🔖 Release 0.44.0, with support for Pydantic v1 and above! 🎉

* Make compatible with pydantic v1

* Remove unused import

* Remove unused ignores

* Update pydantic version

* Fix minor formatting issue

* ⏪ Revert removing iterate_in_threadpool

* ✨ Add backwards compatibility with Pydantic 0.32.2

with deprecation warnings

* ✅ Update tests to not break when using Pydantic < 1.0.0

* 📝 Update docs for Pydantic version 1.0.0

* 📌 Update Pydantic range version to support from 0.32.2

* 🎨 Format test imports

* ✨ Add support for Pydantic < 1.2 for populate_validators

* ✨ Add backwards compatibility for Pydantic < 1.2.0 with required fields

* 📌 Relax requirement for Pydantic to < 2.0.0 🎉 🚀

* 💚 Update pragma coverage for older Pydantic versions

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: "0 0 * * *"
+
+jobs:
+  issue-manager:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: tiangolo/issue-manager@master
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        config: >
+            {
+              "answered": {
+                "users": ["tiangolo", "dmontagu"],
+                "delay": 864000,
+                "message": "Assuming the original issue was solved, it will be automatically closed now. But feel free to add more comments or create new issues."
+              }
+            }

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ site
 coverage.xml
 .netlify
 test.db
+log.txt
+Pipfile.lock

.travis.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
+dist: xenial
+
 language: python
 
 cache: pip
 
 python:
     - "3.6"
-    - "3.7-dev"
+    - "3.7"
+    - "3.8-dev"
+    - "nightly"
+
+matrix:
+    allow_failures:
+        - python: "3.8-dev"
+        - python: "nightly"
 
 install:
     - pip install flit
-    - flit install
+    - flit install --symlink
 
 script:
     - bash scripts/test.sh
@@ -18,6 +27,7 @@ after_script:
 
 deploy:
   provider: script
-  script: bash scripts/trigger-docker.sh
+  script: bash scripts/deploy.sh
   on:
-    branch: master
+    tags: true
+    python: "3.6"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Please read the [Development - Contributing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/contributing/) guidelines in the documentation site.

Pipfile

@@ -22,10 +22,14 @@ ujson = "*"
 flake8 = "*"
 python-multipart = "*"
 sqlalchemy = "*"
+uvicorn = "*"
 
 [packages]
-starlette = "==0.11.1"
-pydantic = "==0.18.2"
+starlette = "==0.12.9"
+pydantic = "==1.0.0"
+databases = {extras = ["sqlite"],version = "*"}
+hypercorn = "*"
+orjson = "*"
 
 [requires]
 python_version = "3.6"

Pipfile.lock

@@ -1,734 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "_meta": {
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-        },
-        "pipfile-spec": 6,
-        "requires": {
-            "python_version": "3.6"
-        },
-        "sources": [
-            {
-                "name": "pypi",
-                "url": "https://pypi.org/simple",
-                "verify_ssl": true
-            }
-        ]
-    },
-    "default": {
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-            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
-            "version": "==0.6"
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-        "pydantic": {
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-            "version": "==0.18.2"
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-                "sha256:af5fbdde0690c7da68e841d7fc2632345d570768ea7406a9434446d7b33b0ee1",
-                "sha256:b64efdbdf3bbb1377562c179f167f3bf301251411eb5ac77dec6b7d32bcda463",
-                "sha256:bac5f444c118aeb456fac1b0b5d14c6a71ea2a42069b09c176f75e9bd4c186f6",
-                "sha256:bda9068aafb73859491e13b99b682bd299c1b5fd50644d697533775828a28ee0",
-                "sha256:d659517ca116e6750101a1326107d3479028c5191f0ecee3c7203c50f5b915b0",
-                "sha256:eddd3fb1f3e0f82e5915a899285a39ee34ce18fd25d89582bc89fc9fb16cd2c6"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.3.1"
-        },
-        "ujson": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:f66073e5506e91d204ab0c614a148d5aa938bdbf104751be66f8ad7a222f5f86"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.35"
-        },
-        "urllib3": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:61bf29cada3fc2fbefad4fdf059ea4bd1b4a86d2b6d15e1c7c0b582b9752fe39",
-                "sha256:de9529817c93f27c8ccbfead6985011db27bd0ddfcdb2d86f3f663385c6a9c22"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.24.1"
-        },
-        "wcwidth": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3df37372226d6e63e1b1e1eda15c594bca98a22d33a23832a90998faa96bc65e",
-                "sha256:f4ebe71925af7b40a864553f761ed559b43544f8f71746c2d756c7fe788ade7c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.1.7"
-        },
-        "webencodings": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:a0af1213f3c2226497a97e2b3aa01a7e4bee4f403f95be16fc9acd2947514a78",
-                "sha256:b36a1c245f2d304965eb4e0a82848379241dc04b865afcc4aab16748587e1923"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.5.1"
-        },
-        "widgetsnbextension": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:14b2c65f9940c9a7d3b70adbe713dbd38b5ec69724eebaba034d1036cf3d4740",
-                "sha256:fa618be8435447a017fd1bf2c7ae922d0428056cfc7449f7a8641edf76b48265"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.4.2"
-        }
-    }
-}

README.md

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/fastapi.svg" alt="Package version">
 </a>
+<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
+</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -31,15 +34,48 @@ The key features are:
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
 
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300% *.
-* **Less bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
-* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Less bugs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
 * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
 
+## Opinions
+
+"*[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]*"
+
+"*We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
 
 ## Requirements
 
@@ -54,13 +90,13 @@ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 ## Installation
 
 ```bash
-$ pip install fastapi
+pip install fastapi
 ```
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">uvicorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 ```bash
-$ pip install uvicorn
+pip install uvicorn
 ```
 
 ## Example
@@ -116,17 +152,17 @@ If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fast
 Run the server with:
 
 ```bash
-uvicorn main:app --debug
+uvicorn main:app --reload
 ```
 
 <details markdown="1">
-<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --debug</code>...</summary>
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
 
 The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
 
 * `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
 * `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
-* `--debug`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -195,11 +231,11 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
 
 
 @app.put("/items/{item_id}")
-def create_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
     return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
 ```
 
-The server should reload automatically (because you added `--debug` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).
 
 ### Interactive API docs upgrade
 

docs/alternatives.md

@@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ Another big feature required by APIs is <abbr title="reading and converting to P
 
 Webargs is a tool that was made to provide that on top of several frameworks, including Flask.
 
-It uses Marshmallow underneath to do the data validation. And it was created by the same guys.
+It uses Marshmallow underneath to do the data validation. And it was created by the same developers.
 
 It's a great tool and I have used it a lot too, before having **FastAPI**.
 
 !!! info
-    Webargs was created by the same Marshmallow guys.
+    Webargs was created by the same Marshmallow developers.
 
 !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
     Have automatic validation of incoming request data.
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ But then, we have again the problem of having a micro-syntax, inside of a Python
 The editor can't help much with that. And if we modify parameters or Marshmallow schemas and forget to also modify that YAML docstring, the generated schema would be obsolete.
 
 !!! info
-    APISpec was created by the same Marshmallow guys.
+    APISpec was created by the same Marshmallow developers.
 
 
 !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Using it led to the creation of several Flask full-stack generators. These are t
 And these same full-stack generators were the base of the <a href="/project-generation/" target="_blank">**FastAPI** project generator</a>.
 
 !!! info
-    Flask-apispec was created by the same Marshmallow guys.
+    Flask-apispec was created by the same Marshmallow developers.
 
 !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
     Generate the OpenAPI schema automatically, from the same code that defines serialization and validation.
@@ -236,6 +236,23 @@ It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It
     
     That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks).
 
+### <a href="https://falconframework.org/" target="_blank">Falcon</a>
+
+Falcon is another high performance Python framework, it is designed to be minimal, and work as the foundation of other frameworks like Hug.
+
+It uses the previous standard for Python web frameworks (WSGI) which is synchronous, so it can't handle WebSockets and other use cases. Nevertheless, it also has a very good performance.
+
+It is designed to have functions that receive two parameters, one "request" and one "response". Then you "read" parts from the request, and "write" parts to the response. Because of this design, it is not possible to declare request parameters and bodies with standard Python type hints as function parameters.
+
+So, data validation, serialization, and documentation, have to be done in code, not automatically. Or they have to be implemented as a framework on top of Falcon, like Hug. This same distinction happens in other frameworks that are inspired by Falcon's design, of having one request object and one response object as parameters.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Find ways to get great performance.
+
+    Along with Hug (as Hug is based on Falcon) inspired **FastAPI** to declare a `response` parameter in functions.
+
+    Although in FastAPI it's optional, and is used mainly to set headers, cookies, and alternative status codes.
+
 ### <a href="https://moltenframework.com/" target="_blank">Molten</a>
 
 I discovered Molten in the first stages of building **FastAPI**. And it has quite similar ideas:
@@ -257,11 +274,35 @@ Routes are declared in a single place, using functions declared in other places
 
     This actually inspired updating parts of Pydantic, to support the same validation declaration style (all this functionality is now already available in Pydantic).
 
+### <a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a>
+
+Hug was one of the first frameworks to implement the declaration of API parameter types using Python type hints. This was a great idea that inspired other tools to do the same.
+
+It used custom types in its declarations instead of standard Python types, but it was still a huge step forward.
+
+It also was one of the first frameworks to generate a custom schema declaring the whole API in JSON.
+
+It was not based on a standard like OpenAPI and JSON Schema. So it wouldn't be straightforward to integrate it with other tools, like Swagger UI. But again, it was a very innovative idea.
+
+It has an interesting, uncommon feature: using the same framework, it's possible to create APIs and also CLIs.
+
+As it is based on the previous standard for synchronous Python web frameworks (WSGI), it can't handle Websockets and other things, although it still has high performance too.
+
+!!! info
+    Hug was created by Timothy Crosley, the same creator of <a href="https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort" target="_blank">`isort`</a>, a great tool to automatically sort imports in Python files.
+
+!!! check "Ideas inspired in **FastAPI**"
+    Hug inspired parts of APIStar, and was one of the tools I found most promising, alongside APIStar.
+
+    Hug helped inspiring **FastAPI** to use Python type hints to declare parameters, and to generate a schema defining the API automatically.
+
+    Hug inspired **FastAPI** to declare a `response` parameter in functions to set headers and cookies.
+
 ### <a href="https://github.com/encode/apistar" target="_blank">APIStar</a> (<= 0.5)
 
 Right before deciding to build **FastAPI** I found **APIStar** server. It had almost everything I was looking for and had a great design.
 
-It was actually the first implementation of a framework using Python type hints to declare parameters and requests that I ever saw (before NestJS and Molten).
+It was one of the first implementations of a framework using Python type hints to declare parameters and requests that I ever saw (before NestJS and Molten). I found it more or less at the same time as Hug. But APIStar used the OpenAPI standard.
 
 It had automatic data validation, data serialization and OpenAPI schema generation based on the same type hints in several places.
 

docs/benchmarks.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
 
 But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should have the following in mind.
 

docs/contributing.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ That way, you can edit the documentation/source files and see the changes live.
 And if you run the examples with, e.g.:
 
 ```bash
-uvicorn tutorial001:app --debug
+uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload
 ```
 
 as Uvicorn by default will use the port `8000`, the documentation on port `8008` won't clash.

docs/deployment.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-It is recommended to use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.
+You can use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for deployment. It has several advantages like security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.
 
 In this section you'll see instructions and links to guides to know how to:
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ COPY ./app /app
 
 #### Bigger Applications
 
-If you followed the section about creating <a href="" target="_blank">Bigger Applications with Multiple Files
+If you followed the section about creating <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/" target="_blank">Bigger Applications with Multiple Files
 </a>, your `Dockerfile` might instead look like:
 
 ```Dockerfile
@@ -170,32 +170,33 @@ Now, from a developer's perspective, here are several things to have in mind whi
     * So, the certificate and encryption handling is done before HTTP.
 * TCP doesn't know about "domains". Only about IP addresses.
     * The information about the specific domain requested goes in the HTTP data.
-* The HTTPS certificates "certificate" a certain domain, but the protocol and encryption happen at the TCP level, before knowing which domain is being dealt with.
+* The HTTPS certificates "certify" a certain domain, but the protocol and encryption happen at the TCP level, before knowing which domain is being dealt with.
 * By default, that would mean that you can only have one HTTPS certificate per IP address.
-    * No matter how big is your server and how small each application you have there might be. But...
+    * No matter how big your server is or how small each application you have on it might be.
+    * There is a solution to this, however.
 * There's an extension to the TLS protocol (the one handling the encryption at the TCP level, before HTTP) called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication" target="_blank"><abbr title="Server Name Indication">SNI</abbr></a>.
-    * This SNI extension allows one single server (with a single IP address) to have several HTTPS certificates and server multiple HTTPS domains/applications.
-    * For this to work, a single component (program) running in the server, listening in the public IP address, must have all the HTTPS certificates in the server.
-* After having a secure connection, the communication protocol is the same HTTP.
-    * It goes encrypted, but the encrypted contents are the same HTTP protocol.
+    * This SNI extension allows one single server (with a single IP address) to have several HTTPS certificates and serve multiple HTTPS domains/applications.
+    * For this to work, a single component (program) running on the server, listening on the public IP address, must have all the HTTPS certificates in the server.
+* After obtaining a secure connection, the communication protocol is still HTTP.
+    * The contents are encrypted, even though they are being sent with the HTTP protocol.
 
 
-It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server running in the server (the machine, host, etc) and managing all the HTTPS parts, sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is ofter called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.
+It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server running on the server (the machine, host, etc.) and managing all the HTTPS parts : sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is often called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.
 
 
 ### Let's Encrypt
 
-Up to some years ago, these HTTPS certificates were sold by trusted third-parties.
+Before Let's Encrypt, these HTTPS certificates were sold by trusted third-parties.
 
 The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.
 
 But then <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> was created.
 
-It is a project from the Linux Foundation. It provides HTTPS certificates for free. In an automated way. These certificates use all the standard cryptographic security, and are short lived (about 3 months), so, the security is actually increased, by reducing their lifespan.
+It is a project from the Linux Foundation. It provides HTTPS certificates for free. In an automated way. These certificates use all the standard cryptographic security, and are short lived (about 3 months), so the security is actually better because of their reduced lifespan.
 
-The domain's are securely verified and the certificates are generated automatically. This also allows automatizing the renewal of these certificates.
+The domains are securely verified and the certificates are generated automatically. This also allows automating the renewal of these certificates.
 
-The idea is to automatize the acquisition and renewal of these certificates, so that you can have secure HTTPS, free, forever.
+The idea is to automate the acquisition and renewal of these certificates, so that you can have secure HTTPS, for free, forever.
 
 
 ### Traefik
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ The idea is to automatize the acquisition and renewal of these certificates, so
 
 It has integration with Let's Encrypt. So, it can handle all the HTTPS parts, including certificate acquisition and renewal.
 
-It also has integrations with Docker. So, you can declare your domains in each application configurations and have it read those configurations, generate the HTTPS certificates and serve HTTPS to your application, all automatically. Without requiring any change in its configuration.
+It also has integrations with Docker. So, you can declare your domains in each application configurations and have it read those configurations, generate the HTTPS certificates and serve HTTPS to your application automatically, without requiring any change in its configuration.
 
 ---
 
@@ -230,24 +231,44 @@ It is designed to be integrated with this Docker Swarm cluster with Traefik and
 
 You can generate a project in about 2 min.
 
-The generated project has instructions to deploy it, doing it takes other 2 min.
+The generated project has instructions to deploy it, doing it takes another 2 min.
 
 
 ## Alternatively, deploy **FastAPI** without Docker
 
 You can deploy **FastAPI** directly without Docker too.
 
-You just need to install <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> (or any other ASGI server).
+You just need to install an ASGI compatible server like:
 
-And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--debug` option, e.g.:
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>, a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
+
+```bash
+pip install uvicorn
+```
+
+* <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>, an ASGI server also compatible with HTTP/2.
+
+```bash
+pip install hypercorn
+```
+
+...or any other ASGI server.
+
+And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
 
 ```bash
 uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
 ```
 
+or with Hypercorn:
+
+```bash
+hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
+```
+
 You might want to set up some tooling to make sure it is restarted automatically if it stops.
 
-You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>.
+You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>, or use Hypercorn with multiple workers.
 
 Making sure to fine-tune the number of workers, etc.
 

docs/external-links.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+**FastAPI** has a great community constantly growing.
+
+There are many posts, articles, tools, and projects, related to **FastAPI**.
+
+Here's an incomplete list of some of them.
+
+!!! tip
+    If you have an article, project, tool, or anything related to **FastAPI** that is not yet listed here, create a <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/edit/master/docs/external-links.md" target="_blank">Pull Request adding it</a>.
+
+## Articles
+
+### English
+
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@williamhayes/fastapi-starlette-debug-vs-prod-5f7561db3a59" target="_blank">FastAPI/Starlette debug vs prod</a> by <a href="https://medium.com/@williamhayes" target="_blank">William Hayes</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://medium.com/data-rebels/fastapi-google-as-an-external-authentication-provider-3a527672cf33" target="_blank">FastAPI — Google as an external authentication provider</a> by <a href="https://medium.com/@nils_29588" target="_blank">Nils de Bruin</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://medium.com/data-rebels/fastapi-how-to-add-basic-and-cookie-authentication-a45c85ef47d3" target="_blank">FastAPI — How to add basic and cookie authentication</a> by <a href="https://medium.com/@nils_29588" target="_blank">Nils de Bruin</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://dev.to/errietta/introduction-to-the-fastapi-python-framework-2n10" target="_blank">Introduction to the fastapi python framework</a> by <a href="https://dev.to/errietta" target="_blank">Errieta Kostala</a>.
+
+* <a href="http://nickc1.github.io/api,/scikit-learn/2019/01/10/scikit-fastapi.html" target="_blank">FastAPI and Scikit-Learn: Easily Deploy Models</a> by <a href="http://nickc1.github.io/" target="_blank">Nick Cortale</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://medium.com/data-rebels/fastapi-authentication-revisited-enabling-api-key-authentication-122dc5975680" target="_blank">FastAPI authentication revisited: Enabling API key authentication</a> by <a href="https://medium.com/@nils_29588" target="_blank">Nils de Bruin</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://blog.bartab.fr/fastapi-logging-on-the-fly/" target="_blank">FastAPI, a simple use case on logging</a> by <a href="https://blog.bartab.fr/" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@nico.axtmann95/deploying-a-scikit-learn-model-with-onnx-und-fastapi-1af398268915" target="_blank">Deploying a scikit-learn model with ONNX and FastAPI</a> by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nico-axtmann" target="_blank">Nico Axtmann</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://geekflare.com/python-asynchronous-web-frameworks/" target="_blank">Top 5 Asynchronous Web Frameworks for Python</a> by <a href="https://geekflare.com/author/ankush/" target="_blank">Ankush Thakur</a> on <a href="https://geekflare.com" target="_blank">GeekFlare</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@gntrm/jwt-authentication-with-fastapi-and-aws-cognito-1333f7f2729e" target="_blank">JWT Authentication with FastAPI and AWS Cognito</a> by <a href="https://twitter.com/gntrm" target="_blank">Johannes Gontrum</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-deploy-a-machine-learning-model-dc51200fe8cf" target="_blank">How to Deploy a Machine Learning Model</a> by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mgrootendorst/" target="_blank">Maarten Grootendorst</a> on <a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/" target="_blank">Towards Data Science</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank">Uber: Ludwig v0.2 Adds New Features and Other Improvements to its Deep Learning Toolbox [including a FastAPI server]</a> on <a href="https://eng.uber.com" target="_blank">Uber Engineering</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://gitlab.com/euri10/fastapi_cheatsheet" target="_blank">A FastAPI and Swagger UI visual cheatsheet</a> by <a href="https://gitlab.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>
+
+### Japanese
+
+* <a href="https://qiita.com/mtitg/items/47770e9a562dd150631d" target="_blank">FastAPI｜DB接続してCRUDするPython製APIサーバーを構築</a> by <a href="https://qiita.com/mtitg" target="_blank">@mtitg</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://qiita.com/ryoryomaru/items/59958ed385b3571d50de" target="_blank">python製の最新APIフレームワーク FastAPI を触ってみた</a> by <a href="https://qiita.com/ryoryomaru" target="_blank">@ryoryomaru</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://qiita.com/angel_katayoku/items/0e1f5dbbe62efc612a78" target="_blank">FastAPIでCORSを回避</a> by <a href="https://qiita.com/angel_katayoku" target="_blank">@angel_katayoku</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://qiita.com/angel_katayoku/items/4fbc1a4e2b33fa2237d2" target="_blank">FastAPIをMySQLと接続してDockerで管理してみる</a> by <a href="https://qiita.com/angel_katayoku" target="_blank">@angel_katayoku</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://qiita.com/angel_katayoku/items/8a458a8952f50b73f420" target="_blank">FastAPIでPOSTされたJSONのレスポンスbodyを受け取る</a> by <a href="https://qiita.com/angel_katayoku" target="_blank">@angel_katayoku</a>.
+
+* <a href="https://qiita.com/hikarut/items/b178af2e2440c67c6ac4" target="_blank">フロントエンド開発者向けのDockerによるPython開発環境構築</a> by <a href="https://qiita.com/hikarut" target="_blank">Hikaru Takahashi</a>.
+
+### Chinese
+
+* <a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1431448" target="_blank">使用FastAPI框架快速构建高性能的api服务</a> by <a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/5471722" target="_blank">逍遥散人</a>.
+
+### Vietnamese
+
+* <a href="https://fullstackstation.com/fastapi-trien-khai-bang-docker/" target="_blank">FASTAPI: TRIỂN KHAI BẰNG DOCKER</a> by <a href="https://fullstackstation.com/author/figonking/" target="_blank">Nguyễn Nhân</a>.
+
+### Russian
+
+* <a href="https://habr.com/ru/post/454440/" target="_blank">Мелкая питонячая радость #2: Starlette - Солидная примочка – FastAPI</a> by <a href="https://habr.com/ru/users/57uff3r/" target="_blank">Andrey Korchak</a>.
+
+## Podcasts
+
+* <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">FastAPI on PythonBytes</a> by <a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/" target="_blank">Python Bytes FM</a>.

docs/features.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ from datetime import date
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
-# Declare a variable as an str
+# Declare a variable as a str
 # and get editor support inside the function
 def main(user_id: str):
     return user_id

docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -24,10 +24,19 @@ There you can select "Releases only".
 
 Doing it, you will receive notifications (in your email) whenever there's a new release (a new version) of **FastAPI** with bug fixes and new features.
 
+## Join the chat
+
+<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
+</a>
+
+Join the chat on Gitter: <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+There you can ask quick questions, help others, share ideas, etc.
 
 ## Connect with the author
 
-You can connect with me (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), the author.
+You can connect with <a href="https://tiangolo.com" target="_blank">me (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`)</a>, the author.
 
 You can:
 
@@ -61,10 +70,8 @@ You can let me know:
 
 ## Vote for FastAPI
 
-You can vote to include FastAPI in several "awesome lists":
-
 * <a href="https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/pull/1209" target="_blank">Vote to include **FastAPI** in `awesome-python`</a>.
-* <a href="https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio/pull/43" target="_blank">Vote to include **FastAPI** in `awesome-asyncio`</a>.
+* <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
 
 ## Help others with issues in GitHub
 

docs/index.md

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/fastapi.svg" alt="Package version">
 </a>
+<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
+</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -31,15 +34,48 @@ The key features are:
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
 
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300% *.
-* **Less bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
-* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Less bugs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
 * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
 
+## Opinions
+
+"*[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]*"
+
+"*We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
 
 ## Requirements
 
@@ -54,13 +90,13 @@ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 ## Installation
 
 ```bash
-$ pip install fastapi
+pip install fastapi
 ```
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">uvicorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 ```bash
-$ pip install uvicorn
+pip install uvicorn
 ```
 
 ## Example
@@ -116,17 +152,17 @@ If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fast
 Run the server with:
 
 ```bash
-uvicorn main:app --debug
+uvicorn main:app --reload
 ```
 
 <details markdown="1">
-<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --debug</code>...</summary>
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
 
 The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
 
 * `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
 * `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
-* `--debug`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -195,11 +231,11 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
 
 
 @app.put("/items/{item_id}")
-def create_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
     return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
 ```
 
-The server should reload automatically (because you added `--debug` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).
 
 ### Interactive API docs upgrade
 

docs/python-types.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ John Doe
 
 The function does the following: 
 
-* Takes a `fist_name` and `last_name`.
+* Takes a `first_name` and `last_name`.
 * Converts the first letter of each one to upper case with `title()`.
 * <abbr title="Puts them together, as one. With the contents of one after the other.">Concatenates</abbr> them with a space in the middle.
 

docs/release-notes.md

@@ -1,97 +1,626 @@
-## Next
+## Latest changes
+
+## 0.44.0
+
+* Add GitHub action [Issue Manager](https://github.com/tiangolo/issue-manager). PR [#742](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/742).
+* Fix typos in docs. PR [734](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/734) by [@bundabrg](https://github.com/bundabrg).
+* Fix usage of `custom_encoder` in `jsonable_encoder`. PR [#715](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/715) by [@matrixise](https://github.com/matrixise).
+* Fix invalid XML example. PR [710](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/710) by [@OcasoProtal](https://github.com/OcasoProtal).
+* Fix typos and update wording in deployment docs. PR [#700](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/700) by [@marier-nico](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/700).
+* Add note about dependencies in `APIRouter` docs. PR [#698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/698) by [@marier-nico](https://github.com/marier-nico).
+* Add support for async class methods as dependencies [#681](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/681) by [@frankie567](https://github.com/frankie567).
+* Add FastAPI with Swagger UI cheatsheet to external links. PR [#671](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/671) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+* Fix typo in HTTP protocol in CORS example. PR [#647](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/647) by [@forestmonster](https://github.com/forestmonster).
+* Add support for Pydantic versions `1.0.0` and above, with temporary (deprecated) backwards compatibility for Pydantic `0.32.2`. PR [#646](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/646) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+## 0.43.0
+
+* Update docs to reduce gender bias. PR [#645](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/645) by [@ticosax](https://github.com/ticosax).
+* Add docs about [overriding the `operationId` for all the *path operations*](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#using-the-path-operation-function-name-as-the-operationid) based on their function name. PR [#642](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/642) by [@SKalt](https://github.com/SKalt).
+* Fix validators in models generating an incorrect key order. PR [#637](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/637) by [@jaddison](https://github.com/jaddison).
+* Generate correct OpenAPI docs for responses with no content. PR [#621](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/621) by [@brotskydotcom](https://github.com/brotskydotcom).
+* Remove `$` from Bash code blocks in docs for consistency. PR [#613](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/613) by [@nstapelbroek](https://github.com/nstapelbroek).
+* Add docs for [self-serving docs' (Swagger UI) static assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extending-openapi/#self-hosting-javascript-and-css-for-docs), e.g. to use the docs offline, or without Internet. Initial PR [#557](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/557) by [@svalouch](https://github.com/svalouch).
+* Fix `black` linting after upgrade. PR [#682](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/682) by [@frankie567](https://github.com/frankie567).
+
+## 0.42.0
+
+* Add dependencies with `yield`, a.k.a. exit steps, context managers, cleanup, teardown, ...
+    * This allows adding extra code after a dependency is done. It can be used, for example, to close database connections.
+    * Dependencies with `yield` can be normal or `async`, **FastAPI** will run normal dependencies in a threadpool.
+    * They can be combined with normal dependencies.
+    * It's possible to have arbitrary trees/levels of dependencies with `yield` and exit steps are handled in the correct order automatically.
+    * It works by default in Python 3.7 or above. For Python 3.6, it requires the extra backport dependencies:
+        * `async-exit-stack`
+        * `async-generator`
+    * New docs at [Dependencies with `yield`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/).
+    * Updated database docs [SQL (Relational) Databases: Main **FastAPI** app](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/#main-fastapi-app).
+    * PR [#595](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/595).
+* Fix `sitemap.xml` in website. PR [#598](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/598) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin).
+
+## 0.41.0
+
+* Upgrade required Starlette to `0.12.9`, the new range is `>=0.12.9,<=0.12.9`.
+    * Add `State` to FastAPI apps at `app.state`.
+    * PR [#593](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/593).
+* Improve handling of custom classes for `Request`s and `APIRoute`s.
+    * This helps to more easily solve use cases like:
+        * Reading a body before and/or after a request (equivalent to a middleware).
+        * Run middleware-like code only for a subset of *path operations*.
+        * Process a request before passing it to a *path operation function*. E.g. decompressing, deserializing, etc.
+        * Processing a response after being generated by *path operation functions* but before returning it. E.g. adding custom headers, logging, adding extra metadata.
+    * New docs section: [Custom Request and APIRoute class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-request-and-route/).
+    * PR [#589](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/589) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Fix preserving custom route class in routers when including other sub-routers. PR [#538](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/538) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+## 0.40.0
+
+* Add notes to docs about installing `python-multipart` when using forms. PR [#574](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/574) by [@sliptonic](https://github.com/sliptonic).
+* Generate OpenAPI schemas in alphabetical order. PR [#554](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/554) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Add support for truncating docstrings from *path operation functions*.
+    * New docs at [Advanced description from docstring](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#advanced-description-from-docstring).
+    * PR [#556](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/556) by [@svalouch](https://github.com/svalouch).
+* Fix `DOCTYPE` in HTML files generated for Swagger UI and ReDoc. PR [#537](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/537) by [@Trim21](https://github.com/Trim21).
+* Fix handling `4XX` responses overriding default `422` validation error responses. PR [#517](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/517) by [@tsouvarev](https://github.com/tsouvarev).
+* Fix typo in documentation for [Simple HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/http-basic-auth/#simple-http-basic-auth). PR [#514](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/514) by [@prostomarkeloff](https://github.com/prostomarkeloff).
+* Fix incorrect documentation example in [first steps](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/first-steps/). PR [#511](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/511) by [@IgnatovFedor](https://github.com/IgnatovFedor).
+* Add support for Swagger UI [initOauth](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/master/docs/usage/oauth2.md) settings with the parameter `swagger_ui_init_oauth`. PR [#499](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/499) by [@zamiramir](https://github.com/zamiramir).
+
+## 0.39.0
+
+* Allow path parameters to have default values (e.g. `None`) and discard them instead of raising an error.
+    * This allows declaring a parameter like `user_id: str = None` that can be taken from a query parameter, but the same path operation can be included in a router with a path `/users/{user_id}`, in which case will be taken from the path and will be required.
+    * PR [#464](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/464) by [@jonathanunderwood](https://github.com/jonathanunderwood).
+* Add support for setting a `default_response_class` in the `FastAPI` instance or in `include_router`. Initial PR [#467](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/467) by [@toppk](https://github.com/toppk).
+* Add support for type annotations using strings and `from __future__ import annotations`. PR [#451](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/451) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+## 0.38.1
+
+* Fix incorrect `Request` class import. PR [#493](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/493) by [@kamalgill](https://github.com/kamalgill).
+
+## 0.38.0
+
+* Add recent articles to [External Links](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/external-links/) and recent opinions. PR [#490](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/490).
+* Upgrade support range for Starlette to include `0.12.8`. The new range is `>=0.11.1,<=0.12.8"`. PR [#477](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/477) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Upgrade support to Pydantic version 0.32.2 and update internal code to use it (breaking change). PR [#463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/463) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+## 0.37.0
+
+* Add support for custom route classes for advanced use cases. PR [#468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/468) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Allow disabling Google fonts in ReDoc. PR [#481](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/481) by [@b1-luettje](https://github.com/b1-luettje).
+* Fix security issue: when returning a sub-class of a response model and using `skip_defaults` it could leak information. PR [#485](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/485) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Enable tests for Python 3.8-dev. PR [#465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/465) by [@Jamim](https://github.com/Jamim).
+* Add support and tests for Pydantic dataclasses in `response_model`. PR [#454](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/454) by [@dconathan](https://github.com/dconathan).
+* Fix typo in OAuth2 JWT tutorial. PR [#447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/447) by [@pablogamboa](https://github.com/pablogamboa).
+* Use the `media_type` parameter in `Body()` params to set the media type in OpenAPI for `requestBody`. PR [#439](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/439) by [@divums](https://github.com/divums).
+* Add article [Deploying a scikit-learn model with ONNX and FastAPI](https://medium.com/@nico.axtmann95/deploying-a-scikit-learn-model-with-onnx-und-fastapi-1af398268915) by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/nico-axtmann](Nico Axtmann). PR [#438](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/438) by [@naxty](https://github.com/naxty).
+* Allow setting custom `422` (validation error) response/schema in OpenAPI.
+    * And use media type from response class instead of fixed `application/json` (the default).
+    * PR [#437](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/437) by [@divums](https://github.com/divums).
+* Fix using `"default"` extra response with status codes at the same time. PR [#489](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/489).
+* Allow additional responses to use status code ranges (like `5XX` and `4XX`) and `"default"`. PR [#435](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/435) by [@divums](https://github.com/divums).
+
+## 0.36.0
+
+* Fix implementation for `skip_defaults` when returning a Pydantic model. PR [#422](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/422) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Fix OpenAPI generation when using the same dependency in multiple places for the same *path operation*. PR [#417](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/417) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+* Allow having empty paths in *path operations* used with `include_router` and a `prefix`.
+    * This allows having a router for `/cats` and all its *path operations*, while having one of them for `/cats`.
+    * Now it doesn't have to be only `/cats/` (with a trailing slash).
+    * To use it, declare the path in the *path operation* as the empty string (`""`).
+    * PR [#415](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/415) by [@vitalik](https://github.com/vitalik).
+* Fix mypy error after merging PR #415. PR [#462](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/462).
+
+## 0.35.0
+
+* Fix typo in routing `assert`. PR [#419](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/419) by [@pablogamboa](https://github.com/pablogamboa).
+* Fix typo in docs. PR [#411](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/411) by [@bronsen](https://github.com/bronsen).
+* Fix parsing a body type declared with `Union`. PR [#400](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/400) by [@koxudaxi](https://github.com/koxudaxi).
+
+## 0.34.0
+
+* Upgrade Starlette supported range to include the latest `0.12.7`. The new range is `0.11.1,<=0.12.7`. PR [#367](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/367) by [@dedsm](https://github.com/dedsm).
+
+* Add test for OpenAPI schema with duplicate models from PR [#333](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/333) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu). PR [#385](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/385).
+
+## 0.33.0
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic version to `0.30.0`. PR [#384](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/384) by [@jekirl](https://github.com/jekirl).
+
+## 0.32.0
+
+* Fix typo in docs for features. PR [#380](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/380) by [@MartinoMensio](https://github.com/MartinoMensio).
+
+* Fix source code `limit` for example in [Query Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/). PR [#366](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/366) by [@Smashman](https://github.com/Smashman).
+
+* Update wording in docs about [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/). PR [#371](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/371) by [@cjw296](https://github.com/cjw296).
+
+* Update docs for `Enum`s to inherit from `str` and improve Swagger UI rendering. PR [#351](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/351).
+
+* Fix regression, add Swagger UI deep linking again. PR [#350](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/350).
+
+* Add test for having path templates in `prefix` of `.include_router`. PR [#349](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/349).
+
+* Add note to docs: [Include the same router multiple times with different `prefix`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-the-same-router-multiple-times-with-different-prefix). PR [#348](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/348).
+
+* Fix OpenAPI/JSON Schema generation for two functions with the same name (in different modules) with the same composite bodies.
+    * Composite bodies' IDs are now based on path, not only on route name, as the auto-generated name uses the function names, that can be duplicated in different modules.
+    * The same new ID generation applies to response models.
+    * This also changes the generated title for those models.
+    * Only composite bodies and response models are affected because those are generated dynamically, they don't have a module (a Python file).
+    * This also adds the possibility of using `.include_router()` with the same `APIRouter` *multiple*  times, with different prefixes, e.g. `/api/v2` and `/api/latest`, and it will now work correctly.
+    * PR [#347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/347).
+
+## 0.31.0
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic supported version to `0.29.0`.
+    * New supported version range is `"pydantic >=0.28,<=0.29.0"`.
+    * This adds support for Pydantic [Generic Models](https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#generic-models), kudos to [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+    * PR [#344](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/344).
+
+## 0.30.1
+
+* Add section in docs about [External Links and Articles](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/external-links/). PR [#341](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/341).
+
+* Remove `Pipfile.lock` from the repository as it is only used by FastAPI contributors (developers of FastAPI itself). See the PR for more details. PR [#340](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/340).
+
+* Update section about [Help FastAPI - Get Help](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/). PR [#339](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/339).
+
+* Refine internal type declarations to improve/remove Mypy errors in users' code. PR [#338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/338).
+
+* Update and clarify [SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/). PR [#331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/331) by [@mariacamilagl](https://github.com/mariacamilagl).
+
+* Add SQLite [online viewers to the docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/#interact-with-the-database-directly). PR [#330](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/330) by [@cyrilbois](https://github.com/cyrilbois).
+
+## 0.30.0
+
+* Add support for Pydantic's ORM mode:
+    * Updated documentation about SQL with SQLAlchemy, using Pydantic models with ORM mode, SQLAlchemy models with relations, separation of files, simplification of code and other changes. New docs: [SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/).
+    * The new support for ORM mode fixes issues/adds features related to ORMs with lazy-loading, hybrid properties, dynamic/getters (using `@property` decorators) and several other use cases.
+    * This applies to ORMs like SQLAlchemy, Peewee, Tortoise ORM, GINO ORM and virtually any other.
+    * If your *path operations* return an arbitrary object with attributes (e.g. `my_item.name` instead of `my_item["name"]`) AND you use a `response_model`, make sure to update the Pydantic models with `orm_mode = True` as described in the docs (link above).
+    * New documentation about receiving plain `dict`s as request bodies: [Bodies of arbitrary `dict`s](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-nested-models/#bodies-of-arbitrary-dicts).
+    * New documentation about returning arbitrary `dict`s in responses: [Response with arbitrary `dict`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extra-models/#response-with-arbitrary-dict).
+    * **Technical Details**:
+        * When declaring a `response_model` it is used directly to generate the response content, from whatever was returned from the *path operation function*.
+        * Before this, the return content was first passed through `jsonable_encoder` to ensure it was a "jsonable" object, like a `dict`, instead of an arbitrary object with attributes (like an ORM model). That's why you should make sure to update your Pydantic models for objects with attributes to use `orm_mode = True`.
+        * If you don't have a `response_model`, the return object will still be passed through `jsonable_encoder` first.
+        * When a `response_model` is declared, the same `response_model` type declaration won't be used as is, it will be "cloned" to create an new one (a cloned Pydantic `Field` with all the submodels cloned as well).
+        * This avoids/fixes a potential security issue: as the returned object is passed directly to Pydantic, if the returned object was a subclass of the `response_model` (e.g. you return a `UserInDB` that inherits from `User` but contains extra fields, like `hashed_password`, and `User` is used in the `response_model`), it would still pass the validation (because `UserInDB` is a subclass of `User`) and the object would be returned as-is, including the `hashed_password`. To fix this, the declared `response_model` is cloned, if it is a Pydantic model class (or contains Pydantic model classes in it, e.g. in a `List[Item]`), the Pydantic model class(es) will be a different one (the "cloned" one). So, an object that is a subclass won't simply pass the validation and returned as-is, because it is no longer a sub-class of the cloned `response_model`. Instead, a new Pydantic model object will be created with the contents of the returned object. So, it will be a new object (made with the data from the returned one), and will be filtered by the cloned `response_model`, containing only the declared fields as normally.
+    * PR [#322](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/322).
+
+* Remove/clean unused RegEx code in routing. PR [#314](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/314) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+* Use default response status code descriptions for additional responses. PR [#313](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/313) by [@duxiaoyao](https://github.com/duxiaoyao).
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic support to `0.28`. PR [#320](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/320) by [@jekirl](https://github.com/jekirl).
+
+## 0.29.1
+
+* Fix handling an empty-body request with a required body param. PR [#311](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/311).
+
+* Fix broken link in docs: [Return a Response directly](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-directly/). PR [#306](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/306) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+* Fix docs discrepancy in docs for [Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). PR [#288](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/288) by [@awiddersheim](https://github.com/awiddersheim).
+
+## 0.29.0
+
+* Add support for declaring a `Response` parameter:
+    * This allows declaring:
+        * [Response Cookies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-cookies/).
+        * [Response Headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-headers/).
+        * An HTTP Status Code different than the default: [Response - Change Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-change-status-code/).
+    * All of this while still being able to return arbitrary objects (`dict`, DB model, etc).
+    * Update attribution to Hug, for inspiring the `response` parameter pattern.
+    * PR [#294](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/294).
+
+## 0.28.0
+
+* Implement dependency cache per request.
+    * This avoids calling each dependency multiple times for the same request.
+    * This is useful while calling external services, performing costly computation, etc.
+    * This also means that if a dependency was declared as a *path operation decorator* dependency, possibly at the router level (with `.include_router()`) and then it is declared again in a specific *path operation*, the dependency will be called only once.
+    * The cache can be disabled per dependency declaration, using `use_cache=False` as in `Depends(your_dependency, use_cache=False)`.
+    * Updated docs at: [Using the same dependency multiple times](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies/#using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times).
+    * PR [#292](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/292).
+
+* Implement dependency overrides for testing.
+    * This allows using overrides/mocks of dependencies during tests.
+    * New docs: [Testing Dependencies with Overrides](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing-dependencies/).
+    * PR [#291](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/291).
+
+## 0.27.2
+
+* Fix path and query parameters receiving `dict` as a valid type. It should be mapped to a body payload. PR [#287](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/287). Updated docs at: [Query parameter list / multiple values with defaults: Using `list`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#using-list).
+
+## 0.27.1
+
+* Fix `auto_error=False` handling in `HTTPBearer` security scheme. Do not `raise` when there's an incorrect `Authorization` header if `auto_error=False`. PR [#282](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/282).
+
+* Fix type declaration of `HTTPException`. PR [#279](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/279).
+
+## 0.27.0
+
+* Fix broken link in docs about OAuth 2.0 with scopes. PR [#275](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/275) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu).
+
+* Refactor param extraction using Pydantic `Field`:
+    * Large refactor, improvement, and simplification of param extraction from *path operations*.
+    * Fix/add support for list *query parameters* with list defaults. New documentation: [Query parameter list / multiple values with defaults](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#query-parameter-list-multiple-values-with-defaults).
+    * Add support for enumerations in *path operation* parameters. New documentation: [Path Parameters: Predefined values](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#predefined-values).
+    * Add support for type annotations using `Optional` as in `param: Optional[str] = None`. New documentation: [Optional type declarations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/#optional-type-declarations).
+    * PR [#278](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/278).
+
+## 0.26.0
+
+* Separate error handling for validation errors.
+    * This will allow developers to customize the exception handlers.
+    * Document better how to handle exceptions and use error handlers.
+    * Include `RequestValidationError` and `WebSocketRequestValidationError` (this last one will be useful once [encode/starlette#527](https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527) or equivalent is merged).
+    * New documentation about exceptions handlers:
+        * [Install custom exception handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#install-custom-exception-handlers).
+        * [Override the default exception handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#override-the-default-exception-handlers).
+        * [Re-use **FastAPI's** exception handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#re-use-fastapis-exception-handlers).
+    * PR [#273](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/273).
+
+* Fix support for *paths* in *path parameters* without needing explicit `Path(...)`.
+    * PR [#256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/256).
+    * Documented in PR [#272](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/272) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).
+    * New documentation at: [Path Parameters containing paths](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#path-parameters-containing-paths).
+
+* Update docs for testing FastAPI. Include using `POST`, sending JSON, testing headers, etc. New documentation: [Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/#testing-extended-example). PR [#271](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/271).
+
+* Fix type declaration of `response_model` to allow generic Python types as `List[Model]`. Mainly to fix `mypy` for users. PR [#266](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/266).
+
+## 0.25.0
+
+* Add support for Pydantic's `include`, `exclude`, `by_alias`.
+    * Update documentation: [Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+    * Add docs for: [Body - updates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-updates/), using Pydantic's `skip_defaults`.
+    * Add method consistency tests.
+    * PR [#264](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/264).
+
+* Add `CONTRIBUTING.md` file to GitHub, to help new contributors. PR [#255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/255) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).
+
+* Add support for Pydantic's `skip_defaults`:
+    * There's a new *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model_skip_defaults`.
+        * The name of the parameter will most probably change in a future version to `response_skip_defaults`, `model_skip_defaults` or something similar.
+    * New [documentation section about using `response_model_skip_defaults`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response-model-encoding-parameters).
+    * PR [#248](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/248) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).
+
+## 0.24.0
+
+* Add support for WebSockets with dependencies and parameters.
+    * Support included for:
+        * `Depends`
+        * `Security`
+        * `Cookie`
+        * `Header`
+        * `Path`
+        * `Query`
+        * ...as these are compatible with the WebSockets protocol (e.g. `Body` is not).
+    * [Updated documentation for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/).
+    * PR [#178](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/178) by [@jekirl](https://github.com/jekirl).
+
+* Upgrade the compatible version of Pydantic to `0.26.0`.
+    * This includes JSON Schema support for IP address and network objects, bug fixes, and other features.
+    * PR [#247](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/247) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+## 0.23.0
+
+* Upgrade the compatible version of Starlette to `0.12.0`.
+    * This includes support for ASGI 3 (the latest version of the standard).
+    * It's now possible to use [Starlette's `StreamingResponse`](https://www.starlette.io/responses/#streamingresponse) with iterators, like [file-like](https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object) objects (as those returned by `open()`).
+    * It's now possible to use the low level utility `iterate_in_threadpool` from `starlette.concurrency` (for advanced scenarios).
+    * PR [#243](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/243).
+
+* Add OAuth2 redirect page for Swagger UI. This allows having delegated authentication in the Swagger UI docs. For this to work, you need to add `{your_origin}/docs/oauth2-redirect` to the allowed callbacks in your OAuth2 provider (in Auth0, Facebook, Google, etc).
+    * For example, during development, it could be `http://localhost:8000/docs/oauth2-redirect`.
+    * Have in mind that this callback URL is independent of whichever one is used by your frontend. You might also have another callback at `https://yourdomain.com/login/callback`.
+    * This is only to allow delegated authentication in the API docs with Swagger UI.
+    * PR [#198](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/198) by [@steinitzu](https://github.com/steinitzu).
+
+* Make Swagger UI and ReDoc route handlers (*path operations*) be `async` functions instead of lambdas to improve performance. PR [#241](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/241) by [@Trim21](https://github.com/Trim21).
+
+* Make Swagger UI and ReDoc URLs parameterizable, allowing to host and serve local versions of them and have offline docs. PR [#112](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/112) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+## 0.22.0
+
+* Add support for `dependencies` parameter:
+    * A parameter in *path operation decorators*, for dependencies that should be executed but the return value is not important or not used in the *path operation function*.
+    * A parameter in the `.include_router()` method of FastAPI applications and routers, to include dependencies that should be executed in each *path operation* in a router.
+        * This is useful, for example, to require authentication or permissions in specific group of *path operations*.
+        * Different `dependencies` can be applied to different routers.
+    * These `dependencies` are run before the normal parameter dependencies. And normal dependencies are run too. They can be combined.
+    * Dependencies declared in a router are executed first, then the ones defined in *path operation decorators*, and then the ones declared in normal parameters. They are all combined and executed.
+    * All this also supports using `Security` with `scopes` in those `dependencies` parameters, for more advanced OAuth 2.0 security scenarios with scopes.
+    * New documentation about [dependencies in *path operation decorators*](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+    * New documentation about [dependencies in the `include_router()` method](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+    * PR [#235](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/235).
+
+* Fix OpenAPI documentation of Starlette URL convertors. Specially useful when using `path` convertors, to take a whole path as a parameter, like `/some/url/{p:path}`. PR [#234](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/234) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Make default parameter utilities exported from `fastapi` be functions instead of classes (the new functions return instances of those classes). To be able to override the return types and fix `mypy` errors in FastAPI's users' code. Applies to `Path`, `Query`, `Header`, `Cookie`, `Body`, `Form`, `File`, `Depends`, and `Security`. PR [#226](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/226) and PR [#231](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/231).
+
+* Separate development scripts `test.sh`, `lint.sh`, and `format.sh`. PR [#232](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/232).
+
+* Re-enable `black` formatting checks for Python 3.7. PR [#229](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/229) by [@zamiramir](https://github.com/zamiramir).
+
+## 0.21.0
+
+* On body parsing errors, raise `from` previous exception, to allow better introspection in logging code. PR [#192](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/195) by [@ricardomomm](https://github.com/ricardomomm).
+
+* Use Python logger named "`fastapi`" instead of root logger. PR [#222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/222) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic to version 0.25. PR [#225](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/225) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Fix typo in routing. PR [#221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/221) by [@djlambert](https://github.com/djlambert).
+
+## 0.20.1
+
+* Add typing information to package including file `py.typed`. PR [#209](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/209) by [@meadsteve](https://github.com/meadsteve).
+
+* Add FastAPI bot for Gitter. To automatically announce new releases. PR [#189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/189).
+
+## 0.20.0
+
+* Upgrade OAuth2:
+    * Upgrade Password flow using Bearer tokens to use the correct HTTP status code 401 `UNAUTHORIZED`, with `WWW-Authenticate` headers.
+    * Update, simplify, and improve all the [security docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/intro/).
+    * Add new `scope_str` to `SecurityScopes` and update docs: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    * Update docs, images, tests.
+    * PR [#188](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/188).
+
+* Include [Hypercorn](https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn) as an alternative ASGI server in the docs. PR [#187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/187).
+
+* Add docs for [Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/) and [Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/templates/). PR [#186](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/186).
+
+* Add docs for handling [Response Cookies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-cookies/) and [Response Headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-headers/). PR [#185](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/185).
+
+* Fix typos in docs. PR [#176](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/176) by [@chdsbd](https://github.com/chdsbd).
+
+## 0.19.0
+
+* Rename _path operation decorator_ parameter `content_type` to `response_class`. PR [#183](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/183).
+
+* Add docs:
+    * How to use the `jsonable_encoder` in [JSON compatible encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/).
+    * How to [Return a Response directly](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-directly/).
+    * Update how to use a [Custom Response Class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-response/).
+    * PR [#184](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/184).
+
+## 0.18.0
+
+* Add docs for [HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-response/). PR [#177](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/177).
+
+* Upgrade HTTP Basic Auth handling with automatic headers (automatic browser login prompt). PR [#175](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/175).
+
+* Update dependencies for security. PR [#174](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/174).
+
+* Add docs for [Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/). PR [#173](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/173).
+
+## 0.17.0
+
+* Make Flit publish from CI. PR [#170](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/170).
+
+* Add documentation about handling [CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/cors/). PR [#169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/169).
+
+* By default, encode by alias. This allows using Pydantic `alias` parameters working by default. PR [#168](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/168).
+
+## 0.16.0
+
+* Upgrade _path operation_ `doctsring` parsing to support proper Markdown descriptions. New documentation at [Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#description-from-docstring). PR [#163](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/163).
+
+* Refactor internal usage of Pydantic to use correct data types. PR [#164](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/164).
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic to version `0.23`. PR [#160](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/160) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Fix typo in Tutorial about Extra Models. PR [#159](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/159) by [@danielmichaels](https://github.com/danielmichaels).
+
+* Fix [Query Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/) URL examples in docs. PR [#157](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/157) by [@hayata-yamamoto](https://github.com/hayata-yamamoto).
+
+## 0.15.0
+
+* Add support for multiple file uploads (as a single form field). New docs at: [Multiple file uploads](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#multiple-file-uploads). PR [#158](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/158).
+
+* Add docs for: [Additional Status Codes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-status-codes/). PR [#156](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/156).
+
+## 0.14.0
+
+* Improve automatically generated names of path operations in OpenAPI (in API docs). A function `read_items` instead of having a generated name "Read Items Get" will have "Read Items". PR [#155](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/155).
+
+* Add docs for: [Testing **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/). PR [#151](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/151).
+
+* Update `/docs` Swagger UI to enable deep linking. This allows sharing the URL pointing directly to the path operation documentation in the docs. PR [#148](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/148) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).
+
+* Update development dependencies, `Pipfile.lock`. PR [#150](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/150).
+
+* Include Falcon and Hug in: [Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/alternatives/).
+
+## 0.13.0
+
+* Improve/upgrade OAuth2 scopes support with `SecurityScopes`:
+    * `SecurityScopes` can be declared as a parameter like `Request`, to get the scopes of all super-dependencies/dependants.
+    * Improve `Security` handling, merging scopes when declaring `SecurityScopes`.
+    * Allow using `SecurityBase` (like `OAuth2`) classes with `Depends` and still document them. `Security` now is needed only to declare `scopes`.
+    * Updated docs about: [OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt/).
+    * New docs about: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    * PR [#141](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/141).
+
+## 0.12.1
+
+* Fix bug: handling additional `responses` in `APIRouter.include_router()`. PR [#140](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/140).
+
+* Fix typo in SQL tutorial. PR [#138](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/138) by [@mostaphaRoudsari](https://github.com/mostaphaRoudsari).
+
+* Fix typos in section about nested models and OAuth2 with JWT. PR [#127](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/127) by [@mmcloud](https://github.com/mmcloud).
+
+## 0.12.0
+
+* Add additional `responses` parameter to _path operation decorators_ to extend responses in OpenAPI (and API docs).
+    * It also allows extending existing responses generated from `response_model`, declare other media types (like images), etc.
+    * The new documentation is here: [Additional Responses](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-responses/).
+    * `responses` can also be added to `.include_router()`, the updated docs are here: [Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#add-some-custom-tags-and-responses).
+    * PR [#97](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/97) originally initiated by [@barsi](https://github.com/barsi).
+* Update `scripts/test-cov-html.sh` to allow passing extra parameters like `-vv`, for development.
+
+## 0.11.0
+
+* Add `auto_error` parameter to security utility functions. Allowing them to be optional. Also allowing to have multiple alternative security schemes that are then checked in a single dependency instead of each one verifying and returning the error to the client automatically when not satisfied. PR [#134](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/134).
+
+* Update [SQL Tutorial](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/#create-a-middleware-to-handle-sessions) to close database sessions even when there are exceptions. PR [#89](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/89) by [@alexiri](https://github.com/alexiri).
+
+* Fix duplicate dependency in `pyproject.toml`. PR [#128](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/128) by [@zxalif](https://github.com/zxalif).
+
+## 0.10.3
+
+* Add Gitter chat, badge, links, etc. [https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi](https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi) . PR [#117](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/117).
+
+* Add docs about [Extending OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extending-openapi/). PR [#126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/126).
+
+* Make Travis run Ubuntu Xenial (newer version) and Python 3.7 instead of Python 3.7-dev. PR [#92](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/92) by [@blueyed](https://github.com/blueyed).
+
+* Fix duplicated param variable creation. PR [#123](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/123) by [@yihuang](https://github.com/yihuang).
+
+* Add note in [Response Model docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/) about why using a function parameter instead of a function return type annotation. PR [#109](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/109) by [@JHSaunders](https://github.com/JHSaunders).
+
+* Fix event docs (startup/shutdown) function name. PR [#105](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/105) by [@stratosgear](https://github.com/stratosgear).
+
+## 0.10.2
+
+* Fix OpenAPI (JSON Schema) for declarations of Python `Union` (JSON Schema `additionalProperties`). PR [#121](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/121).
+
+* Update [Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/) with a note on Celery.
+
+* Document response models using unions and lists, updated at: [Extra Models](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extra-models/). PR [#108](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/108).
+
+## 0.10.1
+
+* Add docs and tests for [encode/databases](https://github.com/encode/databases). New docs at: [Async SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/async-sql-databases/). PR [#107](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/107).
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+* Add support for Background Tasks in _path operation functions_ and dependencies. New documentation about [Background Tasks is here](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/). PR [#103](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/103).
+
+* Add support for `.websocket_route()` in `APIRouter`. PR [#100](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/100) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* New docs section about [Events: startup - shutdown](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/events/). PR [#99](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/99).
+
+## 0.9.1
+
+* Document receiving [Multiple values with the same query parameter](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#query-parameter-list-multiple-values) and [Duplicate headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#duplicate-headers). PR [#95](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/95).
+
+## 0.9.0
+
+* Upgrade compatible Pydantic version to `0.21.0`. PR [#90](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/90).
+
+* Add documentation for: [Application Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/application-configuration/).
+
+* Fix typo in docs. PR [#76](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/76) by [@matthewhegarty](https://github.com/matthewhegarty).
+
+* Fix link in "Deployment" to "Bigger Applications".
+
+## 0.8.0
+
+* Make development scripts executable. PR [#76](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/76) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Add support for adding `tags` in `app.include_router()`. PR [#55](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/55) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10). Documentation updated in the section: [Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+* Update docs related to Uvicorn to use new `--reload` option from version `0.5.x`. PR [#74](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/74).
+
+* Update `isort` imports and scripts to be compatible with newer versions. PR [#75](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/75).
 
 ## 0.7.1
 
-* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#path-operation-functions" target="_blank">technical details about `async def` handling</a> with respect to previous frameworks. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/64" target="_blank">#64</a> by <a href="https://github.com/haizaar" target="_blank">@haizaar</a>.
+* Update [technical details about `async def` handling](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#path-operation-functions) with respect to previous frameworks. PR [#64](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/64) by [@haizaar](https://github.com/haizaar).
 
-* Add <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#raspberry-pi-and-other-architectures" target="_blank">deployment documentation for Docker in Raspberry Pi</a> and other architectures.
+* Add [deployment documentation for Docker in Raspberry Pi](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#raspberry-pi-and-other-architectures) and other architectures.
 
-* Trigger Docker images build on Travis CI automatically. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/65" target="_blank">#65</a>.
+* Trigger Docker images build on Travis CI automatically. PR [#65](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/65).
 
 ## 0.7.0
 
 * Add support for `UploadFile` in `File` parameter annotations.
     * This includes a file-like interface.
-    * Here's the updated documentation for declaring <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#file-parameters-with-uploadfile" target="_blank"> `File` parameters with `UploadFile`</a>.
-    * And here's the updated documentation for using <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-forms-and-files/" target="_blank">`Form` parameters mixed with `File` parameters, supporting `bytes` and `UploadFile`</a> at the same time.
-    * PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/63" target="_blank">#63</a>.
+    * Here's the updated documentation for declaring [`File` parameters with `UploadFile`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#file-parameters-with-uploadfile).
+    * And here's the updated documentation for using [`Form` parameters mixed with `File` parameters, supporting `bytes` and `UploadFile`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-forms-and-files/) at the same time.
+    * PR [#63](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/63).
 
 ## 0.6.4
 
-* Add <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#very-technical-details" target="_blank">technical details about `async def` handling to docs</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/61" target="_blank">#61</a>.
+* Add [technical details about `async def` handling to docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#very-technical-details). PR [#61](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/61).
 
-* Add docs for <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/debugging/" target="_blank">Debugging FastAPI applications in editors</a>.
+* Add docs for [Debugging FastAPI applications in editors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/debugging/).
 
-* Clarify <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#bigger-applications" target="_blank">Bigger Applications deployed with Docker</a>.
+* Clarify [Bigger Applications deployed with Docker](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#bigger-applications).
 
 * Fix typos in docs.
 
-* Add section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/history-design-future/" target="_blank">History, Design and Future</a>.
+* Add section about [History, Design and Future](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/history-design-future/).
 
-* Add docs for using <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/" target="_blank">WebSockets with **FastAPI**</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/62" target="_blank">#62</a>.
+* Add docs for using [WebSockets with **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/). PR [#62](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/62).
 
 ## 0.6.3
 
-* Add Favicons to docs. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/53" target="_blank">#53</a>.
+* Add Favicons to docs. PR [#53](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/53).
 
 ## 0.6.2
 
-* Introduce new project generator based on FastAPI and PostgreSQL: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52" target="_blank">#52</a>.
+* Introduce new project generator based on FastAPI and PostgreSQL: [https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql](https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql). PR [#52](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52).
 
-* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy, using `Depends` to improve editor support and reduce code repetition</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52" target="_blank">#52</a>.
+* Update [SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy, using `Depends` to improve editor support and reduce code repetition](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/). PR [#52](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52).
 
-* Improve middleware naming in tutorial for SQL with SQLAlchemy <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/</a>.
+* Improve middleware naming in tutorial for SQL with SQLAlchemy [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/).
 
 ## 0.6.1
 
-* Add docs for GraphQL: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/48" target="_blank">#48</a>.
+* Add docs for GraphQL: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/). PR [#48](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/48).
 
 ## 0.6.0
 
-* Update SQL with SQLAlchemy tutorial at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/</a> using the new official `request.state`. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/45" target="_blank">#45</a>.
+* Update SQL with SQLAlchemy tutorial at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) using the new official `request.state`. PR [#45](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/45).
 
-* Upgrade Starlette to version `0.11.1` and add required compatibility changes. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/44" target="_blank">#44</a>.
+* Upgrade Starlette to version `0.11.1` and add required compatibility changes. PR [#44](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/44).
 
 ## 0.5.1
 
-* Add section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/" target="_blank">helping and getting help with **FastAPI**</a>.
+* Add section about [helping and getting help with **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/).
 
-* Add note about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#order-matters" target="_blank">path operations order in docs</a>.
+* Add note about [path operations order in docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#order-matters).
 
-* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/" target="_blank">section about error handling</a> with more information and make relation with Starlette error handling utilities more explicit. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/41" target="_blank">#41</a>.
+* Update [section about error handling](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/) with more information and make relation with Starlette error handling utilities more explicit. PR [#41](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/41).
 
-* Add <a href="" target="_blank">Development - Contributing section to the docs</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/42" target="_blank">#42</a>.
+* Add <a href="" target="_blank">Development - Contributing section to the docs</a>. PR [#42](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/42).
 
 ## 0.5.0
 
-* Add new `HTTPException` with support for custom headers. With new documentation for handling errors at: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/35" target="_blank">#35</a>.
+* Add new `HTTPException` with support for custom headers. With new documentation for handling errors at: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/). PR [#35](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/35).
 
-* Add <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/using-request-directly/" target="_blank">documentation to use Starlette `Request` object</a> directly. Check <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/25" target="_blank">#25</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+* Add [documentation to use Starlette `Request` object](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/using-request-directly/) directly. Check [#25](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/25) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
 
-* Add issue templates to simplify reporting bugs, getting help, etc: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/34" target="_blank">#34</a>.
+* Add issue templates to simplify reporting bugs, getting help, etc: [#34](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/34).
 
-* Update example for the SQLAlchemy tutorial at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/</a> using middleware and database session attached to request.
+* Update example for the SQLAlchemy tutorial at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) using middleware and database session attached to request.
 
 ## 0.4.0
 
-* Add `openapi_prefix`, support for reverse proxy and mounting sub-applications. See the docs at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/</a>: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank">#26</a> by <a href="https://github.com/kabirkhan" target="_blank">@kabirkhan</a>.
+* Add `openapi_prefix`, support for reverse proxy and mounting sub-applications. See the docs at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/): [#26](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26) by [@kabirkhan](https://github.com/kabirkhan).
 
-* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">docs/tutorial for SQLAlchemy</a> including note about *DB Browser for SQLite*.
+* Update [docs/tutorial for SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) including note about _DB Browser for SQLite_.
 
 ## 0.3.0
 
-* Fix/add SQLAlchemy support, including ORM, and update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">docs for SQLAlchemy</a>: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/30" target="_blank">#30</a>.
+* Fix/add SQLAlchemy support, including ORM, and update [docs for SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/): [#30](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/30).
 
 ## 0.2.1
 
-* Fix `jsonable_encoder` for Pydantic models with `Config` but without `json_encoders`: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/29" target="_blank">#29</a>.
+* Fix `jsonable_encoder` for Pydantic models with `Config` but without `json_encoders`: [#29](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/29).
 
 ## 0.2.0
 
-* Fix typos in Security section: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/24" target="_blank">#24</a> by <a href="https://github.com/kkinder" target="_blank">@kkinder</a>.
+* Fix typos in Security section: [#24](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/24) by [@kkinder](https://github.com/kkinder).
 
-* Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/21" target="_blank">#21</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+* Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders: [#21](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/21) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
 
 ## 0.1.19
 
-* Upgrade Starlette version to the current latest `0.10.1`: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/17" target="_blank">#17</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+* Upgrade Starlette version to the current latest `0.10.1`: [#17](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/17) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+class Message(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, responses={404: {"model": Message}})
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id == "foo":
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
+    else:
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"})

docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/items/{item_id}",
+    response_model=Item,
+    responses={
+        200: {
+            "content": {"image/png": {}},
+            "description": "Return the JSON item or an image.",
+        }
+    },
+)
+async def read_item(item_id: str, img: bool = None):
+    if img:
+        return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png")
+    else:
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}

docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+class Message(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/items/{item_id}",
+    response_model=Item,
+    responses={
+        404: {"model": Message, "description": "The item was not found"},
+        200: {
+            "description": "Item requested by ID",
+            "content": {
+                "application/json": {
+                    "example": {"id": "bar", "value": "The bar tenders"}
+                }
+            },
+        },
+    },
+)
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id == "foo":
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
+    else:
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"})

docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+responses = {
+    404: {"description": "Item not found"},
+    302: {"description": "The item was moved"},
+    403: {"description": "Not enough privileges"},
+}
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/items/{item_id}",
+    response_model=Item,
+    responses={**responses, 200: {"content": {"image/png": {}}}},
+)
+async def read_item(item_id: str, img: bool = None):
+    if img:
+        return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png")
+    else:
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}

docs/src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.status import HTTP_201_CREATED
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+async def upsert_item(item_id: str, name: str = Body(None), size: int = Body(None)):
+    if item_id in items:
+        item = items[item_id]
+        item["name"] = name
+        item["size"] = size
+        return item
+    else:
+        item = {"name": name, "size": size}
+        items[item_id] = item
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item)

docs/src/app_testing/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_main():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}

docs/src/app_testing/main_b.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Header, HTTPException
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+fake_secret_token = "coneofsilence"
+
+fake_db = {
+    "foo": {"id": "foo", "title": "Foo", "description": "There goes my hero"},
+    "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"},
+}
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    title: str
+    description: str = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
+async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header(...)):
+    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
+    if item_id not in fake_db:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+    return fake_db[item_id]
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
+async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header(...)):
+    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
+    if item.id in fake_db:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Item already exists")
+    fake_db[item.id] = item
+    return item

docs/src/app_testing/test_main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .main import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_read_main():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}

docs/src/app_testing/test_main_b.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .main_b import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_read_item():
+    response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "id": "foo",
+        "title": "Foo",
+        "description": "There goes my hero",
+    }
+
+
+def test_read_item_bad_token():
+    response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"})
+    assert response.status_code == 400
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"}
+
+
+def test_read_inexistent_item():
+    response = client.get("/items/baz", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"})
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"}
+
+
+def test_create_item():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/items/",
+        headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"},
+        json={"id": "foobar", "title": "Foo Bar", "description": "The Foo Barters"},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "id": "foobar",
+        "title": "Foo Bar",
+        "description": "The Foo Barters",
+    }
+
+
+def test_create_item_bad_token():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/items/",
+        headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"},
+        json={"id": "bazz", "title": "Bazz", "description": "Drop the bazz"},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 400
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"}
+
+
+def test_create_existing_token():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/items/",
+        headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"},
+        json={
+            "id": "foo",
+            "title": "The Foo ID Stealers",
+            "description": "There goes my stealer",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 400
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item already exists"}

docs/src/app_testing/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_main():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_read_main():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}

docs/src/app_testing/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_main():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+@app.websocket_route("/ws")
+async def websocket(websocket: WebSocket):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json({"msg": "Hello WebSocket"})
+    await websocket.close()
+
+
+def test_read_main():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+def test_websocket():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client.websocket_connect("/ws") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+        assert data == {"msg": "Hello WebSocket"}

docs/src/app_testing/tutorial003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {}
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup_event():
+    items["foo"] = {"name": "Fighters"}
+    items["bar"] = {"name": "Tenders"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_items(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
+
+
+def test_read_items():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/items/foo")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"name": "Fighters"}

docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial002.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
-app = FastAPI(
-    title="My Super Project", version="2.5.0", openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json"
-)
+app = FastAPI(openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json")
 
 
 @app.get("/items/")

docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial003.py

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
-app = FastAPI(
-    title="My Super Project",
-    version="2.5.0",
-    openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json",
-    docs_url="/api/v1/docs",
-    redoc_url=None,
-)
+app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url=None)
 
 
 @app.get("/items/")

docs/src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from typing import List
+
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+# SQLAlchemy specific code, as with any other app
+DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db"
+# DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"
+
+database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
+
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+notes = sqlalchemy.Table(
+    "notes",
+    metadata,
+    sqlalchemy.Column("id", sqlalchemy.Integer, primary_key=True),
+    sqlalchemy.Column("text", sqlalchemy.String),
+    sqlalchemy.Column("completed", sqlalchemy.Boolean),
+)
+
+
+engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(
+    DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
+)
+metadata.create_all(engine)
+
+
+class NoteIn(BaseModel):
+    text: str
+    completed: bool
+
+
+class Note(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    text: str
+    completed: bool
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup():
+    await database.connect()
+
+
+@app.on_event("shutdown")
+async def shutdown():
+    await database.disconnect()
+
+
+@app.get("/notes/", response_model=List[Note])
+async def read_notes():
+    query = notes.select()
+    return await database.fetch_all(query)
+
+
+@app.post("/notes/", response_model=Note)
+async def create_note(note: NoteIn):
+    query = notes.insert().values(text=note.text, completed=note.completed)
+    last_record_id = await database.execute(query)
+    return {**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}

docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def write_notification(email: str, message=""):
+    with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file:
+        content = f"notification for {email}: {message}"
+        email_file.write(content)
+
+
+@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
+    background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
+    return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}

docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def write_log(message: str):
+    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
+        log.write(message)
+
+
+def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = None):
+    if q:
+        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
+        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
+    return q
+
+
+@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+async def send_notification(
+    email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = Depends(get_query)
+):
+    message = f"message to {email}\n"
+    background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
+    return {"message": "Message sent"}

docs/src/bigger_applications/app/main.py

@@ -1,9 +1,20 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException
 
-from .routers.items import router as items_router
-from .routers.users import router as users_router
+from .routers import items, users
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
-app.include_router(users_router)
-app.include_router(items_router, prefix="/items")
+
+async def get_token_header(x_token: str = Header(...)):
+    if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token":
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid")
+
+
+app.include_router(users.router)
+app.include_router(
+    items.router,
+    prefix="/items",
+    tags=["items"],
+    dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)],
+    responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}},
+)

docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py

@@ -1,13 +1,24 @@
-from fastapi import APIRouter
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
 
-@router.get("/", tags=["items"])
+@router.get("/")
 async def read_items():
     return [{"name": "Item Foo"}, {"name": "item Bar"}]
 
 
-@router.get("/{item_id}", tags=["items"])
+@router.get("/{item_id}")
 async def read_item(item_id: str):
     return {"name": "Fake Specific Item", "item_id": item_id}
+
+
+@router.put(
+    "/{item_id}",
+    tags=["custom"],
+    responses={403: {"description": "Operation forbidden"}},
+)
+async def update_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id != "foo":
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="You can only update the item: foo")
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "name": "The Fighters"}

docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Set
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr
 
 app = FastAPI()
 

docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List, Set
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
     price: float
     tax: float = None
     tags: Set[str] = []
-    image: List[Image] = None
+    images: List[Image] = None
 
 
 @app.put("/items/{item_id}")

docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List, Set
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
     price: float
     tax: float = None
     tags: Set[str] = []
-    image: List[Image] = None
+    images: List[Image] = None
 
 
 class Offer(BaseModel):

docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr
 
 app = FastAPI()
 

docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/index-weights/")
+async def create_index_weights(weights: Dict[int, float]):
+    return weights

docs/src/body_schema/tutorial001.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Schema
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
 class Item(BaseModel):
     name: str
-    description: str = Schema(None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300)
-    price: float = Schema(..., gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
+    description: str = Field(None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300)
+    price: float = Field(..., gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
     tax: float = None
 
 

docs/src/body_updates/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str = None
+    description: str = None
+    price: float = None
+    tax: float = 10.5
+    tags: List[str] = []
+
+
+items = {
+    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
+    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
+    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
+}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
+async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+    update_item_encoded = jsonable_encoder(item)
+    items[item_id] = update_item_encoded
+    return update_item_encoded

docs/src/body_updates/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str = None
+    description: str = None
+    price: float = None
+    tax: float = 10.5
+    tags: List[str] = []
+
+
+items = {
+    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
+    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
+    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
+}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
+
+
+@app.patch("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
+async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+    stored_item_data = items[item_id]
+    stored_item_model = Item(**stored_item_data)
+    update_data = item.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    updated_item = stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data)
+    items[item_id] = jsonable_encoder(updated_item)
+    return updated_item

docs/src/cors/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+origins = [
+    "http://localhost.tiangolo.com",
+    "https://localhost.tiangolo.com",
+    "http://localhost",
+    "http://localhost:8080",
+]
+
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=origins,
+    allow_credentials=True,
+    allow_methods=["*"],
+    allow_headers=["*"],
+)

docs/src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import gzip
+from typing import Callable, List
+
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+
+class GzipRequest(Request):
+    async def body(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
+            body = await super().body()
+            if "gzip" in self.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"):
+                body = gzip.decompress(body)
+            self._body = body
+        return self._body
+
+
+class GzipRoute(APIRoute):
+    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable:
+        original_route_handler = super().get_route_handler()
+
+        async def custom_route_handler(request: Request) -> Response:
+            request = GzipRequest(request.scope, request.receive)
+            return await original_route_handler(request)
+
+        return custom_route_handler
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+app.router.route_class = GzipRoute
+
+
+@app.post("/sum")
+async def sum_numbers(numbers: List[int] = Body(...)):
+    return {"sum": sum(numbers)}

docs/src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from typing import Callable, List
+
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+
+class ValidationErrorLoggingRoute(APIRoute):
+    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable:
+        original_route_handler = super().get_route_handler()
+
+        async def custom_route_handler(request: Request) -> Response:
+            try:
+                return await original_route_handler(request)
+            except RequestValidationError as exc:
+                body = await request.body()
+                detail = {"errors": exc.errors(), "body": body.decode()}
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=detail)
+
+        return custom_route_handler
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+app.router.route_class = ValidationErrorLoggingRoute
+
+
+@app.post("/")
+async def sum_numbers(numbers: List[int] = Body(...)):
+    return sum(numbers)

docs/src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import time
+from typing import Callable
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+
+class TimedRoute(APIRoute):
+    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable:
+        original_route_handler = super().get_route_handler()
+
+        async def custom_route_handler(request: Request) -> Response:
+            before = time.time()
+            response: Response = await original_route_handler(request)
+            duration = time.time() - before
+            response.headers["X-Response-Time"] = str(duration)
+            print(f"route duration: {duration}")
+            print(f"route response: {response}")
+            print(f"route response headers: {response.headers}")
+            return response
+
+        return custom_route_handler
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router = APIRouter(route_class=TimedRoute)
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def not_timed():
+    return {"message": "Not timed"}
+
+
+@router.get("/timed")
+async def timed():
+    return {"message": "It's the time of my life"}
+
+
+app.include_router(router)

docs/src/custom_response/tutorial001.py

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from starlette.responses import UJSONResponse
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
-@app.get("/items/", content_type=UJSONResponse)
+@app.get("/items/", response_class=UJSONResponse)
 async def read_items():
     return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]

docs/src/custom_response/tutorial002.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
-@app.get("/items/", content_type=HTMLResponse)
+@app.get("/items/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
 async def read_items():
     return """
     <html>

docs/src/custom_response/tutorial004.py

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ def generate_html_response():
     return HTMLResponse(content=html_content, status_code=200)
 
 
-@app.get("/items/", content_type=HTMLResponse)
+@app.get("/items/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
 async def read_items():
     return generate_html_response()

docs/src/dependencies/tutorial006.py

@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
-class FixedContentQueryChecker:
-    def __init__(self, fixed_content: str):
-        self.fixed_content = fixed_content
-
-    def __call__(self, q: str = ""):
-        if q:
-            return self.fixed_content in q
-        return False
+async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header(...)):
+    if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token":
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid")
 
 
-checker = FixedContentQueryChecker("bar")
+async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header(...)):
+    if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key":
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid")
+    return x_key
 
 
-@app.get("/query-checker/")
-async def read_query_check(fixed_content_included: bool = Depends(checker)):
-    return {"fixed_content_in_query": fixed_content_included}
+@app.get("/items/", dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)])
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"item": "Foo"}, {"item": "Bar"}]

docs/src/dependencies/tutorial007.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+async def get_db():
+    db = DBSession()
+    try:
+        yield db
+    finally:
+        db.close()

docs/src/dependencies/tutorial008.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from fastapi import Depends
+
+
+async def dependency_a():
+    dep_a = generate_dep_a()
+    try:
+        yield dep_a
+    finally:
+        dep_a.close()
+
+
+async def dependency_b(dep_a=Depends(dependency_a)):
+    dep_b = generate_dep_b()
+    try:
+        yield dep_b
+    finally:
+        dep_b.close(dep_a)
+
+
+async def dependency_c(dep_b=Depends(dependency_b)):
+    dep_c = generate_dep_c()
+    try:
+        yield dep_c
+    finally:
+        dep_c.close(dep_b)

docs/src/dependencies/tutorial009.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from fastapi import Depends
+
+
+async def dependency_a():
+    dep_a = generate_dep_a()
+    try:
+        yield dep_a
+    finally:
+        dep_a.close()
+
+
+async def dependency_b(dep_a=Depends(dependency_a)):
+    dep_b = generate_dep_b()
+    try:
+        yield dep_b
+    finally:
+        dep_b.close(dep_a)
+
+
+async def dependency_c(dep_b=Depends(dependency_b)):
+    dep_c = generate_dep_c()
+    try:
+        yield dep_c
+    finally:
+        dep_c.close(dep_b)

docs/src/dependencies/tutorial010.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+class MySuperContextManager:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.db = DBSession()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self.db
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self.db.close()
+
+
+async def get_db():
+    with MySuperContextManager() as db:
+        yield db

docs/src/dependencies/tutorial011.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class FixedContentQueryChecker:
+    def __init__(self, fixed_content: str):
+        self.fixed_content = fixed_content
+
+    def __call__(self, q: str = ""):
+        if q:
+            return self.fixed_content in q
+        return False
+
+
+checker = FixedContentQueryChecker("bar")
+
+
+@app.get("/query-checker/")
+async def read_query_check(fixed_content_included: bool = Depends(checker)):
+    return {"fixed_content_in_query": fixed_content_included}

docs/src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def common_parameters(q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
+    return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons}
+
+
+@app.get("/users/")
+async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
+    return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+async def override_dependency(q: str = None):
+    return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
+
+
+app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency
+
+
+def test_override_in_items():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "message": "Hello Items!",
+        "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
+    }
+
+
+def test_override_in_items_with_q():
+    response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "message": "Hello Items!",
+        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
+    }
+
+
+def test_override_in_items_with_params():
+    response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "message": "Hello Items!",
+        "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
+    }

docs/src/encoder/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+fake_db = {}
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    title: str
+    timestamp: datetime
+    description: str = None
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{id}")
+def update_item(id: str, item: Item):
+    json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item)
+    fake_db[id] = json_compatible_item_data

docs/src/events/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {}
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup_event():
+    items["foo"] = {"name": "Fighters"}
+    items["bar"] = {"name": "Tenders"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_items(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]

docs/src/events/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.on_event("shutdown")
+def shutdown_event():
+    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
+        log.write("Application shutdown")
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"name": "Foo"}]

docs/src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"name": "Foo"}]
+
+
+def custom_openapi():
+    if app.openapi_schema:
+        return app.openapi_schema
+    openapi_schema = get_openapi(
+        title="Custom title",
+        version="2.5.0",
+        description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
+        routes=app.routes,
+    )
+    openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
+        "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
+    }
+    app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
+    return app.openapi_schema
+
+
+app.openapi = custom_openapi

docs/src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
+    get_redoc_html,
+    get_swagger_ui_html,
+    get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
+)
+from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
+app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)
+
+app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
+
+
+@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False)
+async def custom_swagger_ui_html():
+    return get_swagger_ui_html(
+        openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
+        title=app.title + " - Swagger UI",
+        oauth2_redirect_url=app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
+        swagger_js_url="/static/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
+        swagger_css_url="/static/swagger-ui.css",
+    )
+
+
+@app.get(app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, include_in_schema=False)
+async def swagger_ui_redirect():
+    return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
+
+
+@app.get("/redoc", include_in_schema=False)
+async def redoc_html():
+    return get_redoc_html(
+        openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
+        title=app.title + " - ReDoc",
+        redoc_js_url="/static/redoc.standalone.js",
+    )
+
+
+@app.get("/users/{username}")
+async def read_user(username: str):
+    return {"message": f"Hello {username}"}

docs/src/extra_models/tutorial001.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import EmailStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
 
 app = FastAPI()
 

docs/src/extra_models/tutorial002.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import EmailStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
 
 app = FastAPI()
 

docs/src/extra_models/tutorial003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class BaseItem(BaseModel):
+    description: str
+    type: str
+
+
+class CarItem(BaseItem):
+    type = "car"
+
+
+class PlaneItem(BaseItem):
+    type = "plane"
+    size: int
+
+
+items = {
+    "item1": {"description": "All my friends drive a low rider", "type": "car"},
+    "item2": {
+        "description": "Music is my aeroplane, it's my aeroplane",
+        "type": "plane",
+        "size": 5,
+    },
+}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Union[PlaneItem, CarItem])
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]

docs/src/extra_models/tutorial004.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str
+
+
+items = [
+    {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"},
+    {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"},
+]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item])
+async def read_items():
+    return items

docs/src/extra_models/tutorial005.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/keyword-weights/", response_model=Dict[str, float])
+async def read_keyword_weights():
+    return {"foo": 2.3, "bar": 3.4}

docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def create_item(item_id: str):
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
     if item_id not in items:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
     return {"item": items[item_id]}

docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
 
 
 @app.get("/items-header/{item_id}")
-async def create_item_header(item_id: str):
+async def read_item_header(item_id: str):
     if item_id not in items:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=404,

docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
-from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class UnicornException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        self.name = name
+
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
-@app.exception_handler(HTTPException)
-async def http_exception(request, exc):
-    return PlainTextResponse(str(exc.detail), status_code=exc.status_code)
+@app.exception_handler(UnicornException)
+async def unicorn_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: UnicornException):
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=418,
+        content={"message": f"Oops! {exc.name} did something. There goes a rainbow..."},
+    )
 
 
-@app.get("/")
-async def root():
-    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+@app.get("/unicorns/{name}")
+async def read_unicorn(name: str):
+    if name == "yolo":
+        raise UnicornException(name=name)
+    return {"unicorn_name": name}

docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(StarletteHTTPException)
+async def http_exception_handler(request, exc):
+    return PlainTextResponse(str(exc.detail), status_code=exc.status_code)
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
+async def validation_exception_handler(request, exc):
+    return PlainTextResponse(str(exc), status_code=400)
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int):
+    if item_id == 3:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=418, detail="Nope! I don't like 3.")
+    return {"item_id": item_id}

docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial005.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
+    http_exception_handler,
+    request_validation_exception_handler,
+)
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(StarletteHTTPException)
+async def custom_http_exception_handler(request, exc):
+    print(f"OMG! An HTTP error!: {exc}")
+    return await http_exception_handler(request, exc)
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
+async def validation_exception_handler(request, exc):
+    print(f"OMG! The client sent invalid data!: {exc}")
+    return await request_validation_exception_handler(request, exc)
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int):
+    if item_id == 3:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=418, detail="Nope! I don't like 3.")
+    return {"item_id": item_id}

docs/src/header_params/tutorial003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(x_token: List[str] = Header(None)):
+    return {"X-Token values": x_token}

docs/src/middleware/tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import time
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def add_process_time_header(request: Request, call_next):
+    start_time = time.time()
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    process_time = time.time() - start_time
+    response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
+    return response

docs/src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py

@@ -1,8 +1,24 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
 
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
-@app.get("/items/", include_in_schema=False)
+@app.get("/items/")
 async def read_items():
     return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
+
+
+def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    """
+    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
+    names.
+
+    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
+    """
+    for route in app.routes:
+        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):
+            route.operation_id = route.name  # in this case, 'read_items'
+
+
+use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app)

docs/src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", include_in_schema=False)
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]

docs/src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from typing import Set
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str = None
+    price: float
+    tax: float = None
+    tags: Set[str] = []
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item")
+async def create_item(*, item: Item):
+    """
+    Create an item with all the information:
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+    \f
+    :param item: User input.
+    """
+    return item

docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
 async def create_item(*, item: Item):
     """
     Create an item with all the information:
-    
-    * name: each item must have a name
-    * description: a long description
-    * price: required
-    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
-    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
     """
     return item

docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
 async def create_item(*, item: Item):
     """
     Create an item with all the information:
-    
-    * name: each item must have a name
-    * description: a long description
-    * price: required
-    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
-    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
     """
     return item

docs/src/path_params/tutorial004.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/files/{file_path:path}")
+async def read_user_me(file_path: str):
+    return {"file_path": file_path}

docs/src/path_params/tutorial005.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+
+class ModelName(str, Enum):
+    alexnet = "alexnet"
+    resnet = "resnet"
+    lenet = "lenet"
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/model/{model_name}")
+async def get_model(model_name: ModelName):
+    if model_name == ModelName.alexnet:
+        return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "Deep Learning FTW!"}
+    if model_name.value == "lenet":
+        return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "LeCNN all the images"}
+    return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "Have some residuals"}

docs/src/query_params/tutorial001.py

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"
 
 
 @app.get("/items/")
-async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10):
     return fake_items_db[skip : skip + limit]

docs/src/query_params/tutorial007.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_user_item(item_id: str, limit: Optional[int] = None):
+    item = {"item_id": item_id, "limit": limit}
+    return item

docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(None)):
+    query_items = {"q": q}
+    return query_items

docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(["foo", "bar"])):
+    query_items = {"q": q}
+    return query_items

docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: list = Query(None)):
+    query_items = {"q": q}
+    return query_items

docs/src/request_files/tutorial002.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File(...)):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)