a>
-* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@3/swagger-ui.css" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui.css`</a>
+* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@4/swagger-ui-bundle.js" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui-bundle.js`</a>
+* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@4/swagger-ui.css" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui.css`</a>
 
 And **ReDoc** uses the file:
 
@@ -233,3 +233,82 @@ Now, to be able to test that everything works, create a *path operation*:
 Now, you should be able to disconnect your WiFi, go to your docs at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>, and reload the page.
 
 And even without Internet, you would be able to see the docs for your API and interact with it.
+
+## Configuring Swagger UI
+
+You can configure some extra <a href="https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/configuration" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI parameters</a>.
+
+To configure them, pass the `swagger_ui_parameters` argument when creating the `FastAPI()` app object or to the `get_swagger_ui_html()` function.
+
+`swagger_ui_parameters` receives a dictionary with the configurations passed to Swagger UI directly.
+
+FastAPI converts the configurations to **JSON** to make them compatible with JavaScript, as that's what Swagger UI needs.
+
+### Disable Syntax Highlighting
+
+For example, you could disable syntax highlighting in Swagger UI.
+
+Without changing the settings, syntax highlighting is enabled by default:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/extending-openapi/image02.png">
+
+But you can disable it by setting `syntaxHighlight` to `False`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+...and then Swagger UI won't show the syntax highlighting anymore:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/extending-openapi/image03.png">
+
+### Change the Theme
+
+The same way you could set the syntax highlighting theme with the key `"syntaxHighlight.theme"` (notice that it has a dot in the middle):
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+That configuration would change the syntax highlighting color theme:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/extending-openapi/image04.png">
+
+### Change Default Swagger UI Parameters
+
+FastAPI includes some default configuration parameters appropriate for most of the use cases.
+
+It includes these default configurations:
+
+```Python
+{!../../../fastapi/openapi/docs.py[ln:7-13]!}
+```
+
+You can override any of them by setting a different value in the argument `swagger_ui_parameters`.
+
+For example, to disable `deepLinking` you could pass these settings to `swagger_ui_parameters`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial005.py!}
+```
+
+### Other Swagger UI Parameters
+
+To see all the other possible configurations you can use, read the official <a href="https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/configuration" class="external-link" target="_blank">docs for Swagger UI parameters</a>.
+
+### JavaScript-only settings
+
+Swagger UI also allows other configurations to be **JavaScript-only** objects (for example, JavaScript functions).
+
+FastAPI also includes these JavaScript-only `presets` settings:
+
+```JavaScript
+presets: [
+    SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
+    SwaggerUIBundle.SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
+]
+```
+
+These are **JavaScript** objects, not strings, so you can't pass them from Python code directly.
+
+If you need to use JavaScript-only configurations like those, you can use one of the methods above. Override all the Swagger UI *path operation* and manually write any JavaScript you need.

docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# Generate Clients
+
+As **FastAPI** is based on the OpenAPI specification, you get automatic compatibility with many tools, including the automatic API docs (provided by Swagger UI).
+
+One particular advantage that is not necessarily obvious is that you can **generate clients** (sometimes called <abbr title="Software Development Kits">**SDKs**</abbr> ) for your API, for many different **programming languages**.
+
+## OpenAPI Client Generators
+
+There are many tools to generate clients from **OpenAPI**.
+
+A common tool is <a href="https://openapi-generator.tech/" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI Generator</a>.
+
+If you are building a **frontend**, a very interesting alternative is <a href="https://github.com/ferdikoomen/openapi-typescript-codegen" class="external-link" target="_blank">openapi-typescript-codegen</a>.
+
+## Generate a TypeScript Frontend Client
+
+Let's start with a simple FastAPI application:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-11  14-15  18  19  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7-9  12-13  16-17  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+Notice that the *path operations* define the models they use for request payload and response payload, using the models `Item` and `ResponseMessage`.
+
+### API Docs
+
+If you go to the API docs, you will see that it has the **schemas** for the data to be sent in requests and received in responses:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image01.png">
+
+You can see those schemas because they were declared with the models in the app.
+
+That information is available in the app's **OpenAPI schema**, and then shown in the API docs (by Swagger UI).
+
+And that same information from the models that is included in OpenAPI is what can be used to **generate the client code**.
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client
+
+Now that we have the app with the models, we can generate the client code for the frontend.
+
+#### Install `openapi-typescript-codegen`
+
+You can install `openapi-typescript-codegen` in your frontend code with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ npm install openapi-typescript-codegen --save-dev
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+#### Generate Client Code
+
+To generate the client code you can use the command line application `openapi` that would now be installed.
+
+Because it is installed in the local project, you probably wouldn't be able to call that command directly, but you would put it on your `package.json` file.
+
+It could look like this:
+
+```JSON  hl_lines="7"
+{
+  "name": "frontend-app",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios"
+  },
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1",
+    "typescript": "^4.6.2"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+After having that NPM `generate-client` script there, you can run it with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ npm run generate-client
+
+frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app
+> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios
+```
+
+</div>
+
+That command will generate code in `./src/client` and will use `axios` (the frontend HTTP library) internally.
+
+### Try Out the Client Code
+
+Now you can import and use the client code, it could look like this, notice that you get autocompletion for the methods:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image02.png">
+
+You will also get autocompletion for the payload to send:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image03.png">
+
+!!! tip
+    Notice the autocompletion for `name` and `price`, that was defined in the FastAPI application, in the `Item` model.
+
+You will have inline errors for the data that you send:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image04.png">
+
+The response object will also have autocompletion:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image05.png">
+
+## FastAPI App with Tags
+
+In many cases your FastAPI app will be bigger, and you will probably use tags to separate different groups of *path operations*.
+
+For example, you could have a section for **items** and another section for **users**, and they could be separated by tags:
+
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23  28  36"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="21  26  34"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client with Tags
+
+If you generate a client for a FastAPI app using tags, it will normally also separate the client code based on the tags.
+
+This way you will be able to have things ordered and grouped correctly for the client code:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image06.png">
+
+In this case you have:
+
+* `ItemsService`
+* `UsersService`
+
+### Client Method Names
+
+Right now the generated method names like `createItemItemsPost` don't look very clean:
+
+```TypeScript
+ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5})
+```
+
+...that's because the client generator uses the OpenAPI internal **operation ID** for each *path operation*.
+
+OpenAPI requires that each operation ID is unique across all the *path operations*, so FastAPI uses the **function name**, the **path**, and the **HTTP method/operation** to generate that operation ID, because that way it can make sure that the operation IDs are unique.
+
+But I'll show you how to improve that next. 🤓
+
+## Custom Operation IDs and Better Method Names
+
+You can **modify** the way these operation IDs are **generated** to make them simpler and have **simpler method names** in the clients.
+
+In this case you will have to ensure that each operation ID is **unique** in some other way.
+
+For example, you could make sure that each *path operation* has a tag, and then generate the operation ID based on the **tag** and the *path operation* **name** (the function name).
+
+### Custom Generate Unique ID Function
+
+FastAPI uses a **unique ID** for each *path operation*, it is used for the **operation ID** and also for the names of any needed custom models, for requests or responses.
+
+You can customize that function. It takes an `APIRoute` and outputs a string.
+
+For example, here it is using the first tag (you will probably have only one tag) and the *path operation* name (the function name).
+
+You can then pass that custom function to **FastAPI** as the `generate_unique_id_function` parameter:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-9  12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6-7  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client with Custom Operation IDs
+
+Now if you generate the client again, you will see that it has the improved method names:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image07.png">
+
+As you see, the method names now have the tag and then the function name, now they don't include information from the URL path and the HTTP operation.
+
+### Preprocess the OpenAPI Specification for the Client Generator
+
+The generated code still has some **duplicated information**.
+
+We already know that this method is related to the **items** because that word is in the `ItemsService` (taken from the tag), but we still have the tag name prefixed in the method name too. 😕
+
+We will probably still want to keep it for OpenAPI in general, as that will ensure that the operation IDs are **unique**.
+
+But for the generated client we could **modify** the OpenAPI operation IDs right before generating the clients, just to make those method names nicer and **cleaner**.
+
+We could download the OpenAPI JSON to a file `openapi.json` and then we could **remove that prefixed tag** with a script like this:
+
+```Python
+{!../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+With that, the operation IDs would be renamed from things like `items-get_items` to just `get_items`, that way the client generator can generate simpler method names.
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client with the Preprocessed OpenAPI
+
+Now as the end result is in a file `openapi.json`, you would modify the `package.json` to use that local file, for example:
+
+```JSON  hl_lines="7"
+{
+  "name": "frontend-app",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios"
+  },
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1",
+    "typescript": "^4.6.2"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+After generating the new client, you would now have **clean method names**, with all the **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image08.png">
+
+## Benefits
+
+When using the automatically generated clients you would **autocompletion** for:
+
+* Methods.
+* Request payloads in the body, query parameters, etc.
+* Response payloads.
+
+You would also have **inline errors** for everything.
+
+And whenever you update the backend code, and **regenerate** the frontend, it would have any new *path operations* available as methods, the old ones removed, and any other change would be reflected on the generated code. 🤓
+
+This also means that if something changed it will be **reflected** on the client code automatically. And if you **build** the client it will error out if you have any **mismatch** in the data used.
+
+So, you would **detect many errors** very early in the development cycle instead of having to wait for the errors to show up to your final users in production and then trying to debug where the problem is. ✨

docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order
 
 The following arguments are supported:
 
-* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains to allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
+* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains. To allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
 
 If an incoming request does not validate correctly then a `400` response will be sent.
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query
 
 This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you:
 
-```Python hl_lines="10-14  37-54"
+```Python hl_lines="9-13  36-53"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It could be just one or two lines of code, like:
 
 ```Python
 callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/"
-requests.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
+httpx.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
 ```
 
 But possibly the most important part of the callback is making sure that your API user (the external developer) implements the *external API* correctly, according to the data that *your API* is going to send in the request body of the callback, etc.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This example doesn't implement the callback itself (that could be just a line of
 !!! tip
     The actual callback is just an HTTP request.
 
-    When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.encode.io/httpx/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
+    When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
 
 ## Write the callback documentation code
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh
 
 First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks.
 
-```Python hl_lines="5  26"
+```Python hl_lines="3  25"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*:
 * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`.
 * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="17-19  22-23  29-33"
+```Python hl_lines="16-18  21-22  28-32"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that
 
 Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router:
 
-```Python hl_lines="36"
+```Python hl_lines="35"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

@@ -34,13 +34,19 @@ Here's a more complete example.
 
 Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct.
 
-For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password:
+For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password.
 
-```Python hl_lines="1  11-13"
+`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`.
+
+To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8.
+
+Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  11-21"
 {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
 ```
 
-This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to:
+This would be similar to:
 
 ```Python
 if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
@@ -102,6 +108,6 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be
 
 After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again:
 
-```Python hl_lines="15-19"
+```Python hl_lines="23-27"
 {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
 ```

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with
     You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.
 
     But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs.
-    
+
     Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.
 
     In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.
-    
+
     But if you know you need it, or you are curious, keep reading.
 
 ## OAuth2 scopes and OpenAPI
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:
     In OAuth2 a "scope" is just a string that declares a specific permission required.
 
     It doesn't matter if it has other characters like `:` or if it is a URL.
-    
+
     Those details are implementation specific.
 
     For OAuth2 they are just strings.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ In this case, it requires the scope `me` (it could require more than one scope).
 
 !!! note
     You don't necessarily need to add different scopes in different places.
-    
+
     We are doing it here to demonstrate how **FastAPI** handles scopes declared at different levels.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  139  166"

docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`.
     To avoid confusion between the Peewee *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the Peewee models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models.
 
     These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape).
-    
+
     So this will help us avoiding confusion while using both.
 
 ### Create the Pydantic *models* / schemas

docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ To override a dependency for testing, you put as a key the original dependency (
 
 And then **FastAPI** will call that override instead of the original dependency.
 
-```Python hl_lines="26-27  30"
+```Python hl_lines="28-29  32"
 {!../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -2,6 +2,20 @@
 
 You can use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSockets</a> with **FastAPI**.
 
+## Install `WebSockets`
+
+First you need to install `WebSockets`:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install websockets
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
 ## WebSockets client
 
 ### In production
@@ -98,17 +112,15 @@ In WebSocket endpoints you can import from `fastapi` and use:
 
 They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*:
 
-```Python hl_lines="58-65  68-83"
+```Python hl_lines="66-77  76-91"
 {!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
 ```
 
 !!! info
-    In a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`. So it's better to close the WebSocket connection directly.
+    As this is a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`, instead we raise a `WebSocketException`.
 
     You can use a closing code from the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">valid codes defined in the specification</a>.
 
-    In the future, there will be a `WebSocketException` that you will be able to `raise` from anywhere, and add exception handlers for it. It depends on the <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527" class="external-link" target="_blank">PR #527</a> in Starlette.
-
 ### Try the WebSockets with dependencies
 
 If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with:

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for
 
 There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.
 
-### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
+### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
 
 One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It
 
 !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
     Find a way to have a crazy performance.
-    
+
     That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks).
 
 ### <a href="https://falconframework.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Falcon</a>
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Now APIStar is a set of tools to validate OpenAPI specifications, not a web fram
     Exist.
 
     The idea of declaring multiple things (data validation, serialization and documentation) with the same Python types, that at the same time provided great editor support, was something I considered a brilliant idea.
-    
+
     And after searching for a long time for a similar framework and testing many different alternatives, APIStar was the best option available.
 
     Then APIStar stopped to exist as a server and Starlette was created, and was a new better foundation for such a system. That was the final inspiration to build **FastAPI**.
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ It has:
 * WebSocket support.
 * In-process background tasks.
 * Startup and shutdown events.
-* Test client built on requests.
+* Test client built on HTTPX.
 * CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * Session and Cookie support.
 * 100% test coverage.
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ That's one of the main things that **FastAPI** adds on top, all based on Python
     Handle all the core web parts. Adding features on top.
 
     The class `FastAPI` itself inherits directly from the class `Starlette`.
-    
+
     So, anything that you can do with Starlette, you can do it directly with **FastAPI**, as it is basically Starlette on steroids.
 
 ### <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>

docs/en/docs/async.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results():
 
 ---
 
-If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
+If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="2"
 @app.get('/')
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`.
 
 ---
 
-**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
+**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
 
 Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast.
 
@@ -102,87 +102,117 @@ To see the difference, imagine the following story about burgers:
 
 ### Concurrent Burgers
 
-<!-- The gender neutral cook emoji "🧑‍🍳" does not render well in browsers. In the meantime, I'm using a mix of male "👨‍🍳" and female "👩‍🍳" cooks. -->
+You go with your crush to get fast food, you stand in line while the cashier takes the orders from the people in front of you. 😍
 
-You go with your crush 😍 to get fast food 🍔, you stand in line while the cashier 💁 takes the orders from the people in front of you.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png" class="illustration">
 
-Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you.
+Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. 🍔🍔
 
-You pay 💸.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png" class="illustration">
 
-The cashier 💁 says something to the cook in the kitchen 👨‍🍳 so they know they have to prepare your burgers 🍔 (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients).
+The cashier says something to the cook in the kitchen so they know they have to prepare your burgers (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients).
 
-The cashier 💁 gives you the number of your turn.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-03.png" class="illustration">
 
-While you are waiting, you go with your crush 😍 and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush 😍 for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare ✨🍔✨).
+You pay. 💸
 
-As you are sitting on the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
+The cashier gives you the number of your turn.
 
-While waiting and talking to your crush 😍, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-04.png" class="illustration">
 
-Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers 🍔 and come back to the table.
+While you are waiting, you go with your crush and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare).
 
-You and your crush 😍 eat the burgers 🍔 and have a nice time ✨.
+As you are sitting at the table with your crush, while you wait for the burgers, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
+
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-05.png" class="illustration">
+
+While waiting and talking to your crush, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already.
+
+Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers and come back to the table.
+
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-06.png" class="illustration">
+
+You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨
+
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png" class="illustration">
+
+!!! info
+    Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
 
 ---
 
 Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story.
 
-While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier 💁 is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine.
+While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine.
 
-Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work 🤓, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's 😍 choice, pay 💸, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc.
+Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's choice, pay, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc.
 
-But then, even though you still don't have your burgers 🍔, your work with the cashier 💁 is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.
+But then, even though you still don't have your burgers, your work with the cashier is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.
 
-But as you go away from the counter and sit on the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍.
+But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" as is flirting with your crush 😍.
 
-Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" 🍔 by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers 🍔 because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.
+Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.
 
-So you wait for your crush 😍 to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸.
+So you wait for your crush to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸.
 
-Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers 🍔, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹.
+Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹.
 
 ### Parallel Burgers
 
 Now let's imagine these aren't "Concurrent Burgers", but "Parallel Burgers".
 
-You go with your crush 😍 to get parallel fast food 🍔.
+You go with your crush to get parallel fast food.
 
-You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 take the orders from the people in front of you.
+You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks take the orders from the people in front of you.
 
-Everyone before you is waiting 🕙 for their burgers 🍔 to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order.
+Everyone before you is waiting for their burgers to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order.
 
-Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-01.png" class="illustration">
+
+Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you.
 
 You pay 💸.
 
-The cashier goes to the kitchen 👨‍🍳.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-02.png" class="illustration">
 
-You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers 🍔 before you do, as there are no numbers for turns.
+The cashier goes to the kitchen.
 
-As you and your crush 😍 are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive 🕙, you cannot pay attention to your crush 😞.
+You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers before you do, as there are no numbers for turns.
 
-This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers 🍔 and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-03.png" class="illustration">
 
-Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers 🍔, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter.
+As you and your crush are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive, you cannot pay attention to your crush. 😞
 
-You take your burgers 🍔 and go to the table with your crush 😍.
+This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them.
 
-You just eat them, and you are done 🍔 ⏹.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-04.png" class="illustration">
 
-There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter 😞.
+Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter.
+
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-05.png" class="illustration">
+
+You take your burgers and go to the table with your crush.
+
+You just eat them, and you are done. ⏹
+
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-06.png" class="illustration">
+
+There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter. 😞
+
+!!! info
+    Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
 
 ---
 
-In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush 😍), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time.
+In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time.
 
-The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook) 💁 👨‍🍳.
+The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks). While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook).
 
-But still, the final experience is not the best 😞.
+But still, the final experience is not the best. 😞
 
 ---
 
-This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers 🍔.
+This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers. 🍔
 
 For a more "real life" example of this, imagine a bank.
 
@@ -208,11 +238,7 @@ This "waiting" 🕙 is measured in microseconds, but still, summing it all, it's
 
 That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs.
 
-Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were created before the new asynchronous features in Python existed. So, the ways they can be deployed support parallel execution and an older form of asynchronous execution that is not as powerful as the new capabilities.
-
-Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets.
-
-That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
+This kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
 
 And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**.
 
@@ -238,7 +264,7 @@ You could have turns as in the burgers example, first the living room, then the
 
 It would take the same amount of time to finish with or without turns (concurrency) and you would have done the same amount of work.
 
-But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner.
+But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner.
 
 In this scenario, each one of the cleaners (including you) would be a processor, doing their part of the job.
 
@@ -257,7 +283,7 @@ For example:
 
 ### Concurrency + Parallelism: Web + Machine Learning
 
-With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attractive of NodeJS).
+With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attraction of NodeJS).
 
 But you can also exploit the benefits of parallelism and multiprocessing (having multiple processes running in parallel) for **CPU bound** workloads like those in Machine Learning systems.
 
@@ -371,23 +397,23 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such
 
     These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
 
-    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
+    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
 
 ### Path operation functions
 
 When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server).
 
-If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to define trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>.
+If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to defining trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>.
 
 Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework.
 
 ### Dependencies
 
-The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
+The same applies for [dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
 
 ### Sub-dependencies
 
-You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
+You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
 
 ### Other utility functions
 

docs/en/docs/contributing.md

@@ -84,58 +84,36 @@ To check it worked, use:
 
 If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉
 
-
-
-!!! tip
-    Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
-
-    This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package (like `flit`), you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
-
-### Flit
-
-**FastAPI** uses <a href="https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flit</a> to build, package and publish the project.
-
-After activating the environment as described above, install `flit`:
+Make sure you have the latest pip version on your virtual environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install flit
+$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
 
 </div>
 
-Now re-activate the environment to make sure you are using the `flit` you just installed (and not a global one).
+!!! tip
+    Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
 
-And now use `flit` to install the development dependencies:
+    This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package, you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
 
-=== "Linux, macOS"
+### pip
 
-    <div class="termy">
+After activating the environment as described above:
 
-    ```console
-    $ flit install --deps develop --symlink
+<div class="termy">
 
-    ---> 100%
-    ```
+```console
+$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]"
 
-    </div>
+---> 100%
+```
 
-=== "Windows"
-
-    If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`:
-
-    <div class="termy">
-
-    ```console
-    $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file
-
-    ---> 100%
-    ```
-
-    </div>
+</div>
 
 It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local environment.
 
@@ -143,7 +121,7 @@ It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local enviro
 
 If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code.
 
-And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows), when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
+And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `-e`, when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
 
 That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.
 
@@ -161,7 +139,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh
 
 It will also auto-sort all your imports.
 
-For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows).
+For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `-e`.
 
 ## Docs
 

docs/en/docs/css/custom.css

@@ -4,10 +4,21 @@
   display: block;
 }
 
+.termy {
+  /* For right to left languages */
+  direction: ltr;
+}
+
 .termy [data-termynal] {
   white-space: pre-wrap;
 }
 
+a.external-link {
+  /* For right to left languages */
+  direction: ltr;
+  display: inline-block;
+}
+
 a.external-link::after {
   /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
         to make the mark be on the same line as the link
@@ -94,7 +105,7 @@ a.announce-link:hover {
 .announce-wrapper .sponsor-badge {
   display: block;
   position: absolute;
-  top: -5px;
+  top: -10px;
   right: 0;
   font-size: 0.5rem;
   color: #999;
@@ -118,3 +129,18 @@ a.announce-link:hover {
 .twitter {
   color: #00acee;
 }
+
+/* Right to left languages */
+code {
+  direction: ltr;
+  display: inline-block;
+}
+
+.md-content__inner h1 {
+  direction: ltr !important;
+}
+
+.illustration {
+  margin-top: 2em;
+  margin-bottom: 2em;
+}

docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Here are some possible combinations and strategies:
     * One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**
 * **Kubernetes** and other distributed **container systems**
     * Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running
-* **Cloud services** that handle this for your
+* **Cloud services** that handle this for you
     * The cloud service will probably **handle replication for you**. It would possibly let you define **a process to run**, or a **container image** to use, in any case, it would most probably be **a single Uvicorn process**, and the cloud service would be in charge of replicating it.
 
 !!! tip

docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn
 * Create a `main.py` file with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ If your FastAPI is a single file, for example, `main.py` without an `./app` dire
 Then you would just have to change the corresponding paths to copy the file inside the `Dockerfile`:
 
 ```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10  13" }
-FROM python:3.9  
+FROM python:3.9
 
 WORKDIR /code
 

docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with:
 
     !!! tip
         By adding the `standard`, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies.
-        
+
         That including `uvloop`, the high-performance drop-in replacement for `asyncio`, that provides the big concurrency performance boost.
 
 === "Hypercorn"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with:
 
 ## Run the Server Program
 
-You can then your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
+You can then run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
 
 === "Uvicorn"
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ You can then your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but w
     Remember to remove the `--reload` option if you were using it.
 
     The `--reload` option consumes much more resources, is more unstable, etc.
-    
+
     It helps a lot during **development**, but you **shouldn't** use it in **production**.
 
 ## Hypercorn with Trio

docs/en/docs/external-links.md

@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ Here's an incomplete list of some of them.
 {% endfor %}
 {% endif %}
 
+### Taiwanese
+
+{% if external_links %}
+{% for article in external_links.articles.taiwanese %}
+
+* <a href="{{ article.link }}" class="external-link" target="_blank">{{ article.title }}</a> by <a href="{{ article.author_link }}" class="external-link" target="_blank">{{ article.author }}</a>.
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
 ## Podcasts
 
 {% if external_links %}

docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ I'm the creator and maintainer of **FastAPI**. You can read more about that in [
 
 These are the people that:
 
-* [Help others with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* [Help others with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 * [Create Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 * Review Pull Requests, [especially important for translations](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ A round of applause to them. 👏 🙇
 
 ## Most active users last month
 
-These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
+These are the users that have been [helping others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
 
 {% if people %}
 <div class="user-list user-list-center">
 {% for user in people.last_month_active %}
 
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
 {% endfor %}
 
 </div>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questio
 
 Here are the **FastAPI Experts**. 🤓
 
-These are the users that have [helped others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
+These are the users that have [helped others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
 
 They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
 <div class="user-list user-list-center">
 {% for user in people.experts %}
 
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
 {% endfor %}
 
 </div>
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ They are supporting my work with **FastAPI** (and others), mainly through <a hre
 
 The main intention of this page is to highlight the effort of the community to help others.
 
-Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with issues and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
+Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with questions and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
 
 The data is calculated each month, you can read the <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">source code here</a>.
 

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Starlette**'s features (as FastAPI is just Sta
 * **WebSocket** support.
 * In-process background tasks.
 * Startup and shutdown events.
-* Test client built on `requests`.
+* Test client built on HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * **Session and Cookie** support.
 * 100% test coverage.
@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
 * Plays nicely with your **<abbr title="Integrated Development Environment, similar to a code editor">IDE</abbr>/<abbr title="A program that checks for code errors">linter</abbr>/brain**:
     * Because pydantic data structures are just instances of classes you define; auto-completion, linting, mypy and your intuition should all work properly with your validated data.
 * **Fast**:
-    * in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#benchmarks-tag" class="external-link" target="_blank">benchmarks</a> Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries.
+    * in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/benchmarks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">benchmarks</a> Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries.
 * Validate **complex structures**:
     * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc.
     * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema.
     * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
-* **Extendible**:
+* **Extensible**:
     * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator.
 * 100% test coverage.

docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You can:
 * <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>.
     * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you.
     * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project.
-* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a>.
+* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a> or <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mastodon</a>.
     * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
     * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools.
     * You can also <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account).
@@ -67,29 +67,129 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what you have liked in it, i
 
 * <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
 * <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
+* <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare</a>.
 
-## Help others with issues in GitHub
+## Help others with questions in GitHub
 
-You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others, most of the times they are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓
+You can try and help others with their questions in:
 
-If you are helping a lot of people with issues, you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions?discussions_q=category%3AQuestions+is%3Aunanswered" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Aquestion+-label%3Aanswered+" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Issues</a>
+
+In many cases you might already know the answer for those questions. 🤓
+
+If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+
+Just remember, the most important point is: try to be kind. People come with their frustrations and in many cases don't ask in the best way, but try as best as you can to be kind. 🤗
+
+The idea is for the **FastAPI** community to be kind and welcoming. At the same time, don't accept bullying or disrespectful behavior towards others. We have to take care of each other.
+
+---
+
+Here's how to help others with questions (in discussions or issues):
+
+### Understand the question
+
+* Check if you can understand what is the **purpose** and use case of the person asking.
+
+* Then check if the question (the vast majority are questions) is **clear**.
+
+* In many cases the question asked is about an imaginary solution from the user, but there might be a **better** one. If you can understand the problem and use case better, you might be able to suggest a better **alternative solution**.
+
+* If you can't understand the question, ask for more **details**.
+
+### Reproduce the problem
+
+For most of the cases and most of the questions there's something related to the person's **original code**.
+
+In many cases they will only copy a fragment of the code, but that's not enough to **reproduce the problem**.
+
+* You can ask them to provide a <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example" class="external-link" target="_blank">minimal, reproducible, example</a>, that you can **copy-paste** and run locally to see the same error or behavior they are seeing, or to understand their use case better.
+
+* If you are feeling too generous, you can try to **create an example** like that yourself, just based on the description of the problem. Just have in mind that this might take a lot of time and it might be better to ask them to clarify the problem first.
+
+### Suggest solutions
+
+* After being able to understand the question, you can give them a possible **answer**.
+
+* In many cases, it's better to understand their **underlying problem or use case**, because there might be a better way to solve it than what they are trying to do.
+
+### Ask to close
+
+If they reply, there's a high chance you would have solved their problem, congrats, **you're a hero**! 🦸
+
+* Now, if that solved their problem, you can ask them to:
+
+    * In GitHub Discussions: mark the comment as the **answer**.
+    * In GitHub Issues: **close** the issue**.
 
 ## Watch the GitHub repository
 
 You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
 
-If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue.
+If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue or question. You can also specify that you only want to be notified about new issues, or discussions, or PRs, etc.
 
-Then you can try and help them solve those issues.
+Then you can try and help them solve those questions.
 
-## Create issues
+## Ask Questions
 
-You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new issue</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new question</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
 
 * Ask a **question** or ask about a **problem**.
 * Suggest a new **feature**.
 
-**Note**: if you create an issue, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
+**Note**: if you do it, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
+
+## Review Pull Requests
+
+You can help me review pull requests from others.
+
+Again, please try your best to be kind. 🤗
+
+---
+
+Here's what to have in mind and how to review a pull request:
+
+### Understand the problem
+
+* First, make sure you **understand the problem** that the pull request is trying to solve. It might have a longer discussion in a GitHub Discussion or issue.
+
+* There's also a good chance that the pull request is not actually needed because the problem can be solved in a **different way**. Then you can suggest or ask about that.
+
+### Don't worry about style
+
+* Don't worry too much about things like commit message styles, I will squash and merge customizing the commit manually.
+
+* Also don't worry about style rules, there are already automatized tools checking that.
+
+And if there's any other style or consistency need, I'll ask directly for that, or I'll add commits on top with the needed changes.
+
+### Check the code
+
+* Check and read the code, see if it makes sense, **run it locally** and see if it actually solves the problem.
+
+* Then **comment** saying that you did that, that's how I will know you really checked it.
+
+!!! info
+    Unfortunately, I can't simply trust PRs that just have several approvals.
+
+    Several times it has happened that there are PRs with 3, 5 or more approvals, probably because the description is appealing, but when I check the PRs, they are actually broken, have a bug, or don't solve the problem they claim to solve. 😅
+
+    So, it's really important that you actually read and run the code, and let me know in the comments that you did. 🤓
+
+* If the PR can be simplified in a way, you can ask for that, but there's no need to be too picky, there might be a lot of subjective points of view (and I will have my own as well 🙈), so it's better if you can focus on the fundamental things.
+
+### Tests
+
+* Help me check that the PR has **tests**.
+
+* Check that the tests **fail** before the PR. 🚨
+
+* Then check that the tests **pass** after the PR. ✅
+
+* Many PRs don't have tests, you can **remind** them to add tests, or you can even **suggest** some tests yourself. That's one of the things that consume most time and you can help a lot with that.
+
+* Then also comment what you tried, that way I'll know that you checked it. 🤓
 
 ## Create a Pull Request
 
@@ -102,14 +202,32 @@ You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the sourc
     * You can also help to review the translations created by others.
 * To propose new documentation sections.
 * To fix an existing issue/bug.
+    * Make sure to add tests.
 * To add a new feature.
+    * Make sure to add tests.
+    * Make sure to add documentation if it's relevant.
+
+## Help Maintain FastAPI
+
+Help me maintain **FastAPI**! 🤓
+
+There's a lot of work to do, and for most of it, **YOU** can do it.
+
+The main tasks that you can do right now are:
+
+* [Help others with questions in GitHub](#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
+* [Review Pull Requests](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
+
+Those two tasks are what **consume time the most**. That's the main work of maintaining FastAPI.
+
+If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making sure it keeps **advancing faster and better**. 🚀
 
 ## Join the chat
 
 Join the 👥 <a href="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf" class="external-link" target="_blank">Discord chat server</a> 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community.
 
 !!! tip
-    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub issues</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
     Use the chat only for other general conversations.
 
@@ -119,9 +237,9 @@ There is also the previous <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="e
 
 Have in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers.
 
-In GitHub issues the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
+In GitHub, the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
 
-Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub issues count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub issues.
+Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub.
 
 On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄
 

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio

@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.drawio

@@ -274,4 +274,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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 </text></switch></g><rect x="670" y="1166" width="270" height="70" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#666666" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 268px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1201px; margin-left: 671px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #333333; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">onemore.example.org</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="805" y="1205" fill="#333333" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">onemore.example.org
-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g><path d="M 1045 891 L 1315 891 L 1335 931 L 1315 971 L 1045 971 L 1025 931 Z" fill="#d5e8d4" stroke="#82b366" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 308px; height: 1px; padding-top: 931px; margin-left: 1026px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><span style="font-family: &quot;roboto&quot; ; font-size: 24px">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</span></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="1180" y="935" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</text></switch></g><path d="M 990 1081 L 1010 1081 L 1010 931 L 1025 931" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g><path d="M 1045 891 L 1315 891 L 1335 931 L 1315 971 L 1045 971 L 1025 931 Z" fill="#d5e8d4" stroke="#82b366" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 308px; height: 1px; padding-top: 931px; margin-left: 1026px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><span style="font-family: &quot;roboto&quot; ; font-size: 24px">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</span></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="1180" y="935" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</text></switch></g><path d="M 990 1081 L 1010 1081 L 1010 931 L 1025 931" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.drawio

@@ -75,4 +75,4 @@
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         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.drawio

@@ -107,4 +107,4 @@
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         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.drawio

@@ -128,4 +128,4 @@
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         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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 </text></switch></g><rect x="670" y="1166" width="270" height="70" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#666666" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 268px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1201px; margin-left: 671px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #333333; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">onemore.example.org</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="805" y="1205" fill="#333333" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">onemore.example.org
-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.drawio

@@ -149,4 +149,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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 </text></switch></g><rect x="670" y="1166" width="270" height="70" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#666666" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 268px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1201px; margin-left: 671px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #333333; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">onemore.example.org</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="805" y="1205" fill="#333333" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">onemore.example.org
-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.drawio

@@ -163,4 +163,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.drawio

@@ -180,4 +180,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.drawio

@@ -200,4 +200,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.drawio

@@ -214,4 +214,4 @@
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         </mxGraphModel>
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docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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