fix go.sum

.github/workflows/test-install.yaml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: test-install
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'scripts/install.sh'
-      - '.github/workflows/test-install.yaml'
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Run install script
-        run: sh ./scripts/install.sh
-        env:
-          OLLAMA_NO_START: 1 # do not start app
-      - name: Verify ollama is available
-        run: ollama --version

anthropic/anthropic.go

@@ -518,26 +518,24 @@ func mapStopReason(reason string, hasToolCalls bool) string {
 
 // StreamConverter manages state for converting Ollama streaming responses to Anthropic format
 type StreamConverter struct {
-	ID                   string
-	Model                string
-	firstWrite           bool
-	contentIndex         int
-	inputTokens          int
-	outputTokens         int
-	estimatedInputTokens int // Estimated tokens from request (used when actual metrics are 0)
-	thinkingStarted      bool
-	thinkingDone         bool
-	textStarted          bool
-	toolCallsSent        map[string]bool
+	ID              string
+	Model           string
+	firstWrite      bool
+	contentIndex    int
+	inputTokens     int
+	outputTokens    int
+	thinkingStarted bool
+	thinkingDone    bool
+	textStarted     bool
+	toolCallsSent   map[string]bool
 }
 
-func NewStreamConverter(id, model string, estimatedInputTokens int) *StreamConverter {
+func NewStreamConverter(id, model string) *StreamConverter {
 	return &StreamConverter{
-		ID:                   id,
-		Model:                model,
-		firstWrite:           true,
-		estimatedInputTokens: estimatedInputTokens,
-		toolCallsSent:        make(map[string]bool),
+		ID:            id,
+		Model:         model,
+		firstWrite:    true,
+		toolCallsSent: make(map[string]bool),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -553,11 +551,7 @@ func (c *StreamConverter) Process(r api.ChatResponse) []StreamEvent {
 
 	if c.firstWrite {
 		c.firstWrite = false
-		// Use actual metrics if available, otherwise use estimate
 		c.inputTokens = r.Metrics.PromptEvalCount
-		if c.inputTokens == 0 && c.estimatedInputTokens > 0 {
-			c.inputTokens = c.estimatedInputTokens
-		}
 
 		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
 			Event: "message_start",
@@ -785,123 +779,3 @@ func mapToArgs(m map[string]any) api.ToolCallFunctionArguments {
 	}
 	return args
 }
-
-// CountTokensRequest represents an Anthropic count_tokens request
-type CountTokensRequest struct {
-	Model    string          `json:"model"`
-	Messages []MessageParam  `json:"messages"`
-	System   any             `json:"system,omitempty"`
-	Tools    []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	Thinking *ThinkingConfig `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// EstimateInputTokens estimates input tokens from a MessagesRequest (reuses CountTokensRequest logic)
-func EstimateInputTokens(req MessagesRequest) int {
-	return estimateTokens(CountTokensRequest{
-		Model:    req.Model,
-		Messages: req.Messages,
-		System:   req.System,
-		Tools:    req.Tools,
-		Thinking: req.Thinking,
-	})
-}
-
-// CountTokensResponse represents an Anthropic count_tokens response
-type CountTokensResponse struct {
-	InputTokens int `json:"input_tokens"`
-}
-
-// estimateTokens returns a rough estimate of tokens (len/4).
-// TODO: Replace with actual tokenization via Tokenize API for accuracy.
-// Current len/4 heuristic is a rough approximation (~4 chars/token average).
-func estimateTokens(req CountTokensRequest) int {
-	var totalLen int
-
-	// Count system prompt
-	if req.System != nil {
-		totalLen += countAnyContent(req.System)
-	}
-
-	// Count messages
-	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
-		// Count role (always present)
-		totalLen += len(msg.Role)
-		// Count content
-		contentLen := countAnyContent(msg.Content)
-		totalLen += contentLen
-	}
-
-	for _, tool := range req.Tools {
-		totalLen += len(tool.Name) + len(tool.Description) + len(tool.InputSchema)
-	}
-
-	// Return len/4 as rough token estimate, minimum 1 if there's any content
-	tokens := totalLen / 4
-	if tokens == 0 && (len(req.Messages) > 0 || req.System != nil) {
-		tokens = 1
-	}
-	return tokens
-}
-
-func countAnyContent(content any) int {
-	if content == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	switch c := content.(type) {
-	case string:
-		return len(c)
-	case []any:
-		total := 0
-		for _, block := range c {
-			total += countContentBlock(block)
-		}
-		return total
-	default:
-		if data, err := json.Marshal(content); err == nil {
-			return len(data)
-		}
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
-func countContentBlock(block any) int {
-	blockMap, ok := block.(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		if s, ok := block.(string); ok {
-			return len(s)
-		}
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	total := 0
-	blockType, _ := blockMap["type"].(string)
-
-	if text, ok := blockMap["text"].(string); ok {
-		total += len(text)
-	}
-
-	if thinking, ok := blockMap["thinking"].(string); ok {
-		total += len(thinking)
-	}
-
-	if blockType == "tool_use" {
-		if data, err := json.Marshal(blockMap); err == nil {
-			total += len(data)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if blockType == "tool_result" {
-		if data, err := json.Marshal(blockMap); err == nil {
-			total += len(data)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if source, ok := blockMap["source"].(map[string]any); ok {
-		if data, ok := source["data"].(string); ok {
-			total += len(data)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return total
-}

anthropic/anthropic_test.go

@@ -321,6 +321,8 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingOnlyBlock verifies that messages containing only
+// a thinking block (no text, images, or tool calls) are preserved and not dropped.
 func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingOnlyBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
@@ -603,7 +605,7 @@ func TestGenerateMessageID(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStreamConverter_Basic(t *testing.T) {
-	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model")
 
 	// First chunk
 	resp1 := api.ChatResponse{
@@ -676,7 +678,7 @@ func TestStreamConverter_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStreamConverter_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
-	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model")
 
 	resp := api.ChatResponse{
 		Model: "test-model",
@@ -729,7 +731,7 @@ func TestStreamConverter_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStreamConverter_ToolCallWithUnmarshalableArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that unmarshalable arguments (like channels) are handled gracefully
 	// and don't cause a panic or corrupt stream
-	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model")
 
 	// Create a channel which cannot be JSON marshaled
 	unmarshalable := make(chan int)
@@ -776,7 +778,7 @@ func TestStreamConverter_ToolCallWithUnmarshalableArgs(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStreamConverter_MultipleToolCallsWithMixedValidity(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that valid tool calls still work when mixed with invalid ones
-	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model")
 
 	unmarshalable := make(chan int)
 	badArgs := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
@@ -840,6 +842,10 @@ func TestStreamConverter_MultipleToolCallsWithMixedValidity(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestContentBlockJSON_EmptyFieldsPresent verifies that empty text and thinking fields
+// are serialized in JSON output. The Anthropic SDK requires these fields to be present
+// (even when empty) in content_block_start events to properly accumulate streaming deltas.
+// Without these fields, the SDK throws: "TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'NoneType' and 'str'"
 func TestContentBlockJSON_EmptyFieldsPresent(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -893,9 +899,11 @@ func TestContentBlockJSON_EmptyFieldsPresent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields verifies that content_block_start
+// events include the required empty fields for SDK compatibility.
 func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("text block start includes empty text", func(t *testing.T) {
-		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model")
 
 		resp := api.ChatResponse{
 			Model:   "test-model",
@@ -929,7 +937,7 @@ func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("thinking block start includes empty thinking", func(t *testing.T) {
-		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model")
 
 		resp := api.ChatResponse{
 			Model:   "test-model",
@@ -961,105 +969,3 @@ func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
-
-func TestEstimateTokens_SimpleMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	req := CountTokensRequest{
-		Model: "test-model",
-		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, world!"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
-
-	// "user" (4) + "Hello, world!" (13) = 17 chars / 4 = 4 tokens
-	if tokens < 1 {
-		t.Errorf("expected at least 1 token, got %d", tokens)
-	}
-	// Sanity check: shouldn't be wildly off
-	if tokens > 10 {
-		t.Errorf("expected fewer than 10 tokens for short message, got %d", tokens)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEstimateTokens_WithSystemPrompt(t *testing.T) {
-	req := CountTokensRequest{
-		Model:  "test-model",
-		System: "You are a helpful assistant.",
-		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
-
-	// System prompt adds to count
-	if tokens < 5 {
-		t.Errorf("expected at least 5 tokens with system prompt, got %d", tokens)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEstimateTokens_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
-	req := CountTokensRequest{
-		Model: "test-model",
-		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather?"},
-		},
-		Tools: []Tool{
-			{
-				Name:        "get_weather",
-				Description: "Get the current weather for a location",
-				InputSchema: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"object","properties":{"location":{"type":"string"}}}`),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
-
-	// Tools add significant content
-	if tokens < 10 {
-		t.Errorf("expected at least 10 tokens with tools, got %d", tokens)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEstimateTokens_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
-	req := CountTokensRequest{
-		Model: "test-model",
-		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
-			{
-				Role: "assistant",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":     "thinking",
-						"thinking": "Let me think about this carefully...",
-					},
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "text",
-						"text": "Here is my response.",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
-
-	// Thinking content should be counted
-	if tokens < 10 {
-		t.Errorf("expected at least 10 tokens with thinking content, got %d", tokens)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEstimateTokens_EmptyContent(t *testing.T) {
-	req := CountTokensRequest{
-		Model:    "test-model",
-		Messages: []MessageParam{},
-	}
-
-	tokens := estimateTokens(req)
-
-	if tokens != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 0 tokens for empty content, got %d", tokens)
-	}
-}

api/client.go

@@ -466,25 +466,3 @@ func (c *Client) Whoami(ctx context.Context) (*UserResponse, error) {
 	}
 	return &resp, nil
 }
-
-// AliasRequest is the request body for creating or updating a model alias.
-type AliasRequest struct {
-	Alias          string `json:"alias"`
-	Target         string `json:"target"`
-	PrefixMatching bool   `json:"prefix_matching,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// SetAliasExperimental creates or updates a model alias via the experimental aliases API.
-func (c *Client) SetAliasExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *AliasRequest) error {
-	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/experimental/aliases", req, nil)
-}
-
-// AliasDeleteRequest is the request body for deleting a model alias.
-type AliasDeleteRequest struct {
-	Alias string `json:"alias"`
-}
-
-// DeleteAliasExperimental deletes a model alias via the experimental aliases API.
-func (c *Client) DeleteAliasExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *AliasDeleteRequest) error {
-	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodDelete, "/api/experimental/aliases", req, nil)
-}

cmd/background_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package cmd
+
+import "syscall"
+
+// backgroundServerSysProcAttr returns SysProcAttr for running the server in the background on Unix.
+// Setpgid prevents the server from being killed when the parent process exits.
+func backgroundServerSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
+	return &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Setpgid: true,
+	}
+}

cmd/background_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package cmd
+
+import "syscall"
+
+// backgroundServerSysProcAttr returns SysProcAttr for running the server in the background on Windows.
+// CREATE_NO_WINDOW (0x08000000) prevents a console window from appearing.
+func backgroundServerSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
+	return &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		CreationFlags: 0x08000000,
+		HideWindow:    true,
+	}
+}

cmd/cmd.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/tui"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/parser"
@@ -1763,7 +1765,7 @@ func checkServerHeartbeat(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		if err := startApp(cmd.Context(), client); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return fmt.Errorf("ollama server not responding - %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -1804,6 +1806,190 @@ Environment Variables:
 	cmd.SetUsageTemplate(cmd.UsageTemplate() + envUsage)
 }
 
+// ensureServerRunning checks if the ollama server is running and starts it in the background if not.
+func ensureServerRunning(ctx context.Context) error {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check if server is already running
+	if err := client.Heartbeat(ctx); err == nil {
+		return nil // server is already running
+	}
+
+	// Server not running, start it in the background
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not find executable: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	serverCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, exe, "serve")
+	serverCmd.Env = os.Environ()
+	serverCmd.SysProcAttr = backgroundServerSysProcAttr()
+	if err := serverCmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the server to be ready
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+		if err := client.Heartbeat(ctx); err == nil {
+			return nil // server has started
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// runInteractiveTUI runs the main interactive TUI menu.
+func runInteractiveTUI(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	// Ensure the server is running before showing the TUI
+	if err := ensureServerRunning(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error starting server: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// errSelectionCancelled is returned when user cancels model selection
+	errSelectionCancelled := errors.New("cancelled")
+
+	// Selector adapters for tui
+	singleSelector := func(title string, items []config.ModelItem) (string, error) {
+		tuiItems := make([]tui.SelectItem, len(items))
+		for i, item := range items {
+			tuiItems[i] = tui.SelectItem{Name: item.Name, Description: item.Description}
+		}
+		result, err := tui.SelectSingle(title, tuiItems)
+		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
+			return "", errSelectionCancelled
+		}
+		return result, err
+	}
+
+	multiSelector := func(title string, items []config.ModelItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
+		tuiItems := make([]tui.SelectItem, len(items))
+		for i, item := range items {
+			tuiItems[i] = tui.SelectItem{Name: item.Name, Description: item.Description}
+		}
+		result, err := tui.SelectMultiple(title, tuiItems, preChecked)
+		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
+			return nil, errSelectionCancelled
+		}
+		return result, err
+	}
+
+	for {
+		result, err := tui.Run()
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		runModel := func(modelName string) {
+			_ = config.SetLastModel(modelName)
+			opts := runOptions{
+				Model:       modelName,
+				WordWrap:    os.Getenv("TERM") == "xterm-256color",
+				Options:     map[string]any{},
+				ShowConnect: true,
+			}
+			if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error loading model: %v\n", err)
+				return
+			}
+			if err := generateInteractive(cmd, opts); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error running model: %v\n", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		launchIntegration := func(name string) bool {
+			// If not configured or model no longer exists, prompt for model selection
+			configuredModel := config.IntegrationModel(name)
+			if configuredModel == "" || !config.ModelExists(cmd.Context(), configuredModel) {
+				err := config.ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors(cmd.Context(), name, singleSelector, multiSelector)
+				if errors.Is(err, errSelectionCancelled) {
+					return false // Return to main menu
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error configuring %s: %v\n", name, err)
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			if err := config.LaunchIntegration(name); err != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", name, err)
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+
+		switch result.Selection {
+		case tui.SelectionNone:
+			// User quit
+			return
+		case tui.SelectionRunModel:
+			_ = config.SetLastSelection("run")
+			// Run last model directly if configured and still exists
+			if modelName := config.LastModel(); modelName != "" && config.ModelExists(cmd.Context(), modelName) {
+				runModel(modelName)
+			} else {
+				// No last model or model no longer exists, show picker
+				modelName, err := config.SelectModelWithSelector(cmd.Context(), singleSelector)
+				if errors.Is(err, errSelectionCancelled) {
+					continue // Return to main menu
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error selecting model: %v\n", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				runModel(modelName)
+			}
+		case tui.SelectionChangeRunModel:
+			_ = config.SetLastSelection("run")
+			// Use model from modal if selected, otherwise show picker
+			modelName := result.Model
+			if modelName == "" {
+				var err error
+				modelName, err = config.SelectModelWithSelector(cmd.Context(), singleSelector)
+				if errors.Is(err, errSelectionCancelled) {
+					continue // Return to main menu
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error selecting model: %v\n", err)
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			runModel(modelName)
+		case tui.SelectionIntegration:
+			_ = config.SetLastSelection(result.Integration)
+			if !launchIntegration(result.Integration) {
+				continue // Return to main menu
+			}
+		case tui.SelectionChangeIntegration:
+			_ = config.SetLastSelection(result.Integration)
+			// Use model from modal if selected, otherwise show picker
+			if result.Model != "" {
+				// Model already selected from modal - save and launch
+				if err := config.SaveIntegrationModel(result.Integration, result.Model); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error saving config: %v\n", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				if err := config.LaunchIntegrationWithModel(result.Integration, result.Model); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
+				}
+			} else {
+				err := config.ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors(cmd.Context(), result.Integration, singleSelector, multiSelector)
+				if errors.Is(err, errSelectionCancelled) {
+					continue // Return to main menu
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error configuring %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
+					continue
+				}
+				if err := config.LaunchIntegration(result.Integration); err != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 	log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags | log.Lshortfile)
 	cobra.EnableCommandSorting = false
@@ -1826,11 +2012,13 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 				return
 			}
 
-			cmd.Print(cmd.UsageString())
+			runInteractiveTUI(cmd)
 		},
 	}
 
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolP("version", "v", false, "Show version information")
+	rootCmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "Show timings for response")
+	rootCmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "Don't wrap words to the next line automatically")
 
 	createCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "create MODEL",
@@ -2044,7 +2232,7 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		copyCmd,
 		deleteCmd,
 		runnerCmd,
-		config.LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat),
+		config.LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat, runInteractiveTUI),
 	)
 
 	return rootCmd

cmd/config/claude.go

@@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
 
-// Claude implements Runner and AliasConfigurer for Claude Code integration
+// Claude implements Runner for Claude Code integration
 type Claude struct{}
 
-// Compile-time check that Claude implements AliasConfigurer
-var _ AliasConfigurer = (*Claude)(nil)
-
 func (c *Claude) String() string { return "Claude Code" }
 
 func (c *Claude) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
@@ -58,136 +53,10 @@ func (c *Claude) Run(model string, args []string) error {
 	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	env := append(os.Environ(),
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
 		"ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL="+envconfig.Host().String(),
 		"ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=",
 		"ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN=ollama",
 	)
-
-	env = append(env, c.modelEnvVars(model)...)
-
-	cmd.Env = env
 	return cmd.Run()
 }
-
-// modelEnvVars returns Claude Code env vars that route all model tiers through Ollama.
-func (c *Claude) modelEnvVars(model string) []string {
-	primary := model
-	fast := model
-	if cfg, err := loadIntegration("claude"); err == nil && cfg.Aliases != nil {
-		if p := cfg.Aliases["primary"]; p != "" {
-			primary = p
-		}
-		if f := cfg.Aliases["fast"]; f != "" {
-			fast = f
-		}
-	}
-	return []string{
-		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL=" + primary,
-		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL=" + primary,
-		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL=" + fast,
-		"CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL=" + primary,
-	}
-}
-
-// ConfigureAliases sets up model aliases for Claude Code.
-// model: the model to use (if empty, user will be prompted to select)
-// aliases: existing alias configuration to preserve/update
-// Cloud-only: subagent routing (fast model) is gated to cloud models only until
-// there is a better strategy for prompt caching on local models.
-func (c *Claude) ConfigureAliases(ctx context.Context, model string, existingAliases map[string]string, force bool) (map[string]string, bool, error) {
-	aliases := make(map[string]string)
-	for k, v := range existingAliases {
-		aliases[k] = v
-	}
-
-	if model != "" {
-		aliases["primary"] = model
-	}
-
-	if !force && aliases["primary"] != "" {
-		client, _ := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-		if isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["primary"]) {
-			if isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["fast"]) {
-				return aliases, false, nil
-			}
-		} else {
-			delete(aliases, "fast")
-			return aliases, false, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	items, existingModels, cloudModels, client, err := listModels(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n%sModel Configuration%s\n\n", ansiBold, ansiReset)
-
-	if aliases["primary"] == "" || force {
-		primary, err := selectPrompt("Select model:", items)
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[3A\033[J")
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		if err := pullIfNeeded(ctx, client, existingModels, primary); err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		if err := ensureAuth(ctx, client, cloudModels, []string{primary}); err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		aliases["primary"] = primary
-	}
-
-	if isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["primary"]) {
-		if aliases["fast"] == "" || !isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["fast"]) {
-			aliases["fast"] = aliases["primary"]
-		}
-	} else {
-		delete(aliases, "fast")
-	}
-
-	return aliases, true, nil
-}
-
-// SetAliases syncs the configured aliases to the Ollama server using prefix matching.
-// Cloud-only: for local models (fast is empty), we delete any existing aliases to
-// prevent stale routing to a previous cloud model.
-func (c *Claude) SetAliases(ctx context.Context, aliases map[string]string) error {
-	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	prefixes := []string{"claude-sonnet-", "claude-haiku-"}
-
-	if aliases["fast"] == "" {
-		for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-			_ = client.DeleteAliasExperimental(ctx, &api.AliasDeleteRequest{Alias: prefix})
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	prefixAliases := map[string]string{
-		"claude-sonnet-": aliases["primary"],
-		"claude-haiku-":  aliases["fast"],
-	}
-
-	var errs []string
-	for prefix, target := range prefixAliases {
-		req := &api.AliasRequest{
-			Alias:          prefix,
-			Target:         target,
-			PrefixMatching: true,
-		}
-		if err := client.SetAliasExperimental(ctx, req); err != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, prefix)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(errs) > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set aliases: %v", errs)
-	}
-	return nil
-}

cmd/config/claude_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -104,95 +103,3 @@ func TestClaudeArgs(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestClaudeModelEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &Claude{}
-
-	envMap := func(envs []string) map[string]string {
-		m := make(map[string]string)
-		for _, e := range envs {
-			k, v, _ := strings.Cut(e, "=")
-			m[k] = v
-		}
-		return m
-	}
-
-	t.Run("falls back to model param when no aliases saved", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("llama3.2"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "llama3.2" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want llama3.2", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"] != "llama3.2" {
-			t.Errorf("SONNET = %q, want llama3.2", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"] != "llama3.2" {
-			t.Errorf("HAIKU = %q, want llama3.2", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "llama3.2" {
-			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want llama3.2", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("uses primary alias for opus sonnet and subagent", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		saveIntegration("claude", []string{"qwen3:8b"})
-		saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "qwen3:8b"})
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("qwen3:8b"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want qwen3:8b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("SONNET = %q, want qwen3:8b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("HAIKU = %q, want qwen3:8b (no fast alias)", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want qwen3:8b", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("uses fast alias for haiku", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		saveIntegration("claude", []string{"llama3.2:70b"})
-		saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "llama3.2:70b",
-			"fast":    "llama3.2:8b",
-		})
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("llama3.2:70b"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:70b" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want llama3.2:70b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:70b" {
-			t.Errorf("SONNET = %q, want llama3.2:70b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("HAIKU = %q, want llama3.2:8b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:70b" {
-			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want llama3.2:70b", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("alias primary overrides model param", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		saveIntegration("claude", []string{"saved-model"})
-		saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "saved-model"})
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("different-model"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "saved-model" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want saved-model", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
-		}
-	})
-}

cmd/config/config.go

@@ -3,21 +3,26 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 )
 
 type integration struct {
-	Models  []string          `json:"models"`
-	Aliases map[string]string `json:"aliases,omitempty"`
+	Models []string `json:"models"`
 }
 
 type config struct {
-	Integrations map[string]*integration `json:"integrations"`
+	Integrations  map[string]*integration `json:"integrations"`
+	LastModel     string                  `json:"last_model,omitempty"`
+	LastSelection string                  `json:"last_selection,omitempty"` // "run" or integration name
 }
 
 func configPath() (string, error) {
@@ -53,6 +58,7 @@ func migrateConfig() (bool, error) {
 
 	var js json.RawMessage
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(oldData, &js); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("legacy config has invalid JSON, skipping migration", "path", oldPath, "error", err)
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ func migrateConfig() (bool, error) {
 	_ = os.Remove(oldPath)
 	_ = os.Remove(filepath.Dir(oldPath)) // clean up empty directory
 
+	slog.Info("migrated config", "from", oldPath, "to", newPath)
 	return true, nil
 }
 
@@ -131,21 +138,81 @@ func saveIntegration(appName string, models []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	key := strings.ToLower(appName)
-	existing := cfg.Integrations[key]
-	var aliases map[string]string
-	if existing != nil && existing.Aliases != nil {
-		aliases = existing.Aliases
-	}
-
-	cfg.Integrations[key] = &integration{
-		Models:  models,
-		Aliases: aliases,
+	cfg.Integrations[strings.ToLower(appName)] = &integration{
+		Models: models,
 	}
 
 	return save(cfg)
 }
 
+// IntegrationModel returns the first configured model for an integration, or empty string if not configured.
+func IntegrationModel(appName string) string {
+	ic, err := loadIntegration(appName)
+	if err != nil || len(ic.Models) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return ic.Models[0]
+}
+
+// LastModel returns the last model that was run, or empty string if none.
+func LastModel() string {
+	cfg, err := load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return cfg.LastModel
+}
+
+// SetLastModel saves the last model that was run.
+func SetLastModel(model string) error {
+	cfg, err := load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cfg.LastModel = model
+	return save(cfg)
+}
+
+// LastSelection returns the last menu selection ("run" or integration name), or empty string if none.
+func LastSelection() string {
+	cfg, err := load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return cfg.LastSelection
+}
+
+// SetLastSelection saves the last menu selection ("run" or integration name).
+func SetLastSelection(selection string) error {
+	cfg, err := load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cfg.LastSelection = selection
+	return save(cfg)
+}
+
+// ModelExists checks if a model exists on the Ollama server.
+func ModelExists(ctx context.Context, name string) bool {
+	if name == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	models, err := client.List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, m := range models.Models {
+		if m.Name == name || strings.HasPrefix(m.Name, name+":") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func loadIntegration(appName string) (*integration, error) {
 	cfg, err := load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -160,29 +227,6 @@ func loadIntegration(appName string) (*integration, error) {
 	return ic, nil
 }
 
-func saveAliases(appName string, aliases map[string]string) error {
-	if appName == "" {
-		return errors.New("app name cannot be empty")
-	}
-
-	cfg, err := load()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	key := strings.ToLower(appName)
-	existing := cfg.Integrations[key]
-	if existing == nil {
-		existing = &integration{}
-	}
-
-	// Replace aliases entirely (not merge) so deletions are persisted
-	existing.Aliases = aliases
-
-	cfg.Integrations[key] = existing
-	return save(cfg)
-}
-
 func listIntegrations() ([]integration, error) {
 	cfg, err := load()
 	if err != nil {

cmd/config/config_cloud_test.go

@@ -1,677 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestSetAliases_CloudModel(t *testing.T) {
-	// Test the SetAliases logic by checking the alias map behavior
-	aliases := map[string]string{
-		"primary": "kimi-k2.5:cloud",
-		"fast":    "kimi-k2.5:cloud",
-	}
-
-	// Verify fast is set (cloud model behavior)
-	if aliases["fast"] == "" {
-		t.Error("cloud model should have fast alias set")
-	}
-	if aliases["fast"] != aliases["primary"] {
-		t.Errorf("fast should equal primary for auto-set, got fast=%q primary=%q", aliases["fast"], aliases["primary"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSetAliases_LocalModel(t *testing.T) {
-	aliases := map[string]string{
-		"primary": "llama3.2:latest",
-	}
-	// Simulate local model behavior: fast should be empty
-	delete(aliases, "fast")
-
-	if aliases["fast"] != "" {
-		t.Error("local model should have empty fast alias")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSaveAliases_ReplacesNotMerges(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// First save with both primary and fast
-	initial := map[string]string{
-		"primary": "cloud-model",
-		"fast":    "cloud-model",
-	}
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", initial); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save initial aliases: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify both are saved
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "cloud-model" {
-		t.Errorf("expected fast=cloud-model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
-	}
-
-	// Now save without fast (simulating switch to local model)
-	updated := map[string]string{
-		"primary": "local-model",
-		// fast intentionally missing
-	}
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", updated); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save updated aliases: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify fast is GONE (not merged/preserved)
-	loaded, err = loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load after update: %v", err)
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "" {
-		t.Errorf("fast should be removed after saving without it, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "local-model" {
-		t.Errorf("primary should be updated to local-model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSaveAliases_PreservesModels(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// First save integration with models
-	if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{"model1", "model2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save integration: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Then update aliases
-	aliases := map[string]string{"primary": "new-model"}
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save aliases: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify models are preserved
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(loaded.Models) != 2 || loaded.Models[0] != "model1" {
-		t.Errorf("models should be preserved, got %v", loaded.Models)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestSaveAliases_EmptyMap clears all aliases
-func TestSaveAliases_EmptyMap(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Save with aliases
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model", "fast": "model"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Save empty map
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save empty: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(loaded.Aliases) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("aliases should be empty, got %v", loaded.Aliases)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestSaveAliases_NilMap handles nil gracefully
-func TestSaveAliases_NilMap(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Save with aliases first
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Save nil map - should clear aliases
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", nil); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save nil: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(loaded.Aliases) > 0 {
-		t.Errorf("aliases should be nil or empty, got %v", loaded.Aliases)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestSaveAliases_EmptyAppName returns error
-func TestSaveAliases_EmptyAppName(t *testing.T) {
-	err := saveAliases("", map[string]string{"primary": "model"})
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("expected error for empty app name")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSaveAliases_CaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	if err := saveAliases("Claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model1"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Load with different case
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "model1" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary=model1, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-	}
-
-	// Update with different case
-	if err := saveAliases("CLAUDE", map[string]string{"primary": "model2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to update: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	loaded, err = loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load after update: %v", err)
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "model2" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary=model2, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-	}
-}
-
-// TestSaveAliases_CreatesIntegration creates integration if it doesn't exist
-func TestSaveAliases_CreatesIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Save aliases for non-existent integration
-	if err := saveAliases("newintegration", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("newintegration")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "model" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary=model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestConfigureAliases_AliasMap(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("cloud model auto-sets fast to primary", func(t *testing.T) {
-		aliases := make(map[string]string)
-		aliases["primary"] = "cloud-model"
-
-		// Simulate cloud model behavior
-		isCloud := true
-		if isCloud {
-			if aliases["fast"] == "" {
-				aliases["fast"] = aliases["primary"]
-			}
-		}
-
-		if aliases["fast"] != "cloud-model" {
-			t.Errorf("expected fast=cloud-model, got %q", aliases["fast"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cloud model preserves custom fast", func(t *testing.T) {
-		aliases := map[string]string{
-			"primary": "cloud-model",
-			"fast":    "custom-fast-model",
-		}
-
-		// Simulate cloud model behavior - should preserve existing fast
-		isCloud := true
-		if isCloud {
-			if aliases["fast"] == "" {
-				aliases["fast"] = aliases["primary"]
-			}
-		}
-
-		if aliases["fast"] != "custom-fast-model" {
-			t.Errorf("expected fast=custom-fast-model (preserved), got %q", aliases["fast"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("local model clears fast", func(t *testing.T) {
-		aliases := map[string]string{
-			"primary": "local-model",
-			"fast":    "should-be-cleared",
-		}
-
-		// Simulate local model behavior
-		isCloud := false
-		if !isCloud {
-			delete(aliases, "fast")
-		}
-
-		if aliases["fast"] != "" {
-			t.Errorf("expected fast to be cleared, got %q", aliases["fast"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("switching cloud to local clears fast", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Start with cloud config
-		aliases := map[string]string{
-			"primary": "cloud-model",
-			"fast":    "cloud-model",
-		}
-
-		// Switch to local
-		aliases["primary"] = "local-model"
-		isCloud := false
-		if !isCloud {
-			delete(aliases, "fast")
-		}
-
-		if aliases["fast"] != "" {
-			t.Errorf("fast should be cleared when switching to local, got %q", aliases["fast"])
-		}
-		if aliases["primary"] != "local-model" {
-			t.Errorf("primary should be updated, got %q", aliases["primary"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("switching local to cloud sets fast", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Start with local config (no fast)
-		aliases := map[string]string{
-			"primary": "local-model",
-		}
-
-		// Switch to cloud
-		aliases["primary"] = "cloud-model"
-		isCloud := true
-		if isCloud {
-			if aliases["fast"] == "" {
-				aliases["fast"] = aliases["primary"]
-			}
-		}
-
-		if aliases["fast"] != "cloud-model" {
-			t.Errorf("fast should be set when switching to cloud, got %q", aliases["fast"])
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestSetAliases_PrefixMapping(t *testing.T) {
-	// This tests the expected mapping without needing a real client
-	aliases := map[string]string{
-		"primary": "my-cloud-model",
-		"fast":    "my-fast-model",
-	}
-
-	expectedMappings := map[string]string{
-		"claude-sonnet-": aliases["primary"],
-		"claude-haiku-":  aliases["fast"],
-	}
-
-	if expectedMappings["claude-sonnet-"] != "my-cloud-model" {
-		t.Errorf("claude-sonnet- should map to primary")
-	}
-	if expectedMappings["claude-haiku-"] != "my-fast-model" {
-		t.Errorf("claude-haiku- should map to fast")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSetAliases_LocalDeletesPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
-	aliases := map[string]string{
-		"primary": "local-model",
-		// fast is empty/missing - indicates local model
-	}
-
-	prefixesToDelete := []string{"claude-sonnet-", "claude-haiku-"}
-
-	// Verify the logic: when fast is empty, we should delete
-	if aliases["fast"] != "" {
-		t.Error("fast should be empty for local model")
-	}
-
-	// Verify we have the right prefixes to delete
-	if len(prefixesToDelete) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 2 prefixes to delete, got %d", len(prefixesToDelete))
-	}
-}
-
-// TestAtomicUpdate_ServerFailsConfigNotSaved simulates atomic update behavior
-func TestAtomicUpdate_ServerFailsConfigNotSaved(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Simulate: server fails, config should NOT be saved
-	serverErr := errors.New("server unavailable")
-
-	if serverErr == nil {
-		t.Error("config should NOT be saved when server fails")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestAtomicUpdate_ServerSucceedsConfigSaved simulates successful atomic update
-func TestAtomicUpdate_ServerSucceedsConfigSaved(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Simulate: server succeeds, config should be saved
-	var serverErr error
-	if serverErr != nil {
-		t.Fatal("server should succeed")
-	}
-
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("saveAliases failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify it was actually saved
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-	}
-	if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "model" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary=model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestConfigFile_PreservesUnknownFields(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Write config with extra fields
-	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".ollama", "config.json")
-	os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755)
-
-	// Note: Our config struct only has Integrations, so top-level unknown fields
-	// won't be preserved by our current implementation. This test documents that.
-	initialConfig := `{
-  "integrations": {
-    "claude": {
-      "models": ["model1"],
-      "aliases": {"primary": "model1"},
-      "unknownField": "should be lost"
-    }
-  },
-  "topLevelUnknown": "will be lost"
-}`
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(initialConfig), 0o644)
-
-	// Update aliases
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Read raw file to check
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	content := string(data)
-
-	// models should be preserved
-	if !contains(content, "model1") {
-		t.Error("models should be preserved")
-	}
-
-	// primary should be updated
-	if !contains(content, "model2") {
-		t.Error("primary should be updated to model2")
-	}
-}
-
-func contains(s, substr string) bool {
-	return len(s) >= len(substr) && (s == substr || len(s) > 0 && containsHelper(s, substr))
-}
-
-func containsHelper(s, substr string) bool {
-	for i := 0; i <= len(s)-len(substr); i++ {
-		if s[i:i+len(substr)] == substr {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func TestClaudeImplementsAliasConfigurer(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &Claude{}
-	var _ AliasConfigurer = c // Compile-time check
-}
-
-func TestModelNameEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name  string
-		model string
-	}{
-		{"simple", "llama3.2"},
-		{"with tag", "llama3.2:latest"},
-		{"with cloud tag", "kimi-k2.5:cloud"},
-		{"with namespace", "library/llama3.2"},
-		{"with dots", "glm-4.7-flash"},
-		{"with numbers", "qwen3:8b"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-			setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-			aliases := map[string]string{"primary": tc.model}
-			if err := saveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to save model %q: %v", tc.model, err)
-			}
-
-			loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
-			}
-			if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != tc.model {
-				t.Errorf("expected primary=%q, got %q", tc.model, loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("cloud to local removes fast", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		// Initial cloud config
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "cloud-model",
-			"fast":    "cloud-model",
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		// Switch to local (no fast)
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "local-model",
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "" {
-			t.Errorf("fast should be removed, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
-		}
-		if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "local-model" {
-			t.Errorf("primary should be local-model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("local to cloud adds fast", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		// Initial local config
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "local-model",
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		// Switch to cloud (with fast)
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "cloud-model",
-			"fast":    "cloud-model",
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "cloud-model" {
-			t.Errorf("fast should be cloud-model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cloud to different cloud updates both", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		// Initial cloud config
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "cloud-model-1",
-			"fast":    "cloud-model-1",
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		// Switch to different cloud
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "cloud-model-2",
-			"fast":    "cloud-model-2",
-		}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "cloud-model-2" {
-			t.Errorf("primary should be cloud-model-2, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-		}
-		if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "cloud-model-2" {
-			t.Errorf("fast should be cloud-model-2, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestToolCapabilityFiltering(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("all models checked for tool capability", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Both cloud and local models are checked for tool capability via Show API
-		// Only models with "tools" in capabilities are included
-		m := modelInfo{Name: "tool-model", Remote: false, ToolCapable: true}
-		if !m.ToolCapable {
-			t.Error("tool capable model should be marked as such")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("modelInfo includes ToolCapable field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := modelInfo{Name: "test", Remote: true, ToolCapable: true}
-		if !m.ToolCapable {
-			t.Error("ToolCapable field should be accessible")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestIsCloudModel_RequiresClient(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("nil client always returns false", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// isCloudModel now only uses Show API, no suffix detection
-		if isCloudModel(context.Background(), nil, "model:cloud") {
-			t.Error("nil client should return false regardless of suffix")
-		}
-		if isCloudModel(context.Background(), nil, "local-model") {
-			t.Error("nil client should return false")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestModelsAndAliasesMustStayInSync(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("saveAliases followed by saveIntegration keeps them in sync", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		// Save aliases with one model
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model-a"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		// Save integration with same model (this is the pattern we use)
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != loaded.Models[0] {
-			t.Errorf("aliases.primary (%q) != models[0] (%q)", loaded.Aliases["primary"], loaded.Models[0])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("out of sync config is detectable", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		// Simulate out-of-sync state (like manual edit or bug)
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{"old-model"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "new-model"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
-
-		// They should be different (this is the bug state)
-		if loaded.Models[0] == loaded.Aliases["primary"] {
-			t.Error("expected out-of-sync state for this test")
-		}
-
-		// The fix: when updating aliases, also update models
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{loaded.Aliases["primary"]}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ = loadIntegration("claude")
-		if loaded.Models[0] != loaded.Aliases["primary"] {
-			t.Errorf("after fix: models[0] (%q) should equal aliases.primary (%q)",
-				loaded.Models[0], loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("updating primary alias updates models too", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		// Initial state
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{"initial-model"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "initial-model"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		// Update aliases AND models together
-		newAliases := map[string]string{"primary": "updated-model"}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", newAliases); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{newAliases["primary"]}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if loaded.Models[0] != "updated-model" {
-			t.Errorf("models[0] should be updated-model, got %q", loaded.Models[0])
-		}
-		if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "updated-model" {
-			t.Errorf("aliases.primary should be updated-model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
-		}
-	})
-}

cmd/config/config_test.go

@@ -46,53 +46,6 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("save and load aliases", func(t *testing.T) {
-		models := []string{"llama3.2"}
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", models); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		aliases := map[string]string{
-			"primary": "llama3.2:70b",
-			"fast":    "llama3.2:8b",
-		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		config, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if config.Aliases == nil {
-			t.Fatal("expected aliases to be saved")
-		}
-		for k, v := range aliases {
-			if config.Aliases[k] != v {
-				t.Errorf("alias %s: expected %s, got %s", k, v, config.Aliases[k])
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("saveIntegration preserves aliases", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model-a", "fast": "model-small"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if err := saveIntegration("claude", []string{"model-b"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		config, err := loadIntegration("claude")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if config.Aliases["primary"] != "model-a" {
-			t.Errorf("expected aliases to be preserved, got %v", config.Aliases)
-		}
-	})
-
 	t.Run("defaultModel returns first model", func(t *testing.T) {
 		saveIntegration("codex", []string{"model-a", "model-b"})
 

cmd/config/integrations.go

@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"maps"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
@@ -39,15 +42,6 @@ type Editor interface {
 	Models() []string
 }
 
-// AliasConfigurer can configure model aliases (e.g., for subagent routing).
-// Integrations like Claude and Codex use this to route model requests to local models.
-type AliasConfigurer interface {
-	// ConfigureAliases prompts the user to configure aliases and returns the updated map.
-	ConfigureAliases(ctx context.Context, primaryModel string, existing map[string]string, force bool) (map[string]string, bool, error)
-	// SetAliases syncs the configured aliases to the server
-	SetAliases(ctx context.Context, aliases map[string]string) error
-}
-
 // integrations is the registry of available integrations.
 var integrations = map[string]Runner{
 	"claude":   &Claude{},
@@ -61,7 +55,7 @@ var integrations = map[string]Runner{
 
 // recommendedModels are shown when the user has no models or as suggestions.
 // Order matters: local models first, then cloud models.
-var recommendedModels = []selectItem{
+var recommendedModels = []ModelItem{
 	{Name: "glm-4.7-flash", Description: "Recommended (requires ~25GB VRAM)"},
 	{Name: "qwen3:8b", Description: "Recommended (requires ~11GB VRAM)"},
 	{Name: "glm-4.7:cloud", Description: "Recommended"},
@@ -74,6 +68,256 @@ var integrationAliases = map[string]bool{
 	"moltbot":  true,
 }
 
+// integrationInstallURLs maps integration names to their install script URLs.
+var integrationInstallURLs = map[string]string{
+	"claude":   "https://claude.ai/install.sh",
+	"openclaw": "https://openclaw.ai/install.sh",
+	"droid":    "https://app.factory.ai/cli",
+	"opencode": "https://opencode.ai/install",
+}
+
+// CanInstallIntegration returns true if we have an install script for this integration.
+func CanInstallIntegration(name string) bool {
+	_, ok := integrationInstallURLs[name]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// IsIntegrationInstalled checks if an integration binary is installed.
+func IsIntegrationInstalled(name string) bool {
+	switch name {
+	case "claude":
+		c := &Claude{}
+		_, err := c.findPath()
+		return err == nil
+	case "openclaw":
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath("openclaw"); err == nil {
+			return true
+		}
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath("clawdbot"); err == nil {
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	case "codex":
+		_, err := exec.LookPath("codex")
+		return err == nil
+	case "droid":
+		_, err := exec.LookPath("droid")
+		return err == nil
+	case "opencode":
+		_, err := exec.LookPath("opencode")
+		return err == nil
+	default:
+		return true // Assume installed for unknown integrations
+	}
+}
+
+// InstallIntegration downloads and runs the install script for an integration.
+func InstallIntegration(name string) error {
+	url, ok := integrationInstallURLs[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no install script available for %s", name)
+	}
+
+	// Download the install script
+	resp, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to download install script: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to download install script: HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	script, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read install script: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a temporary file for the script
+	tmpDir := os.TempDir()
+	scriptPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, fmt.Sprintf("install-%s.sh", name))
+	if err := os.WriteFile(scriptPath, script, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write install script: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(scriptPath)
+
+	// Execute the script with bash
+	cmd := exec.Command("bash", scriptPath)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("install script failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SelectModel lets the user select a model to run.
+// ModelItem represents a model for selection.
+type ModelItem struct {
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+}
+
+// SingleSelector is a function type for single item selection.
+type SingleSelector func(title string, items []ModelItem) (string, error)
+
+// MultiSelector is a function type for multi item selection.
+type MultiSelector func(title string, items []ModelItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error)
+
+// SelectModelWithSelector prompts the user to select a model using the provided selector.
+func SelectModelWithSelector(ctx context.Context, selector SingleSelector) (string, error) {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	models, err := client.List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	var existing []modelInfo
+	for _, m := range models.Models {
+		existing = append(existing, modelInfo{Name: m.Name, Remote: m.RemoteModel != ""})
+	}
+
+	lastModel := LastModel()
+	var preChecked []string
+	if lastModel != "" {
+		preChecked = []string{lastModel}
+	}
+
+	items, _, existingModels, cloudModels := buildModelList(existing, preChecked, lastModel)
+
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no models available, run 'ollama pull <model>' first")
+	}
+
+	// Sort with last model first, then existing models, then recommendations
+	slices.SortStableFunc(items, func(a, b ModelItem) int {
+		aIsLast := a.Name == lastModel
+		bIsLast := b.Name == lastModel
+		if aIsLast != bIsLast {
+			if aIsLast {
+				return -1
+			}
+			return 1
+		}
+		aExists := existingModels[a.Name]
+		bExists := existingModels[b.Name]
+		if aExists != bExists {
+			if aExists {
+				return -1
+			}
+			return 1
+		}
+		return strings.Compare(strings.ToLower(a.Name), strings.ToLower(b.Name))
+	})
+
+	selected, err := selector("Select model to run:", items)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// If the selected model isn't installed, pull it first
+	if !existingModels[selected] {
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("Download %s?", selected)
+		if ok, err := confirmPrompt(msg); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		} else if !ok {
+			return "", errCancelled
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n")
+		if err := pullModel(ctx, client, selected); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to pull %s: %w", selected, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If it's a cloud model, ensure user is signed in
+	if cloudModels[selected] {
+		user, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
+		if err == nil && user != nil && user.Name != "" {
+			return selected, nil
+		}
+
+		var aErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if !errors.As(err, &aErr) || aErr.SigninURL == "" {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		yes, err := confirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("sign in to use %s?", selected))
+		if err != nil || !yes {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%s requires sign in", selected)
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nTo sign in, navigate to:\n    %s\n\n", aErr.SigninURL)
+
+		// Auto-open browser (best effort, fail silently)
+		switch runtime.GOOS {
+		case "darwin":
+			_ = exec.Command("open", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
+		case "linux":
+			_ = exec.Command("xdg-open", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
+		case "windows":
+			_ = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
+		}
+
+		spinnerFrames := []string{"|", "/", "-", "\\"}
+		frame := 0
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[90mwaiting for sign in to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[0])
+
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(200 * time.Millisecond)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K")
+				return "", ctx.Err()
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				frame++
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[90mwaiting for sign in to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[frame%len(spinnerFrames)])
+
+				// poll every 10th frame (~2 seconds)
+				if frame%10 == 0 {
+					u, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
+					if err == nil && u != nil && u.Name != "" {
+						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K\033[A\r\033[K\033[1msigned in:\033[0m %s\n", u.Name)
+						return selected, nil
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return selected, nil
+}
+
+func SelectModel(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	return SelectModelWithSelector(ctx, defaultSingleSelector)
+}
+
+func defaultSingleSelector(title string, items []ModelItem) (string, error) {
+	selectItems := make([]selectItem, len(items))
+	for i, item := range items {
+		selectItems[i] = selectItem(item)
+	}
+	return selectPrompt(title, selectItems)
+}
+
+func defaultMultiSelector(title string, items []ModelItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
+	selectItems := make([]selectItem, len(items))
+	for i, item := range items {
+		selectItems[i] = selectItem(item)
+	}
+	return multiSelectPrompt(title, selectItems, preChecked)
+}
+
 func selectIntegration() (string, error) {
 	if len(integrations) == 0 {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no integrations available")
@@ -96,8 +340,8 @@ func selectIntegration() (string, error) {
 	return selectPrompt("Select integration:", items)
 }
 
-// selectModels lets the user select models for an integration
-func selectModels(ctx context.Context, name, current string) ([]string, error) {
+// selectModelsWithSelectors lets the user select models for an integration using provided selectors.
+func selectModelsWithSelectors(ctx context.Context, name, current string, single SingleSelector, multi MultiSelector) ([]string, error) {
 	r, ok := integrations[name]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown integration: %s", name)
@@ -133,16 +377,12 @@ func selectModels(ctx context.Context, name, current string) ([]string, error) {
 
 	var selected []string
 	if _, ok := r.(Editor); ok {
-		selected, err = multiSelectPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("Select models for %s:", r), items, preChecked)
+		selected, err = multi(fmt.Sprintf("Select models for %s:", r), items, preChecked)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		prompt := fmt.Sprintf("Select model for %s:", r)
-		if _, ok := r.(AliasConfigurer); ok {
-			prompt = fmt.Sprintf("Select Primary model for %s:", r)
-		}
-		model, err := selectPrompt(prompt, items)
+		model, err := single(fmt.Sprintf("Select model for %s:", r), items)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -170,137 +410,78 @@ func selectModels(ctx context.Context, name, current string) ([]string, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := ensureAuth(ctx, client, cloudModels, selected); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return selected, nil
-}
-
-func pullIfNeeded(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, existingModels map[string]bool, model string) error {
-	if existingModels[model] {
-		return nil
-	}
-	msg := fmt.Sprintf("Download %s?", model)
-	if ok, err := confirmPrompt(msg); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if !ok {
-		return errCancelled
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n")
-	if err := pullModel(ctx, client, model); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to pull %s: %w", model, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// showOrPull checks if a model exists via client.Show and offers to pull it if not found.
-func showOrPull(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string) error {
-	if _, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: model}); err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if ok, err := confirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("Download %s?", model)); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if !ok {
-		return errCancelled
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n")
-	return pullModel(ctx, client, model)
-}
-
-func listModels(ctx context.Context) ([]selectItem, map[string]bool, map[string]bool, *api.Client, error) {
-	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	models, err := client.List(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	var existing []modelInfo
-	for _, m := range models.Models {
-		existing = append(existing, modelInfo{
-			Name:   m.Name,
-			Remote: m.RemoteModel != "",
-		})
-	}
-
-	items, _, existingModels, cloudModels := buildModelList(existing, nil, "")
-
-	if len(items) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no models available, run 'ollama pull <model>' first")
-	}
-
-	return items, existingModels, cloudModels, client, nil
-}
-
-func ensureAuth(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, cloudModels map[string]bool, selected []string) error {
 	var selectedCloudModels []string
 	for _, m := range selected {
 		if cloudModels[m] {
 			selectedCloudModels = append(selectedCloudModels, m)
 		}
 	}
-	if len(selectedCloudModels) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
+	if len(selectedCloudModels) > 0 {
+		// ensure user is signed in
+		user, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
+		if err == nil && user != nil && user.Name != "" {
+			return selected, nil
+		}
 
-	user, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
-	if err == nil && user != nil && user.Name != "" {
-		return nil
-	}
+		var aErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if !errors.As(err, &aErr) || aErr.SigninURL == "" {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 
-	var aErr api.AuthorizationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &aErr) || aErr.SigninURL == "" {
-		return err
-	}
+		modelList := strings.Join(selectedCloudModels, ", ")
+		yes, err := confirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("sign in to use %s?", modelList))
+		if err != nil || !yes {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s requires sign in", modelList)
+		}
 
-	modelList := strings.Join(selectedCloudModels, ", ")
-	yes, err := confirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("sign in to use %s?", modelList))
-	if err != nil || !yes {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s requires sign in", modelList)
-	}
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nTo sign in, navigate to:\n    %s\n\n", aErr.SigninURL)
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nTo sign in, navigate to:\n    %s\n\n", aErr.SigninURL)
+		// TODO(parthsareen): extract into auth package for cmd
+		// Auto-open browser (best effort, fail silently)
+		switch runtime.GOOS {
+		case "darwin":
+			_ = exec.Command("open", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
+		case "linux":
+			_ = exec.Command("xdg-open", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
+		case "windows":
+			_ = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
+		}
 
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "darwin":
-		_ = exec.Command("open", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
-	case "linux":
-		_ = exec.Command("xdg-open", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
-	case "windows":
-		_ = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", aErr.SigninURL).Start()
-	}
+		spinnerFrames := []string{"|", "/", "-", "\\"}
+		frame := 0
 
-	spinnerFrames := []string{"|", "/", "-", "\\"}
-	frame := 0
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[90mwaiting for sign in to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[0])
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[90mwaiting for sign in to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[0])
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(200 * time.Millisecond)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
 
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(200 * time.Millisecond)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K")
+				return nil, ctx.Err()
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				frame++
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[90mwaiting for sign in to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[frame%len(spinnerFrames)])
 
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K")
-			return ctx.Err()
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			frame++
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[90mwaiting for sign in to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[frame%len(spinnerFrames)])
-
-			// poll every 10th frame (~2 seconds)
-			if frame%10 == 0 {
-				u, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
-				if err == nil && u != nil && u.Name != "" {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K\033[A\r\033[K\033[1msigned in:\033[0m %s\n", u.Name)
-					return nil
+				// poll every 10th frame (~2 seconds)
+				if frame%10 == 0 {
+					u, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
+					if err == nil && u != nil && u.Name != "" {
+						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K\033[A\r\033[K\033[1msigned in:\033[0m %s\n", u.Name)
+						return selected, nil
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	return selected, nil
+}
+
+// selectModels lets the user select models for an integration using default selectors.
+func selectModels(ctx context.Context, name, current string) ([]string, error) {
+	return selectModelsWithSelectors(ctx, name, current, defaultSingleSelector, defaultMultiSelector)
 }
 
 func runIntegration(name, modelName string, args []string) error {
@@ -308,42 +489,114 @@ func runIntegration(name, modelName string, args []string) error {
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unknown integration: %s", name)
 	}
-
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nLaunching %s with %s...\n", r, modelName)
 	return r.Run(modelName, args)
 }
 
-// syncAliases syncs aliases to server and saves locally for an AliasConfigurer.
-func syncAliases(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, ac AliasConfigurer, name, model string, existing map[string]string) error {
-	aliases := make(map[string]string)
-	for k, v := range existing {
-		aliases[k] = v
+// LaunchIntegration launches the named integration using saved config or prompts for setup.
+func LaunchIntegration(name string) error {
+	r, ok := integrations[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown integration: %s", name)
 	}
-	aliases["primary"] = model
 
-	if isCloudModel(ctx, client, model) {
-		if aliases["fast"] == "" || !isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["fast"]) {
-			aliases["fast"] = model
+	// Try to use saved config
+	if config, err := loadIntegration(name); err == nil && len(config.Models) > 0 {
+		return runIntegration(name, config.Models[0], nil)
+	}
+
+	// No saved config - prompt user to run setup
+	return fmt.Errorf("%s is not configured. Run 'ollama launch %s' to set it up", r, name)
+}
+
+// LaunchIntegrationWithModel launches the named integration with the specified model.
+func LaunchIntegrationWithModel(name, modelName string) error {
+	return runIntegration(name, modelName, nil)
+}
+
+// SaveIntegrationModel saves the model for an integration.
+func SaveIntegrationModel(name, modelName string) error {
+	// Load existing models and prepend the new one
+	var models []string
+	if existing, err := loadIntegration(name); err == nil && len(existing.Models) > 0 {
+		models = existing.Models
+		// Remove the model if it already exists
+		for i, m := range models {
+			if m == modelName {
+				models = append(models[:i], models[i+1:]...)
+				break
+			}
 		}
-	} else {
-		delete(aliases, "fast")
+	}
+	// Prepend the new model
+	models = append([]string{modelName}, models...)
+	return saveIntegration(name, models)
+}
+
+// ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors allows the user to select/change the model for an integration using custom selectors.
+func ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors(ctx context.Context, name string, single SingleSelector, multi MultiSelector) error {
+	r, ok := integrations[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown integration: %s", name)
 	}
 
-	if err := ac.SetAliases(ctx, aliases); err != nil {
+	models, err := selectModelsWithSelectors(ctx, name, "", single, multi)
+	if errors.Is(err, errCancelled) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return saveAliases(name, aliases)
+
+	if editor, isEditor := r.(Editor); isEditor {
+		paths := editor.Paths()
+		if len(paths) > 0 {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "This will modify your %s configuration:\n", r)
+			for _, p := range paths {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  %s\n", p)
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Backups will be saved to %s/\n\n", backupDir())
+
+			if ok, _ := confirmPrompt("Proceed?"); !ok {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := editor.Edit(models); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("setup failed: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := saveIntegration(name, models); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(models) == 1 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Configured %s with %s\n", r, models[0])
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Configured %s with %d models (default: %s)\n", r, len(models), models[0])
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ConfigureIntegration allows the user to select/change the model for an integration.
+func ConfigureIntegration(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
+	return ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors(ctx, name, defaultSingleSelector, defaultMultiSelector)
 }
 
 // LaunchCmd returns the cobra command for launching integrations.
-func LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error) *cobra.Command {
+// The runTUI callback is called when no arguments are provided (alias for main TUI).
+func LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error, runTUI func(cmd *cobra.Command)) *cobra.Command {
 	var modelFlag string
 	var configFlag bool
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "launch [INTEGRATION] [-- [EXTRA_ARGS...]]",
-		Short: "Launch an integration with Ollama",
-		Long: `Launch an integration configured with Ollama models.
+		Short: "Launch the Ollama menu or an integration",
+		Long: `Launch the Ollama interactive menu, or directly launch a specific integration.
+
+Without arguments, this is equivalent to running 'ollama' directly.
 
 Supported integrations:
   claude    Claude Code
@@ -362,6 +615,12 @@ Examples:
 		Args:    cobra.ArbitraryArgs,
 		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			// No args - run the main TUI (same as 'ollama')
+			if len(args) == 0 && modelFlag == "" && !configFlag {
+				runTUI(cmd)
+				return nil
+			}
+
 			// Extract integration name and args to pass through using -- separator
 			var name string
 			var passArgs []string
@@ -402,102 +661,9 @@ Examples:
 				return fmt.Errorf("unknown integration: %s", name)
 			}
 
-			// Handle AliasConfigurer integrations (claude, codex)
-			if ac, ok := r.(AliasConfigurer); ok {
-				client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				// Validate --model flag if provided
-				if modelFlag != "" {
-					if err := showOrPull(cmd.Context(), client, modelFlag); err != nil {
-						if errors.Is(err, errCancelled) {
-							return nil
-						}
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-
-				var model string
-				var existingAliases map[string]string
-
-				// Load saved config
-				if cfg, err := loadIntegration(name); err == nil {
-					existingAliases = cfg.Aliases
-					if len(cfg.Models) > 0 {
-						model = cfg.Models[0]
-						// AliasConfigurer integrations use single model; sanitize if multiple
-						if len(cfg.Models) > 1 {
-							_ = saveIntegration(name, []string{model})
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-				// --model flag overrides saved model
-				if modelFlag != "" {
-					model = modelFlag
-				}
-
-				// Validate saved model still exists
-				if model != "" && modelFlag == "" {
-					if _, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: model}); err != nil {
-						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sConfigured model %q not found%s\n\n", ansiGray, model, ansiReset)
-						if err := showOrPull(cmd.Context(), client, model); err != nil {
-							model = ""
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-				// If no valid model or --config flag, show picker
-				if model == "" || configFlag {
-					aliases, _, err := ac.ConfigureAliases(cmd.Context(), model, existingAliases, configFlag)
-					if errors.Is(err, errCancelled) {
-						return nil
-					}
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-					model = aliases["primary"]
-					existingAliases = aliases
-				}
-
-				// Ensure cloud models are authenticated
-				if isCloudModel(cmd.Context(), client, model) {
-					if err := ensureAuth(cmd.Context(), client, map[string]bool{model: true}, []string{model}); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Sync aliases and save
-				if err := syncAliases(cmd.Context(), client, ac, name, model, existingAliases); err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sWarning: Could not sync aliases: %v%s\n", ansiGray, err, ansiReset)
-				}
-				if err := saveIntegration(name, []string{model}); err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("failed to save: %w", err)
-				}
-
-				// Launch (unless --config without confirmation)
-				if configFlag {
-					if launch, _ := confirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("Launch %s now?", r)); launch {
-						return runIntegration(name, model, passArgs)
-					}
-					return nil
-				}
-				return runIntegration(name, model, passArgs)
-			}
-
-			// Validate --model flag for non-AliasConfigurer integrations
-			if modelFlag != "" {
-				client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if err := showOrPull(cmd.Context(), client, modelFlag); err != nil {
-					if errors.Is(err, errCancelled) {
-						return nil
-					}
-					return err
+			if !configFlag && modelFlag == "" {
+				if config, err := loadIntegration(name); err == nil && len(config.Models) > 0 {
+					return runIntegration(name, config.Models[0], passArgs)
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -511,8 +677,6 @@ Examples:
 						}
 					}
 				}
-			} else if saved, err := loadIntegration(name); err == nil && len(saved.Models) > 0 && !configFlag {
-				return runIntegration(name, saved.Models[0], passArgs)
 			} else {
 				var err error
 				models, err = selectModels(cmd.Context(), name, "")
@@ -575,14 +739,13 @@ Examples:
 }
 
 type modelInfo struct {
-	Name        string
-	Remote      bool
-	ToolCapable bool
+	Name   string
+	Remote bool
 }
 
 // buildModelList merges existing models with recommendations, sorts them, and returns
 // the ordered items along with maps of existing and cloud model names.
-func buildModelList(existing []modelInfo, preChecked []string, current string) (items []selectItem, orderedChecked []string, existingModels, cloudModels map[string]bool) {
+func buildModelList(existing []modelInfo, preChecked []string, current string) (items []ModelItem, orderedChecked []string, existingModels, cloudModels map[string]bool) {
 	existingModels = make(map[string]bool)
 	cloudModels = make(map[string]bool)
 	recommended := make(map[string]bool)
@@ -602,7 +765,7 @@ func buildModelList(existing []modelInfo, preChecked []string, current string) (
 		}
 		displayName := strings.TrimSuffix(m.Name, ":latest")
 		existingModels[displayName] = true
-		item := selectItem{Name: displayName}
+		item := ModelItem{Name: displayName}
 		if recommended[displayName] {
 			item.Description = "recommended"
 		}
@@ -614,7 +777,7 @@ func buildModelList(existing []modelInfo, preChecked []string, current string) (
 			continue
 		}
 		items = append(items, rec)
-		if strings.HasSuffix(rec.Name, ":cloud") {
+		if isCloudModel(rec.Name) {
 			cloudModels[rec.Name] = true
 		}
 	}
@@ -651,7 +814,7 @@ func buildModelList(existing []modelInfo, preChecked []string, current string) (
 	}
 
 	if hasLocalModel || hasCloudModel {
-		slices.SortStableFunc(items, func(a, b selectItem) int {
+		slices.SortStableFunc(items, func(a, b ModelItem) int {
 			ac, bc := checked[a.Name], checked[b.Name]
 			aNew, bNew := notInstalled[a.Name], notInstalled[b.Name]
 
@@ -674,16 +837,58 @@ func buildModelList(existing []modelInfo, preChecked []string, current string) (
 	return items, preChecked, existingModels, cloudModels
 }
 
-// isCloudModel checks if a model is a cloud model using the Show API.
-func isCloudModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, name string) bool {
-	if client == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: name})
+func isCloudModel(name string) bool {
+	return strings.HasSuffix(name, ":cloud")
+}
+
+// GetModelItems returns a list of model items including recommendations for the TUI.
+// It includes all locally available models plus recommended models that aren't installed.
+func GetModelItems(ctx context.Context) ([]ModelItem, map[string]bool) {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
-		return false
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return resp.RemoteModel != ""
+
+	models, err := client.List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var existing []modelInfo
+	for _, m := range models.Models {
+		existing = append(existing, modelInfo{Name: m.Name, Remote: m.RemoteModel != ""})
+	}
+
+	lastModel := LastModel()
+	var preChecked []string
+	if lastModel != "" {
+		preChecked = []string{lastModel}
+	}
+
+	items, _, existingModels, _ := buildModelList(existing, preChecked, lastModel)
+
+	// Sort with last model first, then existing models, then recommendations
+	slices.SortStableFunc(items, func(a, b ModelItem) int {
+		aIsLast := a.Name == lastModel
+		bIsLast := b.Name == lastModel
+		if aIsLast != bIsLast {
+			if aIsLast {
+				return -1
+			}
+			return 1
+		}
+		aExists := existingModels[a.Name]
+		bExists := existingModels[b.Name]
+		if aExists != bExists {
+			if aExists {
+				return -1
+			}
+			return 1
+		}
+		return strings.Compare(strings.ToLower(a.Name), strings.ToLower(b.Name))
+	})
+
+	return items, existingModels
 }
 
 func pullModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string) error {

cmd/config/integrations_test.go

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"net/url"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -94,8 +88,10 @@ func TestLaunchCmd(t *testing.T) {
 	mockCheck := func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
+	// Mock TUI function (not called in these tests)
+	mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {}
 
-	cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck)
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
 
 	t.Run("command structure", func(t *testing.T) {
 		if cmd.Use != "launch [INTEGRATION] [-- [EXTRA_ARGS...]]" {
@@ -128,6 +124,75 @@ func TestLaunchCmd(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestLaunchCmd_TUICallback(t *testing.T) {
+	mockCheck := func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	t.Run("no args calls TUI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
+		_ = cmd.Execute()
+
+		if !tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should be called when no args provided")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("integration arg bypasses TUI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"claude"})
+		// Will error because claude isn't configured, but that's OK
+		_ = cmd.Execute()
+
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when integration arg provided")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("--model flag bypasses TUI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--model", "test-model"})
+		// Will error because no integration specified, but that's OK
+		_ = cmd.Execute()
+
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when --model flag provided")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("--config flag bypasses TUI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--config"})
+		// Will error because no integration specified, but that's OK
+		_ = cmd.Execute()
+
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when --config flag provided")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 func TestRunIntegration_UnknownIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	err := runIntegration("unknown-integration", "model", nil)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -168,7 +233,7 @@ func TestHasLocalModel_DocumentsHeuristic(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestLaunchCmd_NilHeartbeat(t *testing.T) {
 	// This should not panic - cmd creation should work even with nil
-	cmd := LaunchCmd(nil)
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(nil, nil)
 	if cmd == nil {
 		t.Fatal("LaunchCmd returned nil")
 	}
@@ -303,18 +368,27 @@ func TestParseArgs(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIsCloudModel(t *testing.T) {
-	// isCloudModel now only uses Show API, so nil client always returns false
-	t.Run("nil client returns false", func(t *testing.T) {
-		models := []string{"glm-4.7:cloud", "kimi-k2.5:cloud", "local-model"}
-		for _, model := range models {
-			if isCloudModel(context.Background(), nil, model) {
-				t.Errorf("isCloudModel(%q) with nil client should return false", model)
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"glm-4.7:cloud", true},
+		{"kimi-k2.5:cloud", true},
+		{"glm-4.7-flash", false},
+		{"glm-4.7-flash:latest", false},
+		{"cloud-model", false},
+		{"model:cloudish", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isCloudModel(tt.name); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isCloudModel(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.name, got, tt.want)
 			}
-		}
-	})
+		})
+	}
 }
 
-func names(items []selectItem) []string {
+func names(items []ModelItem) []string {
 	var out []string
 	for _, item := range items {
 		out = append(out, item.Name)
@@ -506,174 +580,3 @@ func TestBuildModelList_ReturnsExistingAndCloudMaps(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("llama3.2 should not be in cloudModels")
 	}
 }
-
-func TestEditorIntegration_SavedConfigSkipsSelection(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Save a config for opencode so it looks like a previous launch
-	if err := saveIntegration("opencode", []string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify loadIntegration returns the saved models
-	saved, err := loadIntegration("opencode")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(saved.Models) == 0 {
-		t.Fatal("expected saved models")
-	}
-	if saved.Models[0] != "llama3.2" {
-		t.Errorf("expected llama3.2, got %s", saved.Models[0])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAliasConfigurerInterface(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("claude implements AliasConfigurer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		claude := &Claude{}
-		if _, ok := interface{}(claude).(AliasConfigurer); !ok {
-			t.Error("Claude should implement AliasConfigurer")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("codex does not implement AliasConfigurer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		codex := &Codex{}
-		if _, ok := interface{}(codex).(AliasConfigurer); ok {
-			t.Error("Codex should not implement AliasConfigurer")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestShowOrPull_ModelExists(t *testing.T) {
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.URL.Path == "/api/show" {
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"model":"test-model"}`)
-			return
-		}
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
-	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
-
-	err := showOrPull(context.Background(), client, "test-model")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("showOrPull should return nil when model exists, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestShowOrPull_ModelNotFound_NoTerminal(t *testing.T) {
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"error":"model not found"}`)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
-	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
-
-	// confirmPrompt will fail in test (no terminal), so showOrPull should return an error
-	err := showOrPull(context.Background(), client, "missing-model")
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("showOrPull should return error when model not found and no terminal available")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestShowOrPull_ShowCalledWithCorrectModel(t *testing.T) {
-	var receivedModel string
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.URL.Path == "/api/show" {
-			var req api.ShowRequest
-			if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err == nil {
-				receivedModel = req.Model
-			}
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"model":"%s"}`, receivedModel)
-			return
-		}
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
-	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
-
-	_ = showOrPull(context.Background(), client, "qwen3:8b")
-	if receivedModel != "qwen3:8b" {
-		t.Errorf("expected Show to be called with %q, got %q", "qwen3:8b", receivedModel)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEnsureAuth_NoCloudModels(t *testing.T) {
-	// ensureAuth should be a no-op when no cloud models are selected
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		t.Error("no API calls expected when no cloud models selected")
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
-	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
-
-	err := ensureAuth(context.Background(), client, map[string]bool{}, []string{"local-model"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("ensureAuth should return nil for non-cloud models, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEnsureAuth_CloudModelFilteredCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
-	// ensureAuth should only care about models in cloudModels map
-	var whoamiCalled bool
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.URL.Path == "/api/me" {
-			whoamiCalled = true
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"name":"testuser"}`)
-			return
-		}
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
-	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
-
-	cloudModels := map[string]bool{"cloud-model:cloud": true}
-	selected := []string{"cloud-model:cloud", "local-model"}
-
-	err := ensureAuth(context.Background(), client, cloudModels, selected)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("ensureAuth should succeed when user is authenticated, got: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !whoamiCalled {
-		t.Error("expected whoami to be called for cloud model")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEnsureAuth_SkipsWhenNoCloudSelected(t *testing.T) {
-	var whoamiCalled bool
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.URL.Path == "/api/me" {
-			whoamiCalled = true
-		}
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
-	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
-
-	// cloudModels has entries but none are in selected
-	cloudModels := map[string]bool{"cloud-model:cloud": true}
-	selected := []string{"local-model"}
-
-	err := ensureAuth(context.Background(), client, cloudModels, selected)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected nil error, got: %v", err)
-	}
-	if whoamiCalled {
-		t.Error("whoami should not be called when no cloud models are selected")
-	}
-}

cmd/config/openclaw.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ type Openclaw struct{}
 
 func (c *Openclaw) String() string { return "OpenClaw" }
 
+const ansiGreen = "\033[32m"
+
 func (c *Openclaw) Run(model string, args []string) error {
 	bin := "openclaw"
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath(bin); err != nil {

cmd/config/opencode.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
@@ -11,52 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
 
 // OpenCode implements Runner and Editor for OpenCode integration
 type OpenCode struct{}
 
-// cloudModelLimit holds context and output token limits for a cloud model.
-type cloudModelLimit struct {
-	Context int
-	Output  int
-}
-
-// cloudModelLimits maps cloud model base names to their token limits.
-// TODO(parthsareen): grab context/output limits from model info instead of hardcoding
-var cloudModelLimits = map[string]cloudModelLimit{
-	"cogito-2.1:671b":     {Context: 163_840, Output: 65_536},
-	"deepseek-v3.1:671b":  {Context: 163_840, Output: 163_840},
-	"deepseek-v3.2":       {Context: 163_840, Output: 65_536},
-	"glm-4.6":             {Context: 202_752, Output: 131_072},
-	"glm-4.7":             {Context: 202_752, Output: 131_072},
-	"gpt-oss:120b":        {Context: 131_072, Output: 131_072},
-	"gpt-oss:20b":         {Context: 131_072, Output: 131_072},
-	"kimi-k2:1t":          {Context: 262_144, Output: 262_144},
-	"kimi-k2.5":           {Context: 262_144, Output: 262_144},
-	"kimi-k2-thinking":    {Context: 262_144, Output: 262_144},
-	"nemotron-3-nano:30b": {Context: 1_048_576, Output: 131_072},
-	"qwen3-coder:480b":    {Context: 262_144, Output: 65_536},
-	"qwen3-next:80b":      {Context: 262_144, Output: 32_768},
-}
-
-// lookupCloudModelLimit returns the token limits for a cloud model.
-// It tries the exact name first, then strips the ":cloud" suffix.
-func lookupCloudModelLimit(name string) (cloudModelLimit, bool) {
-	if l, ok := cloudModelLimits[name]; ok {
-		return l, true
-	}
-	base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, ":cloud")
-	if base != name {
-		if l, ok := cloudModelLimits[base]; ok {
-			return l, true
-		}
-	}
-	return cloudModelLimit{}, false
-}
-
 func (o *OpenCode) String() string { return "OpenCode" }
 
 func (o *OpenCode) Run(model string, args []string) error {
@@ -154,8 +113,6 @@ func (o *OpenCode) Edit(modelList []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	client, _ := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-
 	for _, model := range modelList {
 		if existing, ok := models[model].(map[string]any); ok {
 			// migrate existing models without _launch marker
@@ -165,29 +122,12 @@ func (o *OpenCode) Edit(modelList []string) error {
 					existing["name"] = strings.TrimSuffix(name, " [Ollama]")
 				}
 			}
-			if isCloudModel(context.Background(), client, model) {
-				if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(model); ok {
-					existing["limit"] = map[string]any{
-						"context": l.Context,
-						"output":  l.Output,
-					}
-				}
-			}
 			continue
 		}
-		entry := map[string]any{
+		models[model] = map[string]any{
 			"name":    model,
 			"_launch": true,
 		}
-		if isCloudModel(context.Background(), client, model) {
-			if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(model); ok {
-				entry["limit"] = map[string]any{
-					"context": l.Context,
-					"output":  l.Output,
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		models[model] = entry
 	}
 
 	ollama["models"] = models

cmd/config/opencode_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package config
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -496,165 +495,6 @@ func TestOpenCodeEdit_SpecialCharsInModelName(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func readOpenCodeModel(t *testing.T, configPath, model string) map[string]any {
-	t.Helper()
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-	provider := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	ollama := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	models := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-	entry, ok := models[model].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("model %s not found in config", model)
-	}
-	return entry
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_LocalModelNoLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode", "opencode.json")
-
-	if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	entry := readOpenCodeModel(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	if entry["limit"] != nil {
-		t.Errorf("local model should not have limit set, got %v", entry["limit"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_PreservesUserLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	// Set up a model with a user-configured limit
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{
-		"provider": {
-			"ollama": {
-				"models": {
-					"llama3.2": {
-						"name": "llama3.2",
-						"_launch": true,
-						"limit": {"context": 8192, "output": 4096}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}`), 0o644)
-
-	// Re-edit should preserve the user's limit (not delete it)
-	if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	entry := readOpenCodeModel(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	limit, ok := entry["limit"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("user-configured limit was removed")
-	}
-	if limit["context"] != float64(8192) {
-		t.Errorf("context limit changed: got %v, want 8192", limit["context"])
-	}
-	if limit["output"] != float64(4096) {
-		t.Errorf("output limit changed: got %v, want 4096", limit["output"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_CloudModelLimitStructure(t *testing.T) {
-	// Verify that when a cloud model entry has limits set (as Edit would do),
-	// the structure matches what opencode expects and re-edit preserves them.
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	expected := cloudModelLimits["glm-4.7"]
-
-	// Simulate a cloud model that already has the limit set by a previous Edit
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`{
-		"provider": {
-			"ollama": {
-				"models": {
-					"glm-4.7:cloud": {
-						"name": "glm-4.7:cloud",
-						"_launch": true,
-						"limit": {"context": %d, "output": %d}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}`, expected.Context, expected.Output)), 0o644)
-
-	// Re-edit should preserve the cloud model limit
-	if err := o.Edit([]string{"glm-4.7:cloud"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	entry := readOpenCodeModel(t, configPath, "glm-4.7:cloud")
-	limit, ok := entry["limit"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("cloud model limit was removed on re-edit")
-	}
-	if limit["context"] != float64(expected.Context) {
-		t.Errorf("context = %v, want %d", limit["context"], expected.Context)
-	}
-	if limit["output"] != float64(expected.Output) {
-		t.Errorf("output = %v, want %d", limit["output"], expected.Output)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLookupCloudModelLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		wantOK      bool
-		wantContext int
-		wantOutput  int
-	}{
-		{"glm-4.7", true, 202_752, 131_072},
-		{"glm-4.7:cloud", true, 202_752, 131_072},
-		{"kimi-k2.5", true, 262_144, 262_144},
-		{"kimi-k2.5:cloud", true, 262_144, 262_144},
-		{"deepseek-v3.2", true, 163_840, 65_536},
-		{"deepseek-v3.2:cloud", true, 163_840, 65_536},
-		{"qwen3-coder:480b", true, 262_144, 65_536},
-		{"llama3.2", false, 0, 0},
-		{"unknown-model:cloud", false, 0, 0},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(tt.name)
-			if ok != tt.wantOK {
-				t.Errorf("lookupCloudModelLimit(%q) ok = %v, want %v", tt.name, ok, tt.wantOK)
-			}
-			if ok {
-				if l.Context != tt.wantContext {
-					t.Errorf("context = %d, want %d", l.Context, tt.wantContext)
-				}
-				if l.Output != tt.wantOutput {
-					t.Errorf("output = %d, want %d", l.Output, tt.wantOutput)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestOpenCodeModels_NoConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	o := &OpenCode{}
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()

cmd/config/selector.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ const (
 	ansiBold       = "\033[1m"
 	ansiReset      = "\033[0m"
 	ansiGray       = "\033[37m"
-	ansiGreen      = "\033[32m"
 	ansiClearDown  = "\033[J"
 )
 

cmd/config/selector_test.go

@@ -96,14 +96,6 @@ func TestSelectState(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("Enter_EmptyFilteredList_EmptyFilter_DoesNothing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		s := newSelectState([]selectItem{})
-		done, result, err := s.handleInput(eventEnter, 0)
-		if done || result != "" || err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("expected (false, '', nil), got (%v, %v, %v)", done, result, err)
-		}
-	})
-
 	t.Run("Escape_ReturnsCancelledError", func(t *testing.T) {
 		s := newSelectState(items)
 		done, result, err := s.handleInput(eventEscape, 0)
@@ -582,19 +574,8 @@ func TestRenderSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		var buf bytes.Buffer
 		renderSelect(&buf, "Select:", s)
 
-		output := buf.String()
-		if !strings.Contains(output, "no matches") {
-			t.Errorf("expected 'no matches' message, got: %s", output)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("EmptyFilteredList_EmptyFilter_ShowsNoMatches", func(t *testing.T) {
-		s := newSelectState([]selectItem{})
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		renderSelect(&buf, "Select:", s)
-
 		if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "no matches") {
-			t.Error("expected 'no matches' message for empty list with no filter")
+			t.Error("expected 'no matches' message")
 		}
 	})
 

cmd/start_darwin.go

@@ -10,21 +10,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 )
 
-var errNotRunning = errors.New("could not connect to ollama server, run 'ollama serve' to start it")
-
 func startApp(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client) error {
 	exe, err := os.Executable()
 	if err != nil {
-		return errNotRunning
+		return err
 	}
 	link, err := os.Readlink(exe)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errNotRunning
+		return err
 	}
 	r := regexp.MustCompile(`^.*/Ollama\s?\d*.app`)
 	m := r.FindStringSubmatch(link)
 	if len(m) != 1 {
-		return errNotRunning
+		return errors.New("could not find ollama app")
 	}
 	if err := exec.Command("/usr/bin/open", "-j", "-a", m[0], "--args", "--fast-startup").Run(); err != nil {
 		return err

cmd/tui/selector.go

@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+package tui
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	tea "github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+)
+
+var (
+	selectorTitleStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Bold(true).
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("147"))
+
+	selectorItemStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				PaddingLeft(4)
+
+	selectorSelectedItemStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+					PaddingLeft(2).
+					Foreground(lipgloss.Color("147")).
+					Bold(true)
+
+	selectorDescStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241"))
+
+	selectorFilterStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241")).
+				Italic(true)
+
+	selectorInputStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("252"))
+
+	selectorCheckboxStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241"))
+
+	selectorCheckboxCheckedStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+					Foreground(lipgloss.Color("147"))
+
+	selectorDefaultTagStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241")).
+				Italic(true)
+
+	selectorHelpStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241"))
+
+	selectorMoreStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				PaddingLeft(4).
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241")).
+				Italic(true)
+)
+
+const maxSelectorItems = 10
+
+// ErrCancelled is returned when the user cancels the selection.
+var ErrCancelled = errors.New("cancelled")
+
+// SelectItem represents an item that can be selected.
+type SelectItem struct {
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+}
+
+// selectorModel is the bubbletea model for single selection.
+type selectorModel struct {
+	title        string
+	items        []SelectItem
+	filter       string
+	cursor       int
+	scrollOffset int
+	selected     string
+	cancelled    bool
+}
+
+func (m selectorModel) filteredItems() []SelectItem {
+	if m.filter == "" {
+		return m.items
+	}
+	filterLower := strings.ToLower(m.filter)
+	var result []SelectItem
+	for _, item := range m.items {
+		if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(item.Name), filterLower) {
+			result = append(result, item)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (m selectorModel) Init() tea.Cmd {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m selectorModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case tea.KeyMsg:
+		filtered := m.filteredItems()
+
+		switch msg.Type {
+		case tea.KeyCtrlC, tea.KeyEsc:
+			m.cancelled = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+
+		case tea.KeyEnter:
+			if len(filtered) > 0 && m.cursor < len(filtered) {
+				m.selected = filtered[m.cursor].Name
+			}
+			return m, tea.Quit
+
+		case tea.KeyUp:
+			if m.cursor > 0 {
+				m.cursor--
+				if m.cursor < m.scrollOffset {
+					m.scrollOffset = m.cursor
+				}
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyDown:
+			if m.cursor < len(filtered)-1 {
+				m.cursor++
+				if m.cursor >= m.scrollOffset+maxSelectorItems {
+					m.scrollOffset = m.cursor - maxSelectorItems + 1
+				}
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyPgUp:
+			m.cursor -= maxSelectorItems
+			if m.cursor < 0 {
+				m.cursor = 0
+			}
+			m.scrollOffset -= maxSelectorItems
+			if m.scrollOffset < 0 {
+				m.scrollOffset = 0
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyPgDown:
+			m.cursor += maxSelectorItems
+			if m.cursor >= len(filtered) {
+				m.cursor = len(filtered) - 1
+			}
+			if m.cursor >= m.scrollOffset+maxSelectorItems {
+				m.scrollOffset = m.cursor - maxSelectorItems + 1
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyBackspace:
+			if len(m.filter) > 0 {
+				m.filter = m.filter[:len(m.filter)-1]
+				m.cursor = 0
+				m.scrollOffset = 0
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyRunes:
+			m.filter += string(msg.Runes)
+			m.cursor = 0
+			m.scrollOffset = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m selectorModel) View() string {
+	// Clear screen when exiting
+	if m.cancelled || m.selected != "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var s strings.Builder
+
+	// Title with filter
+	s.WriteString(selectorTitleStyle.Render(m.title))
+	s.WriteString(" ")
+	if m.filter == "" {
+		s.WriteString(selectorFilterStyle.Render("Type to filter..."))
+	} else {
+		s.WriteString(selectorInputStyle.Render(m.filter))
+	}
+	s.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	filtered := m.filteredItems()
+
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		s.WriteString(selectorItemStyle.Render(selectorDescStyle.Render("(no matches)")))
+		s.WriteString("\n")
+	} else {
+		displayCount := min(len(filtered), maxSelectorItems)
+
+		for i := range displayCount {
+			idx := m.scrollOffset + i
+			if idx >= len(filtered) {
+				break
+			}
+			item := filtered[idx]
+
+			if idx == m.cursor {
+				s.WriteString(selectorSelectedItemStyle.Render("▸ " + item.Name))
+			} else {
+				s.WriteString(selectorItemStyle.Render(item.Name))
+			}
+
+			if item.Description != "" {
+				s.WriteString(" ")
+				s.WriteString(selectorDescStyle.Render("- " + item.Description))
+			}
+			s.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+
+		if remaining := len(filtered) - m.scrollOffset - displayCount; remaining > 0 {
+			s.WriteString(selectorMoreStyle.Render(fmt.Sprintf("... and %d more", remaining)))
+			s.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	s.WriteString("\n")
+	s.WriteString(selectorHelpStyle.Render("↑/↓ navigate • enter select • esc cancel"))
+
+	return s.String()
+}
+
+// SelectSingle prompts the user to select a single item from a list.
+func SelectSingle(title string, items []SelectItem) (string, error) {
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no items to select from")
+	}
+
+	m := selectorModel{
+		title: title,
+		items: items,
+	}
+
+	p := tea.NewProgram(m)
+	finalModel, err := p.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error running selector: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fm := finalModel.(selectorModel)
+	if fm.cancelled {
+		return "", ErrCancelled
+	}
+
+	return fm.selected, nil
+}
+
+// multiSelectorModel is the bubbletea model for multi selection.
+type multiSelectorModel struct {
+	title        string
+	items        []SelectItem
+	itemIndex    map[string]int
+	filter       string
+	cursor       int
+	scrollOffset int
+	checked      map[int]bool
+	checkOrder   []int
+	cancelled    bool
+	confirmed    bool
+}
+
+func newMultiSelectorModel(title string, items []SelectItem, preChecked []string) multiSelectorModel {
+	m := multiSelectorModel{
+		title:     title,
+		items:     items,
+		itemIndex: make(map[string]int, len(items)),
+		checked:   make(map[int]bool),
+	}
+
+	for i, item := range items {
+		m.itemIndex[item.Name] = i
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range preChecked {
+		if idx, ok := m.itemIndex[name]; ok {
+			m.checked[idx] = true
+			m.checkOrder = append(m.checkOrder, idx)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m
+}
+
+func (m multiSelectorModel) filteredItems() []SelectItem {
+	if m.filter == "" {
+		return m.items
+	}
+	filterLower := strings.ToLower(m.filter)
+	var result []SelectItem
+	for _, item := range m.items {
+		if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(item.Name), filterLower) {
+			result = append(result, item)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (m *multiSelectorModel) toggleItem() {
+	filtered := m.filteredItems()
+	if len(filtered) == 0 || m.cursor >= len(filtered) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	item := filtered[m.cursor]
+	origIdx := m.itemIndex[item.Name]
+
+	if m.checked[origIdx] {
+		delete(m.checked, origIdx)
+		for i, idx := range m.checkOrder {
+			if idx == origIdx {
+				m.checkOrder = append(m.checkOrder[:i], m.checkOrder[i+1:]...)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		m.checked[origIdx] = true
+		m.checkOrder = append(m.checkOrder, origIdx)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m multiSelectorModel) selectedCount() int {
+	return len(m.checkOrder)
+}
+
+func (m multiSelectorModel) Init() tea.Cmd {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m multiSelectorModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case tea.KeyMsg:
+		filtered := m.filteredItems()
+
+		switch msg.Type {
+		case tea.KeyCtrlC, tea.KeyEsc:
+			m.cancelled = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+
+		case tea.KeyEnter:
+			// Enter confirms if at least one item is selected
+			if len(m.checkOrder) > 0 {
+				m.confirmed = true
+				return m, tea.Quit
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeySpace:
+			// Space always toggles selection
+			m.toggleItem()
+
+		case tea.KeyUp:
+			if m.cursor > 0 {
+				m.cursor--
+				if m.cursor < m.scrollOffset {
+					m.scrollOffset = m.cursor
+				}
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyDown:
+			if m.cursor < len(filtered)-1 {
+				m.cursor++
+				if m.cursor >= m.scrollOffset+maxSelectorItems {
+					m.scrollOffset = m.cursor - maxSelectorItems + 1
+				}
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyPgUp:
+			m.cursor -= maxSelectorItems
+			if m.cursor < 0 {
+				m.cursor = 0
+			}
+			m.scrollOffset -= maxSelectorItems
+			if m.scrollOffset < 0 {
+				m.scrollOffset = 0
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyPgDown:
+			m.cursor += maxSelectorItems
+			if m.cursor >= len(filtered) {
+				m.cursor = len(filtered) - 1
+			}
+			if m.cursor >= m.scrollOffset+maxSelectorItems {
+				m.scrollOffset = m.cursor - maxSelectorItems + 1
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyBackspace:
+			if len(m.filter) > 0 {
+				m.filter = m.filter[:len(m.filter)-1]
+				m.cursor = 0
+				m.scrollOffset = 0
+			}
+
+		case tea.KeyRunes:
+			m.filter += string(msg.Runes)
+			m.cursor = 0
+			m.scrollOffset = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m multiSelectorModel) View() string {
+	// Clear screen when exiting
+	if m.cancelled || m.confirmed {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var s strings.Builder
+
+	// Title with filter
+	s.WriteString(selectorTitleStyle.Render(m.title))
+	s.WriteString(" ")
+	if m.filter == "" {
+		s.WriteString(selectorFilterStyle.Render("Type to filter..."))
+	} else {
+		s.WriteString(selectorInputStyle.Render(m.filter))
+	}
+	s.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	filtered := m.filteredItems()
+
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		s.WriteString(selectorItemStyle.Render(selectorDescStyle.Render("(no matches)")))
+		s.WriteString("\n")
+	} else {
+		displayCount := min(len(filtered), maxSelectorItems)
+
+		for i := range displayCount {
+			idx := m.scrollOffset + i
+			if idx >= len(filtered) {
+				break
+			}
+			item := filtered[idx]
+			origIdx := m.itemIndex[item.Name]
+
+			// Checkbox
+			var checkbox string
+			if m.checked[origIdx] {
+				checkbox = selectorCheckboxCheckedStyle.Render("[x]")
+			} else {
+				checkbox = selectorCheckboxStyle.Render("[ ]")
+			}
+
+			// Cursor and name
+			var line string
+			if idx == m.cursor {
+				line = selectorSelectedItemStyle.Render("▸ ") + checkbox + " " + selectorSelectedItemStyle.Render(item.Name)
+			} else {
+				line = "  " + checkbox + " " + item.Name
+			}
+
+			// Default tag
+			if len(m.checkOrder) > 0 && m.checkOrder[0] == origIdx {
+				line += " " + selectorDefaultTagStyle.Render("(default)")
+			}
+
+			s.WriteString(line)
+			s.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+
+		if remaining := len(filtered) - m.scrollOffset - displayCount; remaining > 0 {
+			s.WriteString(selectorMoreStyle.Render(fmt.Sprintf("... and %d more", remaining)))
+			s.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	s.WriteString("\n")
+
+	// Status line
+	count := m.selectedCount()
+	if count == 0 {
+		s.WriteString(selectorDescStyle.Render("  Select at least one model."))
+	} else {
+		s.WriteString(selectorDescStyle.Render(fmt.Sprintf("  %d selected - press enter to continue", count)))
+	}
+	s.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	s.WriteString(selectorHelpStyle.Render("↑/↓ navigate • space toggle • enter confirm • esc cancel"))
+
+	return s.String()
+}
+
+// SelectMultiple prompts the user to select multiple items from a list.
+func SelectMultiple(title string, items []SelectItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no items to select from")
+	}
+
+	m := newMultiSelectorModel(title, items, preChecked)
+
+	p := tea.NewProgram(m)
+	finalModel, err := p.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error running selector: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fm := finalModel.(multiSelectorModel)
+	if fm.cancelled {
+		return nil, ErrCancelled
+	}
+
+	if !fm.confirmed {
+		return nil, ErrCancelled
+	}
+
+	var result []string
+	for _, idx := range fm.checkOrder {
+		result = append(result, fm.items[idx].Name)
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}

cmd/tui/tui.go

@@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
+package tui
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	tea "github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
+)
+
+const (
+	logoNormal = ` ▆▁▂▃▂▁▆
+▟███████▙
+█▙▛▅ ▅▜▟█
+▟█▙▀▀▀▟█▙
+█████████
+▟███████▙
+▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀`
+
+	logoBlink = ` ▆▁▂▃▂▁▆
+▟███████▙
+██▛▅ ▅▜██
+▟█▙▀▀▀▟█▙
+█████████
+▟███████▙
+▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀`
+
+	// logoBlank is used for terminals that don't render the logo well
+	logoBlank = `
+
+
+
+
+
+         `
+
+	blinkInterval = 15 * time.Second
+	blinkDuration = 250 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+type (
+	blinkMsg   struct{}
+	unblinkMsg struct{}
+)
+
+var (
+	logoStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			Foreground(lipgloss.Color("255")).
+			Background(lipgloss.Color("0"))
+
+	titleStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			Bold(true).
+			MarginBottom(1)
+
+	versionStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			Foreground(lipgloss.Color("245"))
+
+	itemStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			PaddingLeft(2)
+
+	selectedStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			PaddingLeft(2).
+			Foreground(lipgloss.Color("147")).
+			Bold(true)
+
+	greyedStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			PaddingLeft(2).
+			Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241"))
+
+	greyedSelectedStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				PaddingLeft(2).
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("243"))
+
+	descStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			PaddingLeft(4).
+			Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241"))
+
+	modelStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+			Foreground(lipgloss.Color("245"))
+
+	notInstalledStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241")).
+				Italic(true)
+)
+
+type menuItem struct {
+	title       string
+	description string
+	integration string // integration name for loading model config, empty if not an integration
+	isRunModel  bool   // true for the "Run a model" option
+	isOthers    bool   // true for the "Others..." toggle item
+}
+
+var mainMenuItems = []menuItem{
+	{
+		title:       "Run a model",
+		description: "Start an interactive chat with a local model",
+		isRunModel:  true,
+	},
+	{
+		title:       "Launch Claude Code",
+		description: "Open Claude Code AI assistant",
+		integration: "claude",
+	},
+	{
+		title:       "Launch Open Claw",
+		description: "Open the Open Claw integration",
+		integration: "openclaw",
+	},
+}
+
+var othersMenuItem = menuItem{
+	title:       "Others...",
+	description: "Show additional integrations",
+	isOthers:    true,
+}
+
+// getOtherIntegrations returns the list of other integrations, filtering out
+// Codex if it's not installed (since it requires npm install).
+func getOtherIntegrations() []menuItem {
+	items := []menuItem{
+		{
+			title:       "Launch Droid",
+			description: "Open Droid integration",
+			integration: "droid",
+		},
+		{
+			title:       "Launch Open Code",
+			description: "Open Open Code integration",
+			integration: "opencode",
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Only show Codex if it's already installed
+	if config.IsIntegrationInstalled("codex") {
+		items = append([]menuItem{{
+			title:       "Launch Codex",
+			description: "Open Codex CLI",
+			integration: "codex",
+		}}, items...)
+	}
+
+	return items
+}
+
+type model struct {
+	items           []menuItem
+	cursor          int
+	quitting        bool
+	selected        bool            // true if user made a selection (enter/space)
+	changeModel     bool            // true if user pressed right arrow to change model
+	showOthers      bool            // true if "Others..." is expanded
+	availableModels map[string]bool // cache of available model names
+	blinking        bool            // true when showing blink logo
+	err             error
+
+	// Modal state
+	showingModal  bool          // true when model picker modal is visible
+	modalSelector selectorModel // the selector model for the modal
+	modalItems    []SelectItem  // cached items for the modal
+
+	// Sign-in dialog state
+	showingSignIn   bool   // true when sign-in dialog is visible
+	signInURL       string // URL for sign-in
+	signInModel     string // model that requires sign-in
+	signInSpinner   int    // spinner frame index
+	signInFromModal bool   // true if sign-in was triggered from modal (not main menu)
+}
+
+// signInTickMsg is sent to animate the sign-in spinner
+type signInTickMsg struct{}
+
+// signInCheckMsg is sent to check if sign-in is complete
+type signInCheckMsg struct {
+	signedIn bool
+	userName string
+}
+
+// modelExists checks if a model exists in the cached available models.
+func (m *model) modelExists(name string) bool {
+	if m.availableModels == nil || name == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if m.availableModels[name] {
+		return true
+	}
+	// Check for prefix match (e.g., "llama2" matches "llama2:latest")
+	for modelName := range m.availableModels {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(modelName, name+":") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// buildModalItems creates the list of models for the modal selector.
+func (m *model) buildModalItems() []SelectItem {
+	modelItems, _ := config.GetModelItems(context.Background())
+	var items []SelectItem
+	for _, item := range modelItems {
+		items = append(items, SelectItem{Name: item.Name, Description: item.Description})
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
+// openModelModal opens the model picker modal.
+func (m *model) openModelModal() {
+	m.modalItems = m.buildModalItems()
+	m.modalSelector = selectorModel{
+		title: "Select model:",
+		items: m.modalItems,
+	}
+	m.showingModal = true
+}
+
+// isCloudModel returns true if the model name indicates a cloud model.
+func isCloudModel(name string) bool {
+	return strings.HasSuffix(name, ":cloud")
+}
+
+// checkCloudSignIn checks if a cloud model needs sign-in.
+// Returns a command to start sign-in if needed, or nil if already signed in.
+func (m *model) checkCloudSignIn(modelName string, fromModal bool) tea.Cmd {
+	if modelName == "" || !isCloudModel(modelName) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	user, err := client.Whoami(context.Background())
+	if err == nil && user != nil && user.Name != "" {
+		return nil // Already signed in
+	}
+	var aErr api.AuthorizationError
+	if errors.As(err, &aErr) && aErr.SigninURL != "" {
+		return m.startSignIn(modelName, aErr.SigninURL, fromModal)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// startSignIn initiates the sign-in flow for a cloud model.
+// fromModal indicates if this was triggered from the model picker modal.
+func (m *model) startSignIn(modelName, signInURL string, fromModal bool) tea.Cmd {
+	m.showingModal = false
+	m.showingSignIn = true
+	m.signInURL = signInURL
+	m.signInModel = modelName
+	m.signInSpinner = 0
+	m.signInFromModal = fromModal
+
+	// Open browser (best effort)
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		_ = exec.Command("open", signInURL).Start()
+	case "linux":
+		_ = exec.Command("xdg-open", signInURL).Start()
+	case "windows":
+		_ = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", signInURL).Start()
+	}
+
+	// Start the spinner tick
+	return tea.Tick(200*time.Millisecond, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+		return signInTickMsg{}
+	})
+}
+
+// checkSignIn checks if the user has completed sign-in.
+func checkSignIn() tea.Msg {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return signInCheckMsg{signedIn: false}
+	}
+	user, err := client.Whoami(context.Background())
+	if err == nil && user != nil && user.Name != "" {
+		return signInCheckMsg{signedIn: true, userName: user.Name}
+	}
+	return signInCheckMsg{signedIn: false}
+}
+
+// loadAvailableModels fetches and caches the list of available models.
+func (m *model) loadAvailableModels() {
+	m.availableModels = make(map[string]bool)
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	models, err := client.List(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, mdl := range models.Models {
+		m.availableModels[mdl.Name] = true
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *model) buildItems() {
+	others := getOtherIntegrations()
+	m.items = make([]menuItem, 0, len(mainMenuItems)+1+len(others))
+	m.items = append(m.items, mainMenuItems...)
+
+	if m.showOthers {
+		// Change "Others..." to "Hide others..."
+		hideItem := menuItem{
+			title:       "Hide others...",
+			description: "Hide additional integrations",
+			isOthers:    true,
+		}
+		m.items = append(m.items, hideItem)
+		m.items = append(m.items, others...)
+	} else {
+		m.items = append(m.items, othersMenuItem)
+	}
+}
+
+// isOthersIntegration returns true if the integration is in the "Others" menu
+func isOthersIntegration(name string) bool {
+	switch name {
+	case "codex", "droid", "opencode":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func initialModel() model {
+	m := model{
+		cursor: 0,
+	}
+	m.loadAvailableModels()
+
+	// Check last selection to determine if we need to expand "Others"
+	lastSelection := config.LastSelection()
+	if isOthersIntegration(lastSelection) {
+		m.showOthers = true
+	}
+
+	m.buildItems()
+
+	// Position cursor on last selection
+	if lastSelection != "" {
+		for i, item := range m.items {
+			if lastSelection == "run" && item.isRunModel {
+				m.cursor = i
+				break
+			} else if item.integration == lastSelection {
+				m.cursor = i
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m
+}
+
+func (m model) Init() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Tick(blinkInterval, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+		return blinkMsg{}
+	})
+}
+
+func (m model) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
+	// Handle sign-in dialog
+	if m.showingSignIn {
+		switch msg := msg.(type) {
+		case tea.KeyMsg:
+			switch msg.Type {
+			case tea.KeyCtrlC, tea.KeyEsc:
+				// Cancel sign-in and go back
+				m.showingSignIn = false
+				if m.signInFromModal {
+					m.showingModal = true
+				}
+				// If from main menu, just return to main menu (default state)
+				return m, nil
+			}
+
+		case signInTickMsg:
+			m.signInSpinner++
+			// Check sign-in status every 5th tick (~1 second)
+			if m.signInSpinner%5 == 0 {
+				return m, tea.Batch(
+					tea.Tick(200*time.Millisecond, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+						return signInTickMsg{}
+					}),
+					checkSignIn,
+				)
+			}
+			return m, tea.Tick(200*time.Millisecond, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+				return signInTickMsg{}
+			})
+
+		case signInCheckMsg:
+			if msg.signedIn {
+				// Sign-in complete - proceed with selection
+				if m.signInFromModal {
+					// Came from modal - set changeModel
+					m.modalSelector.selected = m.signInModel
+					m.changeModel = true
+				} else {
+					// Came from main menu - just select
+					m.selected = true
+				}
+				m.quitting = true
+				return m, tea.Quit
+			}
+		}
+		return m, nil
+	}
+
+	// Handle modal input if modal is showing
+	if m.showingModal {
+		switch msg := msg.(type) {
+		case tea.KeyMsg:
+			switch msg.Type {
+			case tea.KeyCtrlC, tea.KeyEsc:
+				// Close modal without selection
+				m.showingModal = false
+				return m, nil
+
+			case tea.KeyEnter:
+				filtered := m.modalSelector.filteredItems()
+				if len(filtered) > 0 && m.modalSelector.cursor < len(filtered) {
+					m.modalSelector.selected = filtered[m.modalSelector.cursor].Name
+				}
+				if m.modalSelector.selected != "" {
+					if cmd := m.checkCloudSignIn(m.modalSelector.selected, true); cmd != nil {
+						return m, cmd
+					}
+					// Selection made - exit with changeModel
+					m.changeModel = true
+					m.quitting = true
+					return m, tea.Quit
+				}
+				return m, nil
+
+			case tea.KeyUp:
+				if m.modalSelector.cursor > 0 {
+					m.modalSelector.cursor--
+					if m.modalSelector.cursor < m.modalSelector.scrollOffset {
+						m.modalSelector.scrollOffset = m.modalSelector.cursor
+					}
+				}
+
+			case tea.KeyDown:
+				filtered := m.modalSelector.filteredItems()
+				if m.modalSelector.cursor < len(filtered)-1 {
+					m.modalSelector.cursor++
+					if m.modalSelector.cursor >= m.modalSelector.scrollOffset+maxSelectorItems {
+						m.modalSelector.scrollOffset = m.modalSelector.cursor - maxSelectorItems + 1
+					}
+				}
+
+			case tea.KeyPgUp:
+				filtered := m.modalSelector.filteredItems()
+				m.modalSelector.cursor -= maxSelectorItems
+				if m.modalSelector.cursor < 0 {
+					m.modalSelector.cursor = 0
+				}
+				m.modalSelector.scrollOffset -= maxSelectorItems
+				if m.modalSelector.scrollOffset < 0 {
+					m.modalSelector.scrollOffset = 0
+				}
+				_ = filtered // suppress unused warning
+
+			case tea.KeyPgDown:
+				filtered := m.modalSelector.filteredItems()
+				m.modalSelector.cursor += maxSelectorItems
+				if m.modalSelector.cursor >= len(filtered) {
+					m.modalSelector.cursor = len(filtered) - 1
+				}
+				if m.modalSelector.cursor >= m.modalSelector.scrollOffset+maxSelectorItems {
+					m.modalSelector.scrollOffset = m.modalSelector.cursor - maxSelectorItems + 1
+				}
+
+			case tea.KeyBackspace:
+				if len(m.modalSelector.filter) > 0 {
+					m.modalSelector.filter = m.modalSelector.filter[:len(m.modalSelector.filter)-1]
+					m.modalSelector.cursor = 0
+					m.modalSelector.scrollOffset = 0
+				}
+
+			case tea.KeyRunes:
+				m.modalSelector.filter += string(msg.Runes)
+				m.modalSelector.cursor = 0
+				m.modalSelector.scrollOffset = 0
+			}
+		}
+		return m, nil
+	}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case blinkMsg:
+		m.blinking = true
+		return m, tea.Tick(blinkDuration, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+			return unblinkMsg{}
+		})
+
+	case unblinkMsg:
+		m.blinking = false
+		return m, tea.Tick(blinkInterval, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+			return blinkMsg{}
+		})
+
+	case tea.KeyMsg:
+		switch msg.String() {
+		case "ctrl+c", "q", "esc":
+			m.quitting = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+
+		case "up", "k":
+			if m.cursor > 0 {
+				m.cursor--
+			}
+
+		case "down", "j":
+			if m.cursor < len(m.items)-1 {
+				m.cursor++
+			}
+
+		case "enter", " ":
+			item := m.items[m.cursor]
+
+			// Handle "Others..." toggle
+			if item.isOthers {
+				m.showOthers = !m.showOthers
+				m.buildItems()
+				// Keep cursor on the Others/Hide item
+				if m.cursor >= len(m.items) {
+					m.cursor = len(m.items) - 1
+				}
+				return m, nil
+			}
+
+			// Don't allow selecting uninstalled integrations
+			if item.integration != "" && !config.IsIntegrationInstalled(item.integration) {
+				return m, nil
+			}
+
+			// Check if a cloud model is configured and needs sign-in
+			var configuredModel string
+			if item.isRunModel {
+				configuredModel = config.LastModel()
+			} else if item.integration != "" {
+				configuredModel = config.IntegrationModel(item.integration)
+			}
+			if cmd := m.checkCloudSignIn(configuredModel, false); cmd != nil {
+				return m, cmd
+			}
+
+			m.selected = true
+			m.quitting = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+
+		case "right", "l":
+			// Allow model change for integrations and run model
+			item := m.items[m.cursor]
+			if item.integration != "" || item.isRunModel {
+				// Don't allow for uninstalled integrations
+				if item.integration != "" && !config.IsIntegrationInstalled(item.integration) {
+					return m, nil
+				}
+				m.openModelModal()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m model) View() string {
+	if m.quitting {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Render sign-in dialog if showing
+	if m.showingSignIn {
+		return m.renderSignInDialog()
+	}
+
+	// Render modal overlay if showing - replaces main view
+	if m.showingModal {
+		return m.renderModal()
+	}
+
+	logo := logoNormal
+	if m.blinking {
+		logo = logoBlink
+	}
+	if os.Getenv("TERM_PROGRAM") == "Apple_Terminal" {
+		logo = logoBlank
+	}
+
+	versionText := "\n\n  Ollama " + versionStyle.Render("v"+version.Version)
+
+	logoRendered := logoStyle.Render(logo)
+	logoBlock := lipgloss.NewStyle().Padding(0, 1).MarginLeft(2).Background(lipgloss.Color("0")).Render(logoRendered)
+	versionBlock := titleStyle.Render(versionText)
+	header := lipgloss.JoinHorizontal(lipgloss.Top, logoBlock, versionBlock)
+
+	s := header + "\n\n"
+
+	for i, item := range m.items {
+		cursor := "  "
+		style := itemStyle
+		isInstalled := true
+
+		if item.integration != "" {
+			isInstalled = config.IsIntegrationInstalled(item.integration)
+		}
+
+		if m.cursor == i {
+			cursor = "▸ "
+			if isInstalled {
+				style = selectedStyle
+			} else {
+				style = greyedSelectedStyle
+			}
+		} else if !isInstalled && item.integration != "" {
+			style = greyedStyle
+		}
+
+		title := item.title
+		if item.integration != "" {
+			if !isInstalled {
+				title += " " + notInstalledStyle.Render("(not installed)")
+			} else if mdl := config.IntegrationModel(item.integration); mdl != "" && m.modelExists(mdl) {
+				title += " " + modelStyle.Render("("+mdl+")")
+			}
+		} else if item.isRunModel {
+			if mdl := config.LastModel(); mdl != "" && m.modelExists(mdl) {
+				title += " " + modelStyle.Render("("+mdl+")")
+			}
+		}
+
+		s += style.Render(cursor+title) + "\n"
+		s += descStyle.Render(item.description) + "\n\n"
+	}
+
+	s += "\n" + lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241")).Render("↑/↓ navigate • enter select • → change model • esc quit")
+
+	return s
+}
+
+// renderModal renders the model picker modal.
+func (m model) renderModal() string {
+	modalStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().
+		Border(lipgloss.RoundedBorder()).
+		BorderForeground(lipgloss.Color("147")).
+		Padding(1, 2).
+		MarginLeft(2)
+
+	var content strings.Builder
+
+	// Title with filter
+	content.WriteString(selectorTitleStyle.Render(m.modalSelector.title))
+	content.WriteString(" ")
+	if m.modalSelector.filter == "" {
+		content.WriteString(selectorFilterStyle.Render("Type to filter..."))
+	} else {
+		content.WriteString(selectorInputStyle.Render(m.modalSelector.filter))
+	}
+	content.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	filtered := m.modalSelector.filteredItems()
+
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		content.WriteString(selectorItemStyle.Render(selectorDescStyle.Render("(no matches)")))
+		content.WriteString("\n")
+	} else {
+		displayCount := min(len(filtered), maxSelectorItems)
+
+		for i := range displayCount {
+			idx := m.modalSelector.scrollOffset + i
+			if idx >= len(filtered) {
+				break
+			}
+			item := filtered[idx]
+
+			if idx == m.modalSelector.cursor {
+				content.WriteString(selectorSelectedItemStyle.Render("▸ " + item.Name))
+			} else {
+				content.WriteString(selectorItemStyle.Render(item.Name))
+			}
+
+			if item.Description != "" {
+				content.WriteString(" ")
+				content.WriteString(selectorDescStyle.Render("- " + item.Description))
+			}
+			content.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+
+		if remaining := len(filtered) - m.modalSelector.scrollOffset - displayCount; remaining > 0 {
+			content.WriteString(selectorMoreStyle.Render(fmt.Sprintf("... and %d more", remaining)))
+			content.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	content.WriteString("\n")
+	content.WriteString(selectorHelpStyle.Render("↑/↓ navigate • enter select • esc cancel"))
+
+	return modalStyle.Render(content.String())
+}
+
+// renderSignInDialog renders the sign-in dialog.
+func (m model) renderSignInDialog() string {
+	dialogStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().
+		Border(lipgloss.RoundedBorder()).
+		BorderForeground(lipgloss.Color("147")).
+		Padding(1, 2).
+		MarginLeft(2)
+
+	spinnerFrames := []string{"⠋", "⠙", "⠹", "⠸", "⠼", "⠴", "⠦", "⠧", "⠇", "⠏"}
+	spinner := spinnerFrames[m.signInSpinner%len(spinnerFrames)]
+
+	var content strings.Builder
+
+	content.WriteString(selectorTitleStyle.Render("Sign in required"))
+	content.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	content.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("To use %s, please sign in.\n\n", selectedStyle.Render(m.signInModel)))
+
+	content.WriteString("Navigate to:\n")
+	content.WriteString(lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("117")).Render("  " + m.signInURL))
+	content.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	content.WriteString(lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("241")).Render(
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s Waiting for sign in to complete...", spinner)))
+	content.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	content.WriteString(selectorHelpStyle.Render("esc cancel"))
+
+	return dialogStyle.Render(content.String())
+}
+
+// Selection represents what the user selected
+type Selection int
+
+const (
+	SelectionNone Selection = iota
+	SelectionRunModel
+	SelectionChangeRunModel
+	SelectionIntegration       // Generic integration selection
+	SelectionChangeIntegration // Generic change model for integration
+)
+
+// Result contains the selection and any associated data
+type Result struct {
+	Selection   Selection
+	Integration string // integration name if applicable
+	Model       string // model name if selected from modal
+}
+
+// Run starts the TUI and returns the user's selection
+func Run() (Result, error) {
+	m := initialModel()
+	p := tea.NewProgram(m)
+
+	finalModel, err := p.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Result{Selection: SelectionNone}, fmt.Errorf("error running TUI: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fm := finalModel.(model)
+	if fm.err != nil {
+		return Result{Selection: SelectionNone}, fm.err
+	}
+
+	// User quit without selecting
+	if !fm.selected && !fm.changeModel {
+		return Result{Selection: SelectionNone}, nil
+	}
+
+	item := fm.items[fm.cursor]
+
+	// Handle model change request
+	if fm.changeModel {
+		if item.isRunModel {
+			return Result{
+				Selection: SelectionChangeRunModel,
+				Model:     fm.modalSelector.selected,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		return Result{
+			Selection:   SelectionChangeIntegration,
+			Integration: item.integration,
+			Model:       fm.modalSelector.selected,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Handle selection
+	if item.isRunModel {
+		return Result{Selection: SelectionRunModel}, nil
+	}
+
+	return Result{
+		Selection:   SelectionIntegration,
+		Integration: item.integration,
+	}, nil
+}

go.mod

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/agnivade/levenshtein v1.1.1
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10
+	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0
 	github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16 v0.0.0-20211005043715-690c3bdd05f1
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.4
 	github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2 v2.0.0-alpha
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.14
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16
 	github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0
 	github.com/pdevine/tensor v0.0.0-20240510204454-f88f4562727c
 	github.com/pkg/browser v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c
@@ -38,22 +40,34 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20211112161151-bc219186db40 // indirect
+	github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bahlo/generic-list-go v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/chewxy/hm v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/chewxy/math32 v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/flatbuffers v24.3.25+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/tkrajina/go-reflector v0.5.5 // indirect
+	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
 	github.com/xtgo/set v1.0.0 // indirect
 	go4.org/unsafe/assume-no-moving-gc v0.0.0-20231121144256-b99613f794b6 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20211112161151-bc219186db40 h1:q4dksr6IC
 github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20211112161151-bc219186db40/go.mod h1:Q7yQnSMnLvcXlZ8RV+jwz/6y1rQTqbX6C82SndT52Zs=
 github.com/arbovm/levenshtein v0.0.0-20160628152529-48b4e1c0c4d0 h1:jfIu9sQUG6Ig+0+Ap1h4unLjW6YQJpKZVmUzxsD4E/Q=
 github.com/arbovm/levenshtein v0.0.0-20160628152529-48b4e1c0c4d0/go.mod h1:t2tdKJDJF9BV14lnkjHmOQgcvEKgtqs5a1N3LNdJhGE=
+github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 h1:HwpRHbFMcZLEVr42D4p7XBqjyuxQH5SMiErDT4WkJ2k=
+github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:uYgXzlJ7ZpABp8OJ+exZzJJhRNQ2ASbcXHWsFqH8hp8=
 github.com/bahlo/generic-list-go v0.2.0 h1:5sz/EEAK+ls5wF+NeqDpk5+iNdMDXrh3z3nPnH1Wvgk=
 github.com/bahlo/generic-list-go v0.2.0/go.mod h1:2KvAjgMlE5NNynlg/5iLrrCCZ2+5xWbdbCW3pNTGyYg=
 github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.0.0/go.mod h1:paBWMcWSl3LHKBqUq+rly7CNSldXjb2rDl3JlRe0mD8=
@@ -24,6 +26,18 @@ github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6/go.mod h1:LysEHSvpvDySVdC2f87zGWf6CIKJcAvqab1
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 h1:c+e5Pt1k/cy5wMveRDyk2X4B9hF4g7an8N3zCYjJFNM=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1/go.mod h1:ncP89zfokxS5LZrJxl5z0UJcsk4M4yY2JpfqGeCtNLU=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
+github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10 h1:otUDHWMMzQSB0Pkc87rm691KZ3SWa4KUlvF9nRvCICw=
+github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10/go.mod h1:ORQfo0fk8U+po9VaNvnV95UPWA1BitP1E0N6xJPlHr4=
+github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc h1:4pZI35227imm7yK2bGPcfpFEmuY1gc2YSTShr4iJBfs=
+github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc/go.mod h1:X4/0JoqgTIPSFcRA/P6INZzIuyqdFY5rm8tb41s9okk=
+github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0 h1:vYXsiLHVkK7fp74RkV7b2kq9+zDLoEU4MZoFqR/noCY=
+github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0/go.mod h1:/6Q8FR2o+kj8rz4Dq0zQc3vYf7X+B0binUUBwA0aL30=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.10.1 h1:rL3Koar5XvX0pHGfovN03f5cxLbCF2YvLeyz7D2jVDQ=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.10.1/go.mod h1:3RQDQ6lDnROptfpWuUVIUG64bD2g2BgntdxH0Ya5TeE=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd h1:vy0GVL4jeHEwG5YOXDmi86oYw2yuYUGqz6a8sLwg0X8=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd/go.mod h1:xe0nKWGd3eJgtqZRaN9RjMtK7xUYchjzPr7q6kcvCCs=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1 h1:AQeHeLZ1OqSXhrAWpYUtZyX1T3zVxfpZuEQMIQaGIAQ=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1/go.mod h1:oQ4enTYFV7QN4m0i9mzHrViD7TQKvNEEkHUMCmsxdUg=
 github.com/chewxy/hm v1.0.0 h1:zy/TSv3LV2nD3dwUEQL2VhXeoXbb9QkpmdRAVUFiA6k=
 github.com/chewxy/hm v1.0.0/go.mod h1:qg9YI4q6Fkj/whwHR1D+bOGeF7SniIP40VweVepLjg0=
 github.com/chewxy/math32 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Miac6hA1ohdDUTagnvJy/q+aNnEk16qWUdb8ZVhvCN0=
@@ -59,6 +73,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20201210154907-fd9021fe5dad/go.m
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210217033140-668b12f5399d/go.mod h1:cXg6YxExXjJnVBQHBLXeUAgxn2UodCpnH306RInaBQk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210512163311-63b5d3c536b0/go.mod h1:hliV/p42l8fGbc6Y9bQ70uLwIvmJyVE5k4iMKlh8wCQ=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
+github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f h1:Y/CXytFA4m6baUTXGLOoWe4PQhGxaX0KpnayAqC48p4=
+github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f/go.mod h1:vw97MGsxSvLiUE2X8qFplwetxpGLQrlU1Q9AUEIzCaM=
 github.com/fogleman/gg v1.2.1-0.20190220221249-0403632d5b90/go.mod h1:R/bRT+9gY/C5z7JzPU0zXsXHKM4/ayA+zqcVNZzPa1k=
 github.com/fogleman/gg v1.3.0/go.mod h1:R/bRT+9gY/C5z7JzPU0zXsXHKM4/ayA+zqcVNZzPa1k=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 h1:in2uUcidCuFcDKtdcBxlR0rJ1+fsokWf+uqxgUFjbI0=
@@ -148,13 +164,17 @@ github.com/ledongthuc/pdf v0.0.0-20250511090121-5959a4027728 h1:QwWKgMY28TAXaDl+
 github.com/ledongthuc/pdf v0.0.0-20250511090121-5959a4027728/go.mod h1:1fEHWurg7pvf5SG6XNE5Q8UZmOwex51Mkx3SLhrW5B4=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 h1:WT9HwE9SGECu3lg4d/dIA+jxlljEa1/ffXKmRjqdmIQ=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0/go.mod h1:bvxc+MVxLKB4z00jd1z+Dvzr47oO32F/QSNjSBOlFxI=
+github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 h1:1nnpGOrhyZZuNyfu1QjKiUICQ74+3FNCN69Aj6K7nkY=
+github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4dSotOR9KMtayYi1e77YzuveK+i7ruzyGqttikkLy0=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 h1:UGYAvKxe3sBsEDzO8ZeWOSlIQfWFlxbzLZe7hwFURr0=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7/go.mod h1:xzfreul335JAWq5oZzymOObrkdz5UnU4kGfJJLY9Nlc=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
+github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1 h1:ygSAOl7ZXTx4RdPYinUpg6W99U8jWvWi9Ye2JC/oIi4=
+github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1/go.mod h1:8fBrzywKY7BI3czFoHkuzRoWE9C+EiG4R1k4Cjx5p88=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9/go.mod h1:H031xJmbD/WCDINGzjvQ9THkh0rPKHF+m2gUSrubnMI=
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.14 h1:+xnbZSEeDbOIg5/mE6JF0w6n9duR1l3/WmbinWVwUuU=
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.14/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
+github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 h1:E5ScNMtiwvlvB5paMFdw9p4kSQzbXFikJ5SQO6TULQc=
+github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24 h1:tpSp2G2KyMnnQu99ngJ47EIkWVmliIizyZBfPrBWDRM=
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24/go.mod h1:Uh1q+B4BYcTPb+yiD3kU8Ct7aC0hY9fxUwlHK0RXw+Y=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
@@ -162,6 +182,12 @@ github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd h1:TRLaZ9cD/w
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 h1:xBagoLtFs94CBntxluKeaWgTMpvLxC4ur3nMaC9Gz0M=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:yWuevngMOJpCy52FWWMvUC8ws7m/LJsjYzDa0/r8luk=
+github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 h1:ZK8zHtRHOkbHy6Mmr5D264iyp3TiX5OmNcI5cIARiQI=
+github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6/go.mod h1:CJlz5H+gyd6CUWT45Oy4q24RdLyn7Md9Vj2/ldJBSIo=
+github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 h1:3I4Kt4BQjOR54NavqnDogx/MIoWBFa0StPA8ELUXHmA=
+github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2/go.mod h1:3XuTXfFS2VjM+HTLZY9Ak0l6eUKfijIfMUZ4EgX0QYo=
+github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 h1:S5AlUN9dENB57rsbnkPyfdGuWIlkmzJjbFf0Tf5FWUc=
+github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0/go.mod h1:ZRfOIKPFDYQoDFF4Olj7/QJbW60Ol/kL1pU3VfY/Cnk=
 github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0 h1:BLUE5gxFLyyNOPzlXxt6GoHEMMxD0qhsE4p0CIQyoLw=
 github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0/go.mod h1:f070HJ/yR+eLi5WmM1OXJEGaTpuJEUiib19olXgYha0=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 h1:P2Ga83D34wi1o9J6Wh1mRuqd4mF/x/lgBS7N7AbDhec=
@@ -182,8 +208,9 @@ github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINE
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190812154241-14fe0d1b01d4/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
-github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 h1:S1pD9weZBuJdFmowNwbpi7BJ8TNftyUImj/0WQi72jY=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
+github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
+github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
 github.com/rogpeppe/fastuuid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jVj6XXZzXRy/MSR5jhDC/2q6DgLz+nrA6LYCDYWNEvQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.8.0 h1:FCbCCtXNOY3UtUuHUYaghJg4y7Fd14rXifAYUAtL9R8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.8.0/go.mod h1:WmiCO8CzOY8rg0OYDC4/i/2WRWAB6poM+XZ2dLUbcbE=
@@ -220,6 +247,8 @@ github.com/wk8/go-ordered-map/v2 v2.1.8 h1:5h/BUHu93oj4gIdvHHHGsScSTMijfx5PeYkE/
 github.com/wk8/go-ordered-map/v2 v2.1.8/go.mod h1:5nJHM5DyteebpVlHnWMV0rPz6Zp7+xBAnxjb1X5vnTw=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcYsOfg=
+github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e h1:JVG44RsyaB9T2KIHavMF/ppJZNG9ZpyihvCd0w101no=
+github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e/go.mod h1:RbqR21r5mrJuqunuUZ/Dhy/avygyECGrLceyNeo4LiM=
 github.com/xtgo/set v1.0.0 h1:6BCNBRv3ORNDQ7fyoJXRv+tstJz3m1JVFQErfeZz2pY=
 github.com/xtgo/set v1.0.0/go.mod h1:d3NHzGzSa0NmB2NhFyECA+QdRp29oEn2xbT+TpeFoM8=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
@@ -306,6 +335,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210809222454-d867a43fc93e/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=

integration/basic_test.go

@@ -144,47 +144,3 @@ func TestUnicodeModelDir(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	ChatTestHelper(ctx, t, req, blueSkyExpected)
 }
-
-// TestNumPredict verifies that when num_predict is set, the model generates
-// exactly that many tokens. It uses logprobs to count the actual tokens output.
-func TestNumPredict(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, "qwen3:0.6b"); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to pull model: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	req := api.GenerateRequest{
-		Model:    "qwen3:0.6b",
-		Prompt:   "Write a long story.",
-		Stream:   &stream,
-		Logprobs: true,
-		Options: map[string]any{
-			"num_predict": 10,
-			"temperature": 0,
-			"seed":        123,
-		},
-	}
-
-	logprobCount := 0
-	var finalResponse api.GenerateResponse
-	err := client.Generate(ctx, &req, func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
-		logprobCount += len(resp.Logprobs)
-		if resp.Done {
-			finalResponse = resp
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("generate failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if logprobCount != 10 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 10 tokens (logprobs), got %d (EvalCount=%d, DoneReason=%s)",
-			logprobCount, finalResponse.EvalCount, finalResponse.DoneReason)
-	}
-}

llm/server.go

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type filteredEnv []string
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ type llamaServer struct {
 type ollamaServer struct {
 	llmServer
 
-	tokenizer tokenizer.Tokenizer // tokenizer handles text encoding/decoding
+	textProcessor model.TextProcessor // textProcessor handles text encoding/decoding
 }
 
 // LoadModel will load a model from disk. The model must be in the GGML format.
@@ -143,11 +142,11 @@ func LoadModel(model string, maxArraySize int) (*ggml.GGML, error) {
 // NewLlamaServer will run a server for the given GPUs
 func NewLlamaServer(systemInfo ml.SystemInfo, gpus []ml.DeviceInfo, modelPath string, f *ggml.GGML, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Options, numParallel int) (LlamaServer, error) {
 	var llamaModel *llama.Model
-	var tok tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	var textProcessor model.TextProcessor
 	var err error
 	if envconfig.NewEngine() || f.KV().OllamaEngineRequired() {
 		if len(projectors) == 0 {
-			tok, err = model.NewTextProcessor(modelPath)
+			textProcessor, err = model.NewTextProcessor(modelPath)
 		} else {
 			err = errors.New("split vision models aren't supported")
 		}
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(systemInfo ml.SystemInfo, gpus []ml.DeviceInfo, modelPath st
 			slog.Debug("model not yet supported by Ollama engine, switching to compatibility mode", "model", modelPath, "error", err)
 		}
 	}
-	if tok == nil {
+	if textProcessor == nil {
 		llamaModel, err = llama.LoadModelFromFile(modelPath, llama.ModelParams{VocabOnly: true})
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -212,7 +211,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(systemInfo ml.SystemInfo, gpus []ml.DeviceInfo, modelPath st
 
 	kvct := strings.ToLower(envconfig.KvCacheType())
 
-	if tok == nil {
+	if textProcessor == nil {
 		flashAttention := ml.FlashAttentionAuto
 		if faUserSet {
 			if fa {
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(systemInfo ml.SystemInfo, gpus []ml.DeviceInfo, modelPath st
 	gpuLibs := ml.LibraryPaths(gpus)
 	status := NewStatusWriter(os.Stderr)
 	cmd, port, err := StartRunner(
-		tok != nil,
+		textProcessor != nil,
 		modelPath,
 		gpuLibs,
 		status,
@@ -311,8 +310,8 @@ func NewLlamaServer(systemInfo ml.SystemInfo, gpus []ml.DeviceInfo, modelPath st
 		}
 	}()
 
-	if tok != nil {
-		return &ollamaServer{llmServer: s, tokenizer: tok}, nil
+	if textProcessor != nil {
+		return &ollamaServer{llmServer: s, textProcessor: textProcessor}, nil
 	} else {
 		return &llamaServer{llmServer: s, ggml: f}, nil
 	}
@@ -1775,7 +1774,7 @@ func (s *llamaServer) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, erro
 }
 
 func (s *ollamaServer) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error) {
-	tokens, err := s.tokenizer.Encode(content, false)
+	tokens, err := s.textProcessor.Encode(content, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1810,7 +1809,7 @@ func (s *ollamaServer) Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, er
 		toks[i] = int32(t)
 	}
 
-	content, err := s.tokenizer.Decode(toks)
+	content, err := s.textProcessor.Decode(toks)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}

middleware/anthropic.go

@@ -131,15 +131,12 @@ func AnthropicMessagesMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 
 		messageID := anthropic.GenerateMessageID()
 
-		// Estimate input tokens for streaming (actual count not available until generation completes)
-		estimatedTokens := anthropic.EstimateInputTokens(req)
-
 		w := &AnthropicWriter{
 			BaseWriter: BaseWriter{ResponseWriter: c.Writer},
 			stream:     req.Stream,
 			id:         messageID,
 			model:      req.Model,
-			converter:  anthropic.NewStreamConverter(messageID, req.Model, estimatedTokens),
+			converter:  anthropic.NewStreamConverter(messageID, req.Model),
 		}
 
 		if req.Stream {

model/bytepairencoding.go

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"iter"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/dlclark/regexp2"
+	heap "github.com/emirpasic/gods/v2/trees/binaryheap"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
+)
+
+type BytePairEncoding struct {
+	vocab   *Vocabulary
+	regexps []*regexp2.Regexp
+}
+
+var _ TextProcessor = (*BytePairEncoding)(nil)
+
+func NewBytePairEncoding(vocab *Vocabulary, pretokenizers ...string) BytePairEncoding {
+	if len(pretokenizers) == 0 {
+		// set default byte-level pretokenizer if none provided, e.g.
+		// https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizers/blob/main/tokenizers/src/pre_tokenizers/byte_level.rs#L44
+		pretokenizers = []string{`'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d| ?\p{L}+| ?\p{N}+| ?[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+`}
+	}
+
+	return BytePairEncoding{
+		vocab: vocab,
+		regexps: slices.Collect(func(yield func(*regexp2.Regexp) bool) {
+			for _, p := range pretokenizers {
+				if !yield(regexp2.MustCompile(p, regexp2.RE2)) {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (bpe BytePairEncoding) Vocabulary() *Vocabulary {
+	return bpe.vocab
+}
+
+func (bpe BytePairEncoding) Is(id int32, special Special) bool {
+	return bpe.vocab.Is(id, special)
+}
+
+func (bpe *BytePairEncoding) split(s string) iter.Seq[string] {
+	parts := []string{s}
+	for _, re := range bpe.regexps {
+		parts = slices.Collect(func(yield func(string) bool) {
+			for _, part := range parts {
+				r := []rune(part)
+				var offset int
+				for m, _ := re.FindRunesMatch(r); m != nil; m, _ = re.FindNextMatch(m) {
+					if offset-m.Index != 0 {
+						if !yield(string(r[:m.Index])) {
+							return
+						}
+					}
+
+					if !yield(m.String()) {
+						return
+					}
+
+					offset = m.Index + m.Length
+				}
+
+				if offset < len(r) {
+					if !yield(string(r[offset:])) {
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	return slices.Values(parts)
+}
+
+// fragment is a string fragment and their corresponding token IDs
+type fragment struct {
+	value string
+	ids   []int32
+}
+
+// pair is a pair of runes and its rank
+type pair struct {
+	a, b  int
+	rank  int
+	value string
+}
+
+type merge struct {
+	p, n  int
+	runes []rune
+}
+
+func (bpe BytePairEncoding) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
+	fragments := []fragment{{value: s}}
+	for _, special := range bpe.vocab.SpecialVocabulary() {
+		// TODO: process special tokens concurrently
+		id := bpe.vocab.Encode(special)
+		for i := 0; i < len(fragments); i++ {
+			frag := fragments[i]
+			if len(frag.ids) > 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var middle []fragment
+			switch i := strings.Index(frag.value, special); {
+			case i < 0:
+				middle = append(middle, frag)
+			case i > 0:
+				middle = append(middle, fragment{value: frag.value[:i]})
+				fallthrough
+			default:
+				middle = append(middle, fragment{value: special, ids: []int32{id}})
+				if rest := frag.value[i+len(special):]; rest != "" {
+					middle = append(middle, fragment{value: rest})
+				}
+			}
+
+			fragments = append(fragments[:i], append(middle, fragments[i+1:]...)...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var ids []int32
+	for _, frag := range fragments {
+		if len(frag.ids) > 0 {
+			ids = append(ids, frag.ids...)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for split := range bpe.split(frag.value) {
+			// TODO: process splits concurrently
+			var sb strings.Builder
+			for _, b := range []byte(split) {
+				r := rune(b)
+				switch {
+				case r == 0x00ad:
+					r = 0x0143
+				case r <= 0x0020:
+					r = r + 0x0100
+				case r >= 0x007f && r <= 0x00a0:
+					r = r + 0x00a2
+				}
+
+				sb.WriteRune(r)
+			}
+
+			// short circuit if the fragment is in the vocabulary
+			if id := bpe.vocab.Encode(sb.String()); id >= 0 {
+				ids = append(ids, id)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			runes := []rune(sb.String())
+			merges := make([]merge, len(runes))
+			for r := range runes {
+				merges[r] = merge{
+					p:     r - 1,
+					n:     r + 1,
+					runes: []rune{runes[r]},
+				}
+			}
+
+			pairwise := func(a, b int) *pair {
+				if a < 0 || b >= len(runes) {
+					return nil
+				}
+
+				left, right := string(merges[a].runes), string(merges[b].runes)
+				rank := bpe.vocab.Merge(left, right)
+				if rank < 0 {
+					return nil
+				}
+
+				return &pair{
+					a:     a,
+					b:     b,
+					rank:  rank,
+					value: left + right,
+				}
+			}
+
+			pairs := heap.NewWith(func(i, j *pair) int {
+				return cmp.Compare(i.rank, j.rank)
+			})
+
+			for i := range len(runes) - 1 {
+				if pair := pairwise(i, i+1); pair != nil {
+					pairs.Push(pair)
+				}
+			}
+
+			for !pairs.Empty() {
+				pair, _ := pairs.Pop()
+
+				left, right := merges[pair.a], merges[pair.b]
+				if len(left.runes) == 0 || len(right.runes) == 0 ||
+					string(left.runes)+string(right.runes) != pair.value {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if id := bpe.vocab.Encode(pair.value); id < 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				merges[pair.a].runes = append(left.runes, right.runes...)
+				merges[pair.b].runes = nil
+
+				merges[pair.a].n = right.n
+				if right.n < len(merges) {
+					merges[right.n].p = pair.a
+				}
+
+				if pair := pairwise(merges[pair.a].p, pair.a); pair != nil {
+					pairs.Push(pair)
+				}
+
+				if pair := pairwise(pair.a, merges[pair.a].n); pair != nil {
+					pairs.Push(pair)
+				}
+			}
+
+			for _, merge := range merges {
+				if len(merge.runes) > 0 {
+					// TODO: handle the edge case where the rune isn't in the vocabulary
+					if id := bpe.vocab.Encode(string(merge.runes)); id >= 0 {
+						ids = append(ids, id)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if addSpecial {
+		ids = bpe.vocab.addSpecials(ids)
+	}
+
+	logutil.Trace("encoded", "string", s, "ids", ids)
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+func (bpe BytePairEncoding) Decode(ids []int32) (string, error) {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		for _, r := range bpe.vocab.Decode(id) {
+			switch {
+			case r == 0x0100:
+				// this produces 0x00 aka NULL
+				continue
+			case r == 0x0143:
+				r = 0x00ad
+			case r > 0x0100 && r <= 0x0120:
+				r = r - 0x0100
+			case r > 0x0120 && r <= 0x0142:
+				r = r - 0x00a2
+			}
+
+			// NOTE: not using WriteRune here because it writes the UTF-8
+			// encoding of the rune which is _not_ what we want
+			if err := sb.WriteByte(byte(r)); err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	logutil.Trace("decoded", "string", sb.String(), "from", ids)
+	return sb.String(), nil
+}

model/bytepairencoding_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 func llama(t testing.TB) BytePairEncoding {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.FromSlash("testdata/llama3.2/encoder.json"))
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("testdata", "llama3.2", "encoder.json"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func llama(t testing.TB) BytePairEncoding {
 		}
 	}
 
-	f, err = os.Open(filepath.FromSlash("testdata/llama3.2/vocab.bpe"))
+	f, err = os.Open(filepath.Join("testdata", "llama3.2", "vocab.bpe"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

model/model.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/backend"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/pooling"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ func New(modelPath string, params ml.BackendParams) (Model, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-func NewTextProcessor(s string) (tokenizer.Tokenizer, error) {
+func NewTextProcessor(s string) (TextProcessor, error) {
 	r, err := os.Open(s)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ func NewTextProcessor(s string) (tokenizer.Tokenizer, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	tp, ok := m.(tokenizer.Tokenizer)
+	tp, ok := m.(TextProcessor)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, ErrUnsupportedTokenizer
 	}

model/models/bert/embed.go

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/pooling"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	TokenEmbedding     *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	TypeEmbedding      *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_types"`
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ func (o Options) headDim() int {
 }
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
-	vocab := &tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+	vocab := &model.Vocabulary{
 		Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 		Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 		Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
@@ -154,17 +153,17 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	var t tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	var processor model.TextProcessor
 	switch c.String("tokenizer.ggml.model", "bert") {
 	case "bert":
-		t = tokenizer.NewWordPiece(vocab, true)
+		processor = model.NewWordPiece(vocab, true)
 	default:
 		return nil, model.ErrUnsupportedTokenizer
 	}
 
 	return &Model{
-		Tokenizer: t,
-		Layers:    make([]EncoderLayer, c.Uint("block_count")),
+		TextProcessor: processor,
+		Layers:        make([]EncoderLayer, c.Uint("block_count")),
 		Options: Options{
 			hiddenSize:  int(c.Uint("embedding_length")),
 			numHeads:    int(c.Uint("attention.head_count")),

model/models/deepseek2/model.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ func (t *Layer) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions, outputs ml.Tens
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []Layer       `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -278,8 +277,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/deepseekocr/model.go

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	Sam    *samModel    `gguf:"s"`
 	Vision *visionModel `gguf:"v"`
@@ -135,8 +134,8 @@ func init() {
 		}
 
 		m := Model{
-			Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-				&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+			TextProcessor: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+				&model.Vocabulary{
 					Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 					Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 					Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/gemma2/model.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ func (o Options) applyRotaryPositionEmbeddings(ctx ml.Context, states, positions
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.SentencePiece
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []Layer       `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -44,8 +43,8 @@ const (
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewSentencePiece(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		SentencePiece: model.NewSentencePiece(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),

model/models/gemma3/embed.go

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/pooling"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type embedModel struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.SentencePiece
 
 	*TextModel
 	poolingType pooling.Type
@@ -32,8 +31,8 @@ func (m *embedModel) Forward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch) (ml.Tensor, erro
 
 func newEmbedModel(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := &embedModel{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewSentencePiece(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		SentencePiece: model.NewSentencePiece(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),

model/models/gemma3/model.go

@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	*VisionModel `gguf:"v"`
 	*TextModel
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ func (p *MultiModalProjector) Forward(ctx ml.Context, visionOutputs ml.Tensor, i
 }
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
-	vocabulary := tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+	vocabulary := model.Vocabulary{
 		Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 		Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 		Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
@@ -71,19 +70,19 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 		),
 	}
 
-	var t tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	var processor model.TextProcessor
 	switch c.String("tokenizer.ggml.model") {
 	case "gpt2":
-		t = tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(&vocabulary)
+		processor = model.NewBytePairEncoding(&vocabulary)
 	default:
 		// Previous uploads of Gemma 3 on Ollama did not have token 106
 		// (i.e. "<end_of_turn>") so we need to add in case it's not already present
 		vocabulary.EOS = append(vocabulary.EOS, int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eot_token_id", 106)))
-		t = tokenizer.NewSentencePiece(&vocabulary)
+		processor = model.NewSentencePiece(&vocabulary)
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer:      t,
+		TextProcessor:  processor,
 		ImageProcessor: newImageProcessor(c),
 		VisionModel:    newVisionModel(c),
 		TextModel:      newTextModel(c),

model/models/gemma3n/model.go

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.SentencePiece
 
 	*TextModel
 }
@@ -24,8 +23,8 @@ func (m *Model) Forward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch) (ml.Tensor, error) {
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := Model{
 		TextModel: newTextModel(c),
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewSentencePiece(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		SentencePiece: model.NewSentencePiece(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),

model/models/glm4moelite/model.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 var ErrOldModelFormat = errors.New("this model uses a weight format that is no longer supported; please re-download it")
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ func (t *Layer) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions, outputs ml.Tens
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []Layer       `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -237,8 +236,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/glmocr/model.go

@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	*TextModel
 	*VisionModel     `gguf:"v"`
@@ -38,8 +37,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	allEOS := append([]int32{eosTokenID}, eosTokenIDs...)
 
 	m := &Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/gptoss/model.go

@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Transformer struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	TokenEmbedding    *nn.Embedding      `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	TransformerBlocks []TransformerBlock `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -197,8 +196,8 @@ func (mlp *MLPBlock) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, opts *Optio
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := Transformer{
 		TransformerBlocks: make([]TransformerBlock, c.Uint("block_count")),
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/lfm2/model.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ func (o Options) applyRotaryPositionEmbeddings(ctx ml.Context, states, positions
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []Layer       `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 		return nil, model.ErrUnsupportedTokenizer
 	}
 
-	vocabulary := tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+	vocabulary := model.Vocabulary{
 		Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 		Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 		Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
@@ -105,8 +104,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(&vocabulary, pretokenizers...),
-		Layers:    make([]Layer, c.Uint("block_count")),
+		TextProcessor: model.NewBytePairEncoding(&vocabulary, pretokenizers...),
+		Layers:        make([]Layer, c.Uint("block_count")),
 		Options: Options{
 			hiddenSize:            int(c.Uint("embedding_length")),
 			headDim:               int(c.Uint("attention.key_length")),

model/models/llama/model.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ func (o Options) applyRotaryPositionEmbeddings(ctx ml.Context, states, positions
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []Layer       `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -42,8 +41,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 		return nil, model.ErrUnsupportedModel
 	}
 
-	var processor tokenizer.Tokenizer
-	vocabulary := tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+	var processor model.TextProcessor
+	vocabulary := model.Vocabulary{
 		Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 		Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
 		Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
@@ -81,16 +80,16 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 				"(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
 			}
 		}
-		processor = tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(&vocabulary, pretokenizers...)
+		processor = model.NewBytePairEncoding(&vocabulary, pretokenizers...)
 	case "llama":
-		processor = tokenizer.NewSentencePiece(&vocabulary)
+		processor = model.NewSentencePiece(&vocabulary)
 	default:
 		return nil, model.ErrUnsupportedTokenizer
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: processor,
-		Layers:    make([]Layer, c.Uint("block_count")),
+		TextProcessor: processor,
+		Layers:        make([]Layer, c.Uint("block_count")),
 		Options: Options{
 			hiddenSize: int(c.Uint("embedding_length")),
 			numHeads:   int(c.Uint("attention.head_count")),

model/models/llama4/model.go

@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 	ImageProcessor
 
 	*VisionModel `gguf:"v"`
@@ -34,8 +33,8 @@ func (p *Projector) Forward(ctx ml.Context, visionOutputs ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/mistral3/model.go

@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	*TextModel
 	*VisionModel         `gguf:"v"`
@@ -29,12 +28,12 @@ type Model struct {
 var _ model.MultimodalProcessor = (*Model)(nil)
 
 // Implement TextProcessor interface
-var _ tokenizer.Tokenizer = (*Model)(nil)
+var _ model.TextProcessor = (*Model)(nil)
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := &Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/mllama/model.go

@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	*VisionModel `gguf:"v"`
 	*TextModel
@@ -33,8 +32,8 @@ const (
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/nomicbert/model.go

@@ -11,12 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	TokenEmbedding     *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	TypeEmbedding      *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_types"`
@@ -179,6 +178,29 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	numHeads := int(c.Uint("attention.head_count"))
 	headDim := hiddenSize / numHeads
 
+	processor := model.NewWordPiece(
+		&model.Vocabulary{
+			Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
+			Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
+			Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
+			AddBOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token", true),
+			BOS: []int32{
+				int32(cmp.Or(
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.cls_token_id"),
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id"),
+				)),
+			},
+			AddEOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token", true),
+			EOS: []int32{
+				int32(cmp.Or(
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.separator_token_id"),
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id"),
+				)),
+			},
+		},
+		false,
+	)
+
 	blockCount := int(c.Uint("block_count"))
 	moeEveryNLayers := int(c.Uint("moe_every_n_layers", 0))
 	layers := make([]EncoderLayer, blockCount)
@@ -197,29 +219,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	return &Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewWordPiece(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
-				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
-				Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
-				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
-				AddBOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token", true),
-				BOS: []int32{
-					int32(cmp.Or(
-						c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.cls_token_id"),
-						c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id"),
-					)),
-				},
-				AddEOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token", true),
-				EOS: []int32{
-					int32(cmp.Or(
-						c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.separator_token_id"),
-						c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id"),
-					)),
-				},
-			},
-			false,
-		),
-		Layers: layers,
+		TextProcessor: processor,
+		Layers:        layers,
 		Options: Options{
 			hiddenSize:      hiddenSize,
 			numHeads:        numHeads,

model/models/olmo3/model.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ type Options struct {
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []Layer       `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -45,24 +44,28 @@ type Model struct {
 }
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
-	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
-				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
-				Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
-				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
-				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),
-				AddBOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token", false),
-				BOS:    []int32{int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id"))},
-				AddEOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token", false),
-				EOS: append(
-					[]int32{int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id"))},
-					c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_ids")...,
-				),
-			},
-			"(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+	vocabulary := model.Vocabulary{
+		Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
+		Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
+		Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
+		Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),
+		AddBOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token", false),
+		BOS:    []int32{int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id"))},
+		AddEOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token", false),
+		EOS: append(
+			[]int32{int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id"))},
+			c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_ids")...,
 		),
-		Layers: make([]Layer, c.Uint("block_count")),
+	}
+
+	processor := model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+		&vocabulary,
+		"(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)|[^\\r\\n\\p{L}\\p{N}]?\\p{L}+|\\p{N}{1,3}| ?[^\\s\\p{L}\\p{N}]+[\\r\\n]*|\\s*[\\r\\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+	)
+
+	m := Model{
+		TextProcessor: processor,
+		Layers:        make([]Layer, c.Uint("block_count")),
 		Options: Options{
 			hiddenSize:            int(c.Uint("embedding_length")),
 			numHeads:              int(c.Uint("attention.head_count")),

model/models/qwen2/model.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ func (d DecoderLayer) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions, outputs m
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding  `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	Layers         []DecoderLayer `gguf:"blk"`
@@ -140,8 +139,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 	m := Model{
 		Layers: make([]DecoderLayer, c.Uint("block_count")),
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/qwen25vl/model.go

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	*TextModel
 	*VisionModel `gguf:"v"`
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ var _ model.MultimodalProcessor = (*Model)(nil)
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := &Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/qwen3/embed.go

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/pooling"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type embedModel struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	*Model
 	poolingType pooling.Type
@@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ func newEmbed(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 		layers[i].MLP = &dense{}
 	}
 	m := embedModel{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/qwen3/model.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ func (d *Layer) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions, outputs ml.Tens
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	OutputNorm     *nn.RMSNorm   `gguf:"output_norm"`
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/qwen3next/model.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 // Options contains model configuration
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ func (l *Layer) Forward(ctx ml.Context, layer int, hiddenStates, positions, outp
 // Model is the main Qwen3-Next model
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.BytePairEncoding
 
 	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
 	OutputNorm     *nn.RMSNorm   `gguf:"output_norm"`
@@ -354,8 +353,8 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/models/qwen3vl/model.go

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 )
 
 type Model struct {
 	model.Base
-	tokenizer.Tokenizer
+	model.TextProcessor
 
 	*TextModel
 	*VisionModel `gguf:"v"`
@@ -173,8 +172,8 @@ func (m *Model) Forward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch) (ml.Tensor, error) {
 
 func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	m := Model{
-		Tokenizer: tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-			&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+		TextProcessor: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+			&model.Vocabulary{
 				Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
 				Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
 				Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),

model/sentencepiece.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"container/heap"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ type SentencePiece struct {
 	vocab       *Vocabulary
 }
 
-var _ Tokenizer = (*SentencePiece)(nil)
+var _ TextProcessor = (*SentencePiece)(nil)
 
 func (spm SentencePiece) Vocabulary() *Vocabulary {
 	return spm.vocab
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ func (spm SentencePiece) Decode(ids []int32) (string, error) {
 		data := spm.vocab.Decode(id)
 		data = strings.ReplaceAll(data, spmWhitespaceSep, " ")
 
-		// For tokenizer that use byte tokens like "<0xEA>"
+		// For tokenizers that use byte tokens like "<0xEA>"
 		// convert them to the partial unicode character
 		// so they are buffered correctly by the runner instead
 		// of being sent back to the api as "<0xEA>"

model/sentencepiece_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"log/slog"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 func loadSentencePieceVocab(t *testing.T) SentencePiece {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.FromSlash("testdata/gemma2/tokenizer.model"))
+	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testdata", "gemma2", "tokenizer.model"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

model/textprocessor.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 const (
 	TOKEN_TYPE_NORMAL = iota + 1
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const (
 	TOKEN_TYPE_BYTE
 )
 
-type Tokenizer interface {
+type TextProcessor interface {
 	Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error)
 	Decode([]int32) (string, error)
 	Is(int32, Special) bool

model/vocabulary.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"log/slog"

model/vocabulary_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"testing"

model/wordpiece.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ var wordPieceReplacer = strings.NewReplacer(
 	" 're", "'re",
 )
 
-// Decode implements Tokenizer.
+// Decode implements TextProcessor.
 func (wpm WordPiece) Decode(ids []int32) (string, error) {
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	for i, id := range ids {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (wpm WordPiece) words(s string) iter.Seq[string] {
 	}
 }
 
-// Encode implements Tokenizer.
+// Encode implements TextProcessor.
 func (wpm WordPiece) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
 	var ids []int32
 
@@ -151,17 +151,17 @@ func (wpm WordPiece) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
 	return ids, nil
 }
 
-// Is implements Tokenizer.
+// Is implements TextProcessor.
 func (wpm WordPiece) Is(id int32, special Special) bool {
 	return wpm.vocab.Is(id, special)
 }
 
-// Vocabulary implements Tokenizer.
+// Vocabulary implements TextProcessor.
 func (wpm WordPiece) Vocabulary() *Vocabulary {
 	return wpm.vocab
 }
 
-var _ Tokenizer = (*WordPiece)(nil)
+var _ TextProcessor = (*WordPiece)(nil)
 
 func NewWordPiece(vocab *Vocabulary, lowercase bool) WordPiece {
 	return WordPiece{

model/wordpiece_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package tokenizer
+package model
 
 import (
 	"slices"

runner/ollamarunner/runner.go

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/runner/common"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/sample"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
 
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models"
 )
@@ -211,9 +210,9 @@ func (s *Server) NewSequence(prompt string, images []llm.ImageData, params NewSe
 }
 
 // calculateLogprobs converts raw logits to log probabilities and finds top K tokens
-func calculateLogprobs(logits []float32, selectedToken int32, topK int, tok tokenizer.Tokenizer) []llm.Logprob {
+func calculateLogprobs(logits []float32, selectedToken int32, topK int, textProcessor model.TextProcessor) []llm.Logprob {
 	decoder := func(tokenID int) string {
-		text, _ := tok.Decode([]int32{int32(tokenID)})
+		text, _ := textProcessor.Decode([]int32{int32(tokenID)})
 		return text
 	}
 	return common.CalculateLogprobs(logits, int(selectedToken), topK, decoder)
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ func (s *Server) inputs(prompt string, images []llm.ImageData) ([]*input.Input,
 
 	for i, part := range parts {
 		// text - tokenize
-		tokens, err := s.model.(tokenizer.Tokenizer).Encode(part, i == 0)
+		tokens, err := s.model.(model.TextProcessor).Encode(part, i == 0)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, nil, err
 		}
@@ -515,6 +514,13 @@ func (s *Server) forwardBatch(pendingBatch batchState) (nextBatch batchState, er
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// if past the num predict limit
+		if seq.numPredict > 0 && seq.numPredicted >= seq.numPredict {
+			s.removeSequence(seqIdx, llm.DoneReasonLength)
+			nextBatch.seqs[seqIdx] = nil
+			continue
+		}
+
 		if !s.cache.enabled {
 			seq.inputs = append(seq.cache.Inputs, seq.inputs...)
 			seq.cache.Inputs = []*input.Input{}
@@ -703,6 +709,7 @@ func (s *Server) computeBatch(activeBatch batchState) {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		seq.numPredicted++
 		nextToken := &input.Input{Token: 0} // placeholder we'll fill in after Compute/Floats
 		seq.inputs = []*input.Input{nextToken}
 		nextBatchTokens[i] = nextToken
@@ -738,9 +745,7 @@ func (s *Server) computeBatch(activeBatch batchState) {
 			logutil.Trace("computeBatch: sequence replaced, discarding its results", "batchID", activeBatch.id, "seqIdx", i)
 			continue
 		}
-
 		seq.lastUpdatedAt = t
-		seq.numPredicted++
 		if seq.numPredicted == 1 {
 			seq.processingDuration = seq.lastUpdatedAt.Sub(seq.startedAt)
 			seq.startedAt = seq.lastUpdatedAt
@@ -765,7 +770,7 @@ func (s *Server) computeBatch(activeBatch batchState) {
 		nextBatchTokens[i].Token = token
 
 		// if it's an end of sequence token, break
-		if s.model.(tokenizer.Tokenizer).Is(token, tokenizer.SpecialEOS) {
+		if s.model.(model.TextProcessor).Is(token, model.SpecialEOS) {
 			// TODO (jmorganca): we should send this back
 			// as it's important for the /api/generate context
 			// seq.responses <- piece
@@ -774,25 +779,18 @@ func (s *Server) computeBatch(activeBatch batchState) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		piece, err := s.model.(tokenizer.Tokenizer).Decode([]int32{token})
+		piece, err := s.model.(model.TextProcessor).Decode([]int32{token})
 		if err != nil {
 			panic("failed to decode token")
 		}
 
 		// Calculate logprobs if requested (after EOS check to avoid logprobs for EOS tokens)
 		if seq.logprobs {
-			logprobs := calculateLogprobs(logits, token, seq.topLogprobs, s.model.(tokenizer.Tokenizer))
+			logprobs := calculateLogprobs(logits, token, seq.topLogprobs, s.model.(model.TextProcessor))
 			seq.pendingLogprobs = append(seq.pendingLogprobs, logprobs...)
 		}
 
 		seq.pendingResponses = append(seq.pendingResponses, piece)
-
-		// if past the num predict limit
-		if seq.numPredict > 0 && seq.numPredicted >= seq.numPredict {
-			s.removeSequence(i, llm.DoneReasonLength)
-			continue
-		}
-
 		sequence := strings.Join(seq.pendingResponses, "")
 
 		if ok, stop := common.FindStop(sequence, seq.stop); ok {
@@ -879,7 +877,7 @@ func (s *Server) completion(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var grammar *sample.GrammarSampler
 	var err error
 	if req.Grammar != "" {
-		grammar, err = sample.NewGrammarSampler(s.model.(tokenizer.Tokenizer), req.Grammar)
+		grammar, err = sample.NewGrammarSampler(s.model.(model.TextProcessor), req.Grammar)
 		if err != nil {
 			http.Error(w, "failed to load model vocabulary required for format", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			return

runner/runner.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package runner
 import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/runner/llamarunner"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/runner/ollamarunner"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/mlxrunner"
 )
 
 func Execute(args []string) error {
@@ -11,13 +11,22 @@ func Execute(args []string) error {
 		args = args[1:]
 	}
 
-	if len(args) > 0 {
-		switch args[0] {
-		case "--ollama-engine":
-			return ollamarunner.Execute(args[1:])
-		case "--imagegen-engine":
-			return imagegen.Execute(args[1:])
-		}
+	var newRunner bool
+	var mlxRunner bool
+	if len(args) > 0 && args[0] == "--ollama-engine" {
+		args = args[1:]
+		newRunner = true
+	}
+	if len(args) > 0 && args[0] == "--mlx-engine" {
+		args = args[1:]
+		mlxRunner = true
+	}
+
+	if mlxRunner {
+		return mlxrunner.Execute(args)
+	} else if newRunner {
+		return ollamarunner.Execute(args)
+	} else {
+		return llamarunner.Execute(args)
 	}
-	return llamarunner.Execute(args)
 }

sample/samplers.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llama"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 )
 
 // token represents information about a single token during sampling
@@ -168,15 +168,15 @@ type GrammarSampler struct {
 	grammar *llama.Grammar
 }
 
-func NewGrammarSampler(tok tokenizer.Tokenizer, grammarStr string) (*GrammarSampler, error) {
-	vocabIds := make([]uint32, len(tok.Vocabulary().Values))
-	pieces := make([]string, len(tok.Vocabulary().Values))
-	for i := range tok.Vocabulary().Values {
-		pieces[i], _ = tok.Decode([]int32{int32(i)})
+func NewGrammarSampler(model model.TextProcessor, grammarStr string) (*GrammarSampler, error) {
+	vocabIds := make([]uint32, len(model.Vocabulary().Values))
+	pieces := make([]string, len(model.Vocabulary().Values))
+	for i := range model.Vocabulary().Values {
+		pieces[i], _ = model.Decode([]int32{int32(i)})
 		vocabIds[i] = uint32(i)
 	}
 
-	grammar := llama.NewGrammar(grammarStr, vocabIds, pieces, tok.Vocabulary().EOS)
+	grammar := llama.NewGrammar(grammarStr, vocabIds, pieces, model.Vocabulary().EOS)
 	if grammar == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("sample: failed to initialize grammar")
 	}

sample/samplers_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/tokenizer"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
 )
 
 func TestWeighted(t *testing.T) {
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ func TestWeighted(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func modelHelper(t testing.TB) tokenizer.Tokenizer {
+func modelHelper(t testing.TB) model.BytePairEncoding {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.FromSlash("../tokenizer/testdata/llama3.2/encoder.json"))
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("..", "model", "testdata", "llama3.2", "encoder.json"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ func modelHelper(t testing.TB) tokenizer.Tokenizer {
 
 	merges := make([]string, 0, 1)
 	// Only need vocab for Grammar Test
-	return tokenizer.NewBytePairEncoding(
-		&tokenizer.Vocabulary{
+	return model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+		&model.Vocabulary{
 			Values: tokens,
 			Types:  make([]int32, len(vocab)),
 			Merges: merges,

scripts/install.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# This script installs Ollama on Linux and macOS.
+# This script installs Ollama on Linux.
 # It detects the current operating system architecture and installs the appropriate version of Ollama.
 
 set -eu
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ require() {
     echo $MISSING
 }
 
-OS="$(uname -s)"
+[ "$(uname -s)" = "Linux" ] || error 'This script is intended to run on Linux only.'
+
 ARCH=$(uname -m)
 case "$ARCH" in
     x86_64) ARCH="amd64" ;;
@@ -35,65 +36,6 @@ case "$ARCH" in
     *) error "Unsupported architecture: $ARCH" ;;
 esac
 
-###########################################
-# macOS
-###########################################
-
-if [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
-    NEEDS=$(require curl unzip)
-    if [ -n "$NEEDS" ]; then
-        status "ERROR: The following tools are required but missing:"
-        for NEED in $NEEDS; do
-            echo "  - $NEED"
-        done
-        exit 1
-    fi
-
-    if [ -n "${OLLAMA_VERSION:-}" ]; then
-        DOWNLOAD_URL="https://github.com/ollama/ollama/releases/download/${OLLAMA_VERSION}/Ollama-darwin.zip"
-    else
-        DOWNLOAD_URL="https://github.com/ollama/ollama/releases/latest/download/Ollama-darwin.zip"
-    fi
-
-    if pgrep -x Ollama >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        status "Stopping running Ollama instance..."
-        pkill -x Ollama 2>/dev/null || true
-        sleep 2
-    fi
-
-    if [ -d "/Applications/Ollama.app" ]; then
-        status "Removing existing Ollama installation..."
-        rm -rf "/Applications/Ollama.app"
-    fi
-
-    status "Downloading Ollama for macOS..."
-    curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \
-        -o "$TEMP_DIR/Ollama-darwin.zip" "$DOWNLOAD_URL"
-
-    status "Installing Ollama to /Applications..."
-    unzip -q "$TEMP_DIR/Ollama-darwin.zip" -d "$TEMP_DIR"
-    mv "$TEMP_DIR/Ollama.app" "/Applications/"
-
-    status "Adding 'ollama' command to PATH (may require password)..."
-    mkdir -p "/usr/local/bin" 2>/dev/null || sudo mkdir -p "/usr/local/bin"
-    ln -sf "/Applications/Ollama.app/Contents/Resources/ollama" "/usr/local/bin/ollama" 2>/dev/null || \
-        sudo ln -sf "/Applications/Ollama.app/Contents/Resources/ollama" "/usr/local/bin/ollama"
-
-    if [ -z "${OLLAMA_NO_START:-}" ]; then
-        status "Starting Ollama..."
-        open -a Ollama --args hidden
-    fi
-
-    status "Install complete. You can now run 'ollama'."
-    exit 0
-fi
-
-###########################################
-# Linux
-###########################################
-
-[ "$OS" = "Linux" ] || error 'This script is intended to run on Linux and macOS only.'
-
 IS_WSL2=false
 
 KERN=$(uname -r)

server/aliases.go

@@ -1,422 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/manifest"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
-)
-
-const (
-	serverConfigFilename = "server.json"
-	serverConfigVersion  = 1
-)
-
-var errAliasCycle = errors.New("alias cycle detected")
-
-type aliasEntry struct {
-	Alias          string `json:"alias"`
-	Target         string `json:"target"`
-	PrefixMatching bool   `json:"prefix_matching,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type serverConfig struct {
-	Version int          `json:"version"`
-	Aliases []aliasEntry `json:"aliases"`
-}
-
-type store struct {
-	mu            sync.RWMutex
-	path          string
-	entries       map[string]aliasEntry // normalized alias -> entry (exact matches)
-	prefixEntries []aliasEntry          // prefix matches, sorted longest-first
-}
-
-func createStore(path string) (*store, error) {
-	store := &store{
-		path:    path,
-		entries: make(map[string]aliasEntry),
-	}
-	if err := store.load(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return store, nil
-}
-
-func (s *store) load() error {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(s.path)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var cfg serverConfig
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if cfg.Version != 0 && cfg.Version != serverConfigVersion {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported router config version %d", cfg.Version)
-	}
-
-	for _, entry := range cfg.Aliases {
-		targetName := model.ParseName(entry.Target)
-		if !targetName.IsValid() {
-			slog.Warn("invalid alias target in router config", "target", entry.Target)
-			continue
-		}
-		canonicalTarget := displayAliasName(targetName)
-
-		if entry.PrefixMatching {
-			// Prefix aliases don't need to be valid model names
-			alias := strings.TrimSpace(entry.Alias)
-			if alias == "" {
-				slog.Warn("empty prefix alias in router config")
-				continue
-			}
-			s.prefixEntries = append(s.prefixEntries, aliasEntry{
-				Alias:          alias,
-				Target:         canonicalTarget,
-				PrefixMatching: true,
-			})
-		} else {
-			aliasName := model.ParseName(entry.Alias)
-			if !aliasName.IsValid() {
-				slog.Warn("invalid alias name in router config", "alias", entry.Alias)
-				continue
-			}
-			canonicalAlias := displayAliasName(aliasName)
-			s.entries[normalizeAliasKey(aliasName)] = aliasEntry{
-				Alias:  canonicalAlias,
-				Target: canonicalTarget,
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Sort prefix entries by alias length descending (longest prefix wins)
-	s.sortPrefixEntriesLocked()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *store) saveLocked() error {
-	dir := filepath.Dir(s.path)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Combine exact and prefix entries
-	entries := make([]aliasEntry, 0, len(s.entries)+len(s.prefixEntries))
-	for _, entry := range s.entries {
-		entries = append(entries, entry)
-	}
-	entries = append(entries, s.prefixEntries...)
-
-	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return strings.Compare(entries[i].Alias, entries[j].Alias) < 0
-	})
-
-	cfg := serverConfig{
-		Version: serverConfigVersion,
-		Aliases: entries,
-	}
-
-	f, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, "router-*.json")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	enc := json.NewEncoder(f)
-	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
-	if err := enc.Encode(cfg); err != nil {
-		_ = f.Close()
-		_ = os.Remove(f.Name())
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
-		_ = os.Remove(f.Name())
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := os.Chmod(f.Name(), 0o644); err != nil {
-		_ = os.Remove(f.Name())
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return os.Rename(f.Name(), s.path)
-}
-
-func (s *store) ResolveName(name model.Name) (model.Name, bool, error) {
-	// If a local model exists, do not allow alias shadowing (highest priority).
-	exists, err := localModelExists(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return name, false, err
-	}
-	if exists {
-		return name, false, nil
-	}
-
-	key := normalizeAliasKey(name)
-
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	entry, exactMatch := s.entries[key]
-	var prefixMatch *aliasEntry
-	if !exactMatch {
-		// Try prefix matching - prefixEntries is sorted longest-first
-		nameStr := strings.ToLower(displayAliasName(name))
-		for i := range s.prefixEntries {
-			prefix := strings.ToLower(s.prefixEntries[i].Alias)
-			if strings.HasPrefix(nameStr, prefix) {
-				prefixMatch = &s.prefixEntries[i]
-				break // First match is longest due to sorting
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	s.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if !exactMatch && prefixMatch == nil {
-		return name, false, nil
-	}
-
-	var current string
-	var visited map[string]struct{}
-
-	if exactMatch {
-		visited = map[string]struct{}{key: {}}
-		current = entry.Target
-	} else {
-		// For prefix match, use the target as-is
-		visited = map[string]struct{}{}
-		current = prefixMatch.Target
-	}
-
-	targetKey := normalizeAliasKeyString(current)
-
-	for {
-		targetName := model.ParseName(current)
-		if !targetName.IsValid() {
-			return name, false, fmt.Errorf("alias target %q is invalid", current)
-		}
-
-		if _, seen := visited[targetKey]; seen {
-			return name, false, errAliasCycle
-		}
-		visited[targetKey] = struct{}{}
-
-		s.mu.RLock()
-		next, ok := s.entries[targetKey]
-		s.mu.RUnlock()
-		if !ok {
-			return targetName, true, nil
-		}
-
-		current = next.Target
-		targetKey = normalizeAliasKeyString(current)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *store) Set(alias, target model.Name, prefixMatching bool) error {
-	targetKey := normalizeAliasKey(target)
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if prefixMatching {
-		// For prefix aliases, we skip cycle detection since prefix matching
-		// works differently and the target is a specific model
-		aliasStr := displayAliasName(alias)
-
-		// Remove any existing prefix entry with the same alias
-		for i, e := range s.prefixEntries {
-			if strings.EqualFold(e.Alias, aliasStr) {
-				s.prefixEntries = append(s.prefixEntries[:i], s.prefixEntries[i+1:]...)
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		s.prefixEntries = append(s.prefixEntries, aliasEntry{
-			Alias:          aliasStr,
-			Target:         displayAliasName(target),
-			PrefixMatching: true,
-		})
-		s.sortPrefixEntriesLocked()
-		return s.saveLocked()
-	}
-
-	aliasKey := normalizeAliasKey(alias)
-
-	if aliasKey == targetKey {
-		return fmt.Errorf("alias cannot point to itself")
-	}
-
-	visited := map[string]struct{}{aliasKey: {}}
-	currentKey := targetKey
-	for {
-		if _, seen := visited[currentKey]; seen {
-			return errAliasCycle
-		}
-		visited[currentKey] = struct{}{}
-
-		next, ok := s.entries[currentKey]
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		currentKey = normalizeAliasKeyString(next.Target)
-	}
-
-	s.entries[aliasKey] = aliasEntry{
-		Alias:  displayAliasName(alias),
-		Target: displayAliasName(target),
-	}
-
-	return s.saveLocked()
-}
-
-func (s *store) Delete(alias model.Name) (bool, error) {
-	aliasKey := normalizeAliasKey(alias)
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Try exact match first
-	if _, ok := s.entries[aliasKey]; ok {
-		delete(s.entries, aliasKey)
-		return true, s.saveLocked()
-	}
-
-	// Try prefix entries
-	aliasStr := displayAliasName(alias)
-	for i, e := range s.prefixEntries {
-		if strings.EqualFold(e.Alias, aliasStr) {
-			s.prefixEntries = append(s.prefixEntries[:i], s.prefixEntries[i+1:]...)
-			return true, s.saveLocked()
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-// DeleteByString deletes an alias by its raw string value, useful for prefix
-// aliases that may not be valid model names.
-func (s *store) DeleteByString(alias string) (bool, error) {
-	alias = strings.TrimSpace(alias)
-	aliasLower := strings.ToLower(alias)
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Try prefix entries first (since this is mainly for prefix aliases)
-	for i, e := range s.prefixEntries {
-		if strings.EqualFold(e.Alias, alias) {
-			s.prefixEntries = append(s.prefixEntries[:i], s.prefixEntries[i+1:]...)
-			return true, s.saveLocked()
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Also check exact entries by normalized key
-	if _, ok := s.entries[aliasLower]; ok {
-		delete(s.entries, aliasLower)
-		return true, s.saveLocked()
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-func (s *store) List() []aliasEntry {
-	s.mu.RLock()
-	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	entries := make([]aliasEntry, 0, len(s.entries)+len(s.prefixEntries))
-	for _, entry := range s.entries {
-		entries = append(entries, entry)
-	}
-	entries = append(entries, s.prefixEntries...)
-
-	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return strings.Compare(entries[i].Alias, entries[j].Alias) < 0
-	})
-	return entries
-}
-
-func normalizeAliasKey(name model.Name) string {
-	return strings.ToLower(displayAliasName(name))
-}
-
-func (s *store) sortPrefixEntriesLocked() {
-	sort.Slice(s.prefixEntries, func(i, j int) bool {
-		// Sort by length descending (longest prefix first)
-		return len(s.prefixEntries[i].Alias) > len(s.prefixEntries[j].Alias)
-	})
-}
-
-func normalizeAliasKeyString(value string) string {
-	n := model.ParseName(value)
-	if !n.IsValid() {
-		return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
-	}
-	return normalizeAliasKey(n)
-}
-
-func displayAliasName(n model.Name) string {
-	display := n.DisplayShortest()
-	if strings.EqualFold(n.Tag, "latest") {
-		if idx := strings.LastIndex(display, ":"); idx != -1 {
-			return display[:idx]
-		}
-	}
-	return display
-}
-
-func localModelExists(name model.Name) (bool, error) {
-	manifests, err := manifest.Manifests(true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	needle := name.String()
-	for existing := range manifests {
-		if strings.EqualFold(existing.String(), needle) {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-func serverConfigPath() string {
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return filepath.Join(".ollama", serverConfigFilename)
-	}
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", serverConfigFilename)
-}
-
-func (s *Server) aliasStore() (*store, error) {
-	s.aliasesOnce.Do(func() {
-		s.aliases, s.aliasesErr = createStore(serverConfigPath())
-	})
-
-	return s.aliases, s.aliasesErr
-}
-
-func (s *Server) resolveAlias(name model.Name) (model.Name, bool, error) {
-	store, err := s.aliasStore()
-	if err != nil {
-		return name, false, err
-	}
-
-	if store == nil {
-		return name, false, nil
-	}
-
-	return store.ResolveName(name)
-}

server/routes.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/errtypes"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
-	imagegenmanifest "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	xserver "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/server"
 )
 
@@ -82,9 +81,6 @@ type Server struct {
 	addr          net.Addr
 	sched         *Scheduler
 	defaultNumCtx int
-	aliasesOnce   sync.Once
-	aliases       *store
-	aliasesErr    error
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -195,16 +191,9 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	resolvedName, _, err := s.resolveAlias(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-	name = resolvedName
-
 	// We cannot currently consolidate this into GetModel because all we'll
 	// induce infinite recursion given the current code structure.
-	name, err = getExistingName(name)
+	name, err := getExistingName(name)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("model '%s' not found", req.Model)})
 		return
@@ -1106,7 +1095,7 @@ func GetModelInfo(req api.ShowRequest) (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
 
 	// For image generation models, populate details from imagegen package
 	if slices.Contains(m.Capabilities(), model.CapabilityImage) {
-		if info, err := imagegenmanifest.GetModelInfo(name.String()); err == nil {
+		if info, err := imagegen.GetModelInfo(name.String()); err == nil {
 			modelDetails.Family = info.Architecture
 			modelDetails.ParameterSize = format.HumanNumber(uint64(info.ParameterCount))
 			modelDetails.QuantizationLevel = info.Quantization
@@ -1591,9 +1580,6 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateRoutes(rc *ollama.Registry) (http.Handler, error) {
 	r.POST("/api/blobs/:digest", s.CreateBlobHandler)
 	r.HEAD("/api/blobs/:digest", s.HeadBlobHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/copy", s.CopyHandler)
-	r.GET("/api/experimental/aliases", s.ListAliasesHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/experimental/aliases", s.CreateAliasHandler)
-	r.DELETE("/api/experimental/aliases", s.DeleteAliasHandler)
 
 	// Inference
 	r.GET("/api/ps", s.PsHandler)
@@ -1964,20 +1950,13 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	resolvedName, _, err := s.resolveAlias(name)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-	name = resolvedName
-
-	name, err = getExistingName(name)
+	name, err := getExistingName(name)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "model is required"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	m, err := GetModel(name.String())
+	m, err := GetModel(req.Model)
 	if err != nil {
 		switch {
 		case os.IsNotExist(err):

server/routes_aliases.go

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
-)
-
-type aliasListResponse struct {
-	Aliases []aliasEntry `json:"aliases"`
-}
-
-type aliasDeleteRequest struct {
-	Alias string `json:"alias"`
-}
-
-func (s *Server) ListAliasesHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	store, err := s.aliasStore()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	var aliases []aliasEntry
-	if store != nil {
-		aliases = store.List()
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, aliasListResponse{Aliases: aliases})
-}
-
-func (s *Server) CreateAliasHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var req aliasEntry
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "missing request body"})
-		return
-	} else if err != nil {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	req.Alias = strings.TrimSpace(req.Alias)
-	req.Target = strings.TrimSpace(req.Target)
-	if req.Alias == "" || req.Target == "" {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "alias and target are required"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Target must always be a valid model name
-	targetName := model.ParseName(req.Target)
-	if !targetName.IsValid() {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("target %q is invalid", req.Target)})
-		return
-	}
-
-	var aliasName model.Name
-	if req.PrefixMatching {
-		// For prefix aliases, we still parse the alias to normalize it,
-		// but we allow any non-empty string since prefix patterns may not be valid model names
-		aliasName = model.ParseName(req.Alias)
-		// Even if not valid as a model name, we accept it for prefix matching
-	} else {
-		aliasName = model.ParseName(req.Alias)
-		if !aliasName.IsValid() {
-			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("alias %q is invalid", req.Alias)})
-			return
-		}
-
-		if normalizeAliasKey(aliasName) == normalizeAliasKey(targetName) {
-			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "alias cannot point to itself"})
-			return
-		}
-
-		exists, err := localModelExists(aliasName)
-		if err != nil {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-			return
-		}
-		if exists {
-			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("alias %q conflicts with existing model", req.Alias)})
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	store, err := s.aliasStore()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := store.Set(aliasName, targetName, req.PrefixMatching); err != nil {
-		status := http.StatusInternalServerError
-		if errors.Is(err, errAliasCycle) {
-			status = http.StatusBadRequest
-		}
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	resp := aliasEntry{
-		Alias:          displayAliasName(aliasName),
-		Target:         displayAliasName(targetName),
-		PrefixMatching: req.PrefixMatching,
-	}
-	if req.PrefixMatching && !aliasName.IsValid() {
-		// For prefix aliases that aren't valid model names, use the raw alias
-		resp.Alias = req.Alias
-	}
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
-}
-
-func (s *Server) DeleteAliasHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var req aliasDeleteRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "missing request body"})
-		return
-	} else if err != nil {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	req.Alias = strings.TrimSpace(req.Alias)
-	if req.Alias == "" {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "alias is required"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	store, err := s.aliasStore()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	aliasName := model.ParseName(req.Alias)
-	var deleted bool
-	if aliasName.IsValid() {
-		deleted, err = store.Delete(aliasName)
-	} else {
-		// For invalid model names (like prefix aliases), try deleting by raw string
-		deleted, err = store.DeleteByString(req.Alias)
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-	if !deleted {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("alias %q not found", req.Alias)})
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"deleted": true})
-}

server/routes_aliases_test.go

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"net/url"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
-)
-
-func TestAliasShadowingRejected(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
-
-	s := Server{}
-	w := createRequest(t, s.CreateHandler, api.CreateRequest{
-		Model:      "shadowed-model",
-		RemoteHost: "example.com",
-		From:       "test",
-		Info: map[string]any{
-			"capabilities": []string{"completion"},
-		},
-		Stream: &stream,
-	})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	w = createRequest(t, s.CreateAliasHandler, aliasEntry{Alias: "shadowed-model", Target: "other-model"})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAliasResolvesForChatRemote(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
-
-	var remoteModel string
-	rs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		var req api.ChatRequest
-		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		remoteModel = req.Model
-
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		resp := api.ChatResponse{
-			Model:      req.Model,
-			Done:       true,
-			DoneReason: "load",
-		}
-		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&resp); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	}))
-	defer rs.Close()
-
-	p, err := url.Parse(rs.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_REMOTES", p.Hostname())
-
-	s := Server{}
-	w := createRequest(t, s.CreateHandler, api.CreateRequest{
-		Model:      "target-model",
-		RemoteHost: rs.URL,
-		From:       "test",
-		Info: map[string]any{
-			"capabilities": []string{"completion"},
-		},
-		Stream: &stream,
-	})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	w = createRequest(t, s.CreateAliasHandler, aliasEntry{Alias: "alias-model", Target: "target-model"})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	w = createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
-		Model:    "alias-model",
-		Messages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hi"}},
-		Stream:   &stream,
-	})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	var resp api.ChatResponse
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&resp); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if resp.Model != "alias-model" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected response model to be alias-model, got %q", resp.Model)
-	}
-
-	if remoteModel != "test" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected remote model to be 'test', got %q", remoteModel)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrefixAliasBasicMatching(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	store, err := createStore(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "server.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Create a prefix alias: "myprefix-" -> "targetmodel"
-	targetName := model.ParseName("targetmodel")
-
-	// Set a prefix alias (using "myprefix-" as the pattern)
-	store.mu.Lock()
-	store.prefixEntries = append(store.prefixEntries, aliasEntry{
-		Alias:          "myprefix-",
-		Target:         "targetmodel",
-		PrefixMatching: true,
-	})
-	store.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Test that "myprefix-foo" resolves to "targetmodel"
-	testName := model.ParseName("myprefix-foo")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err := store.ResolveName(testName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved")
-	}
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != targetName.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q, got %q", targetName.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-
-	// Test that "otherprefix-foo" does not resolve
-	otherName := model.ParseName("otherprefix-foo")
-	_, wasResolved, err = store.ResolveName(otherName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name not to be resolved")
-	}
-
-	// Test that exact alias takes precedence
-	exactAlias := model.ParseName("myprefix-exact")
-	exactTarget := model.ParseName("exacttarget")
-	if err := store.Set(exactAlias, exactTarget, false); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	resolved, wasResolved, err = store.ResolveName(exactAlias)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved")
-	}
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != exactTarget.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q (exact match), got %q", exactTarget.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrefixAliasLongestMatchWins(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	store, err := createStore(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "server.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Add two prefix aliases with overlapping patterns
-	store.mu.Lock()
-	store.prefixEntries = []aliasEntry{
-		{Alias: "abc-", Target: "short-target", PrefixMatching: true},
-		{Alias: "abc-def-", Target: "long-target", PrefixMatching: true},
-	}
-	store.sortPrefixEntriesLocked()
-	store.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// "abc-def-ghi" should match the longer prefix "abc-def-"
-	testName := model.ParseName("abc-def-ghi")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err := store.ResolveName(testName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved")
-	}
-	expectedLongTarget := model.ParseName("long-target")
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != expectedLongTarget.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q (longest prefix match), got %q", expectedLongTarget.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-
-	// "abc-xyz" should match the shorter prefix "abc-"
-	testName2 := model.ParseName("abc-xyz")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err = store.ResolveName(testName2)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved")
-	}
-	expectedShortTarget := model.ParseName("short-target")
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != expectedShortTarget.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q, got %q", expectedShortTarget.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrefixAliasChain(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	store, err := createStore(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "server.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Create a chain: prefix "test-" -> "intermediate" -> "final"
-	intermediate := model.ParseName("intermediate")
-	final := model.ParseName("final")
-
-	// Add prefix alias
-	store.mu.Lock()
-	store.prefixEntries = []aliasEntry{
-		{Alias: "test-", Target: "intermediate", PrefixMatching: true},
-	}
-	store.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Add exact alias for the intermediate step
-	if err := store.Set(intermediate, final, false); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// "test-foo" should resolve through the chain to "final"
-	testName := model.ParseName("test-foo")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err := store.ResolveName(testName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved")
-	}
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != final.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q, got %q", final.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrefixAliasCRUD(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
-
-	s := Server{}
-
-	// Create a prefix alias via API
-	w := createRequest(t, s.CreateAliasHandler, aliasEntry{
-		Alias:          "myprefix-",
-		Target:         "llama2",
-		PrefixMatching: true,
-	})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d: %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	var createResp aliasEntry
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&createResp); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if !createResp.PrefixMatching {
-		t.Fatal("expected prefix_matching to be true in response")
-	}
-
-	// List aliases and verify the prefix alias is included
-	w = createRequest(t, s.ListAliasesHandler, nil)
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	var listResp aliasListResponse
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&listResp); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	found := false
-	for _, a := range listResp.Aliases {
-		if a.PrefixMatching && a.Target == "llama2" {
-			found = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if !found {
-		t.Fatal("expected to find prefix alias in list")
-	}
-
-	// Delete the prefix alias
-	w = createRequest(t, s.DeleteAliasHandler, aliasDeleteRequest{Alias: "myprefix-"})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d: %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	// Verify it's deleted
-	w = createRequest(t, s.ListAliasesHandler, nil)
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&listResp); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	for _, a := range listResp.Aliases {
-		if a.PrefixMatching {
-			t.Fatal("expected prefix alias to be deleted")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrefixAliasCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	store, err := createStore(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "server.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Add a prefix alias with mixed case
-	store.mu.Lock()
-	store.prefixEntries = []aliasEntry{
-		{Alias: "MyPrefix-", Target: "targetmodel", PrefixMatching: true},
-	}
-	store.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Test that matching is case-insensitive
-	testName := model.ParseName("myprefix-foo")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err := store.ResolveName(testName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved (case-insensitive)")
-	}
-	expectedTarget := model.ParseName("targetmodel")
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != expectedTarget.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q, got %q", expectedTarget.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-
-	// Test uppercase request
-	testName2 := model.ParseName("MYPREFIX-BAR")
-	_, wasResolved, err = store.ResolveName(testName2)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected name to be resolved (uppercase)")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrefixAliasLocalModelPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
-
-	s := Server{}
-
-	// Create a local model that would match a prefix alias
-	w := createRequest(t, s.CreateHandler, api.CreateRequest{
-		Model:      "myprefix-localmodel",
-		RemoteHost: "example.com",
-		From:       "test",
-		Info: map[string]any{
-			"capabilities": []string{"completion"},
-		},
-		Stream: &stream,
-	})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d: %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	// Create a prefix alias that would match the local model name
-	w = createRequest(t, s.CreateAliasHandler, aliasEntry{
-		Alias:          "myprefix-",
-		Target:         "someothermodel",
-		PrefixMatching: true,
-	})
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d: %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	// Verify that resolving "myprefix-localmodel" returns the local model, not the alias target
-	store, err := s.aliasStore()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	localModelName := model.ParseName("myprefix-localmodel")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err := store.ResolveName(localModelName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if wasResolved {
-		t.Fatalf("expected local model to take precedence (wasResolved should be false), but got resolved to %q", resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != localModelName.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be local model %q, got %q", localModelName.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-
-	// Also verify that a non-local model matching the prefix DOES resolve to the alias target
-	nonLocalName := model.ParseName("myprefix-nonexistent")
-	resolved, wasResolved, err = store.ResolveName(nonLocalName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !wasResolved {
-		t.Fatal("expected non-local model to resolve via prefix alias")
-	}
-	expectedTarget := model.ParseName("someothermodel")
-	if resolved.DisplayShortest() != expectedTarget.DisplayShortest() {
-		t.Fatalf("expected resolved name to be %q, got %q", expectedTarget.DisplayShortest(), resolved.DisplayShortest())
-	}
-}

server/sched.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/mlxrunner"
 )
 
 type LlmRequest struct {
@@ -417,9 +417,9 @@ func (s *Scheduler) load(req *LlmRequest, f *ggml.GGML, systemInfo ml.SystemInfo
 		numParallel = 1
 	}
 
-	// Some architectures are not safe with num_parallel > 1.
+	// `mllama`, `qwen3vl`, and `qwen3vlmoe` are snowflakes and uses an encoder cache which cannot be used with num_parallel > 1
 	// ref: https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/4165
-	if slices.Contains([]string{"mllama", "qwen3vl", "qwen3vlmoe", "qwen3next", "lfm2", "lfm2moe"}, req.model.Config.ModelFamily) && numParallel != 1 {
+	if slices.Contains([]string{"mllama", "qwen3vl", "qwen3vlmoe"}, req.model.Config.ModelFamily) && numParallel != 1 {
 		numParallel = 1
 		slog.Warn("model architecture does not currently support parallel requests", "architecture", req.model.Config.ModelFamily)
 	}
@@ -567,16 +567,16 @@ iGPUScan:
 // This supports both LLM (completion) and image generation models.
 func (s *Scheduler) loadMLX(req *LlmRequest) bool {
 	// Determine mode based on capabilities
-	var mode imagegen.ModelMode
+	var mode mlxrunner.ModelMode
 	if slices.Contains(req.model.Config.Capabilities, "image") {
-		mode = imagegen.ModeImageGen
+		mode = mlxrunner.ModeImageGen
 	} else {
-		mode = imagegen.ModeLLM
+		mode = mlxrunner.ModeLLM
 	}
 
 	// Use model name for MLX (it resolves manifests by name, not file path)
 	modelName := req.model.ShortName
-	server, err := imagegen.NewServer(modelName, mode)
+	server, err := mlxrunner.NewServer(modelName, mode)
 	if err != nil {
 		req.errCh <- err
 		return true

x/imagegen/manifest.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package manifest
+package imagegen
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"

x/imagegen/manifest_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package manifest
+package imagegen
 
 import (
 	"path/filepath"

x/imagegen/memory.go

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
 )
 
 // SupportedBackends lists the backends that support image generation.
@@ -43,8 +41,8 @@ func CheckPlatformSupport() error {
 // ResolveModelName checks if a model name is a known image generation model.
 // Returns the normalized model name if found, empty string otherwise.
 func ResolveModelName(modelName string) string {
-	modelManifest, err := manifest.LoadManifest(modelName)
-	if err == nil && modelManifest.HasTensorLayers() {
+	manifest, err := LoadManifest(modelName)
+	if err == nil && manifest.HasTensorLayers() {
 		return modelName
 	}
 	return ""
@@ -54,12 +52,12 @@ func ResolveModelName(modelName string) string {
 // Checks both "architecture" (Ollama format) and "_class_name" (diffusers format).
 // Returns empty string if detection fails.
 func DetectModelType(modelName string) string {
-	modelManifest, err := manifest.LoadManifest(modelName)
+	manifest, err := LoadManifest(modelName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	data, err := modelManifest.ReadConfig("model_index.json")
+	data, err := manifest.ReadConfig("model_index.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}

x/imagegen/models/flux2/flux2.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/models/qwen3"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/tokenizer"
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (m *Model) Load(modelName string) error {
 	m.ModelName = modelName
 
 	// Load manifest
-	manifest, err := manifest.LoadManifest(modelName)
+	manifest, err := imagegen.LoadManifest(modelName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("load manifest: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/models/flux2/transformer.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/safetensors"
@@ -14,19 +14,19 @@ import (
 
 // TransformerConfig holds Flux2 transformer configuration
 type TransformerConfig struct {
-	AttentionHeadDim         int32   `json:"attention_head_dim"`         // 128
-	AxesDimsRoPE             []int32 `json:"axes_dims_rope"`             // [32, 32, 32, 32]
-	Eps                      float32 `json:"eps"`                        // 1e-6
-	GuidanceEmbeds           bool    `json:"guidance_embeds"`            // false for Klein
-	InChannels               int32   `json:"in_channels"`                // 128
-	JointAttentionDim        int32   `json:"joint_attention_dim"`        // 7680
-	MLPRatio                 float32 `json:"mlp_ratio"`                  // 3.0
-	NumAttentionHeads        int32   `json:"num_attention_heads"`        // 24
-	NumLayers                int32   `json:"num_layers"`                 // 5
-	NumSingleLayers          int32   `json:"num_single_layers"`          // 20
-	PatchSize                int32   `json:"patch_size"`                 // 1
-	RopeTheta                int32   `json:"rope_theta"`                 // 2000
-	TimestepGuidanceChannels int32   `json:"timestep_guidance_channels"` // 256
+	AttentionHeadDim         int32   `json:"attention_head_dim"`          // 128
+	AxesDimsRoPE             []int32 `json:"axes_dims_rope"`              // [32, 32, 32, 32]
+	Eps                      float32 `json:"eps"`                         // 1e-6
+	GuidanceEmbeds           bool    `json:"guidance_embeds"`             // false for Klein
+	InChannels               int32   `json:"in_channels"`                 // 128
+	JointAttentionDim        int32   `json:"joint_attention_dim"`         // 7680
+	MLPRatio                 float32 `json:"mlp_ratio"`                   // 3.0
+	NumAttentionHeads        int32   `json:"num_attention_heads"`         // 24
+	NumLayers                int32   `json:"num_layers"`                  // 5
+	NumSingleLayers          int32   `json:"num_single_layers"`           // 20
+	PatchSize                int32   `json:"patch_size"`                  // 1
+	RopeTheta                int32   `json:"rope_theta"`                  // 2000
+	TimestepGuidanceChannels int32   `json:"timestep_guidance_channels"`  // 256
 }
 
 // Computed dimensions
@@ -392,12 +392,12 @@ type Flux2Transformer2DModel struct {
 }
 
 // Load loads the Flux2 transformer from ollama blob storage.
-func (m *Flux2Transformer2DModel) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) error {
+func (m *Flux2Transformer2DModel) Load(manifest *imagegen.ModelManifest) error {
 	fmt.Print("  Loading transformer... ")
 
 	// Load config from blob
 	var cfg TransformerConfig
-	if err := modelManifest.ReadConfigJSON("transformer/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := manifest.ReadConfigJSON("transformer/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("config: %w", err)
 	}
 	m.TransformerConfig = &cfg
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ func (m *Flux2Transformer2DModel) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) er
 	}
 
 	// Load weights from tensor blobs
-	weights, err := manifest.LoadWeightsFromManifest(modelManifest, "transformer")
+	weights, err := imagegen.LoadWeightsFromManifest(manifest, "transformer")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("weights: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/models/flux2/vae.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/safetensors"
@@ -15,21 +15,21 @@ import (
 
 // VAEConfig holds AutoencoderKLFlux2 configuration
 type VAEConfig struct {
-	ActFn             string  `json:"act_fn"`                  // "silu"
-	BatchNormEps      float32 `json:"batch_norm_eps"`          // 0.0001
-	BatchNormMomentum float32 `json:"batch_norm_momentum"`     // 0.1
-	BlockOutChannels  []int32 `json:"block_out_channels"`      // [128, 256, 512, 512]
-	ForceUpcast       bool    `json:"force_upcast"`            // true
-	InChannels        int32   `json:"in_channels"`             // 3
-	LatentChannels    int32   `json:"latent_channels"`         // 32
-	LayersPerBlock    int32   `json:"layers_per_block"`        // 2
+	ActFn             string  `json:"act_fn"`              // "silu"
+	BatchNormEps      float32 `json:"batch_norm_eps"`      // 0.0001
+	BatchNormMomentum float32 `json:"batch_norm_momentum"` // 0.1
+	BlockOutChannels  []int32 `json:"block_out_channels"`  // [128, 256, 512, 512]
+	ForceUpcast       bool    `json:"force_upcast"`        // true
+	InChannels        int32   `json:"in_channels"`         // 3
+	LatentChannels    int32   `json:"latent_channels"`     // 32
+	LayersPerBlock    int32   `json:"layers_per_block"`    // 2
 	MidBlockAddAttn   bool    `json:"mid_block_add_attention"` // true
-	NormNumGroups     int32   `json:"norm_num_groups"`         // 32
-	OutChannels       int32   `json:"out_channels"`            // 3
-	PatchSize         []int32 `json:"patch_size"`              // [2, 2]
-	SampleSize        int32   `json:"sample_size"`             // 1024
-	UsePostQuantConv  bool    `json:"use_post_quant_conv"`     // true
-	UseQuantConv      bool    `json:"use_quant_conv"`          // true
+	NormNumGroups     int32   `json:"norm_num_groups"`     // 32
+	OutChannels       int32   `json:"out_channels"`        // 3
+	PatchSize         []int32 `json:"patch_size"`          // [2, 2]
+	SampleSize        int32   `json:"sample_size"`         // 1024
+	UsePostQuantConv  bool    `json:"use_post_quant_conv"` // true
+	UseQuantConv      bool    `json:"use_quant_conv"`      // true
 }
 
 // BatchNorm2D implements 2D batch normalization with running statistics
@@ -356,18 +356,18 @@ func (db *DownEncoderBlock2D) Forward(x *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 }
 
 // Load loads the Flux2 VAE from ollama blob storage.
-func (m *AutoencoderKLFlux2) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) error {
+func (m *AutoencoderKLFlux2) Load(manifest *imagegen.ModelManifest) error {
 	fmt.Print("  Loading VAE... ")
 
 	// Load config from blob
 	var cfg VAEConfig
-	if err := modelManifest.ReadConfigJSON("vae/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := manifest.ReadConfigJSON("vae/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("config: %w", err)
 	}
 	m.Config = &cfg
 
 	// Load weights from tensor blobs
-	weights, err := manifest.LoadWeightsFromManifest(modelManifest, "vae")
+	weights, err := imagegen.LoadWeightsFromManifest(manifest, "vae")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("weights: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/models/glm4_moe_lite/glm4_moe_lite.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/cache"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/safetensors"
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	AttentionBias         bool    `json:"attention_bias"`
 
 	// MLA (Multi-head Latent Attention) parameters
-	QLoraRank     int32 `json:"q_lora_rank"`
-	KVLoraRank    int32 `json:"kv_lora_rank"`
-	QKRopeHeadDim int32 `json:"qk_rope_head_dim"`
-	QKNopeHeadDim int32 `json:"qk_nope_head_dim"`
-	VHeadDim      int32 `json:"v_head_dim"`
+	QLoraRank      int32 `json:"q_lora_rank"`
+	KVLoraRank     int32 `json:"kv_lora_rank"`
+	QKRopeHeadDim  int32 `json:"qk_rope_head_dim"`
+	QKNopeHeadDim  int32 `json:"qk_nope_head_dim"`
+	VHeadDim       int32 `json:"v_head_dim"`
 
 	// MoE parameters
 	NRoutedExperts      int32   `json:"n_routed_experts"`
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ type MLAAttention struct {
 	// Absorbed MLA projections (derived from kv_b_proj)
 	// EmbedQ: projects q_nope to latent space [num_heads, kv_lora_rank, qk_nope_head_dim]
 	// UnembedOut: projects attention output from latent space [num_heads, v_head_dim, kv_lora_rank]
-	EmbedQ     *nn.MultiLinear `weight:"-"`
+	EmbedQ    *nn.MultiLinear `weight:"-"`
 	UnembedOut *nn.MultiLinear `weight:"-"`
 
 	// Output projection
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ func (m *DenseMLP) Forward(x *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 
 // MoEGate implements the expert gating mechanism
 type MoEGate struct {
-	Gate                 nn.LinearLayer `weight:"mlp.gate"`
-	EScoreCorrectionBias *mlx.Array     `weight:"mlp.gate.e_score_correction_bias,optional"`
+	Gate                   nn.LinearLayer `weight:"mlp.gate"`
+	EScoreCorrectionBias   *mlx.Array     `weight:"mlp.gate.e_score_correction_bias,optional"`
 }
 
 // Forward computes expert selection indices and scores
@@ -617,9 +617,9 @@ func sanitizeExpertWeights(weights safetensors.WeightSource, prefix string, numE
 }
 
 // LoadFromManifest loads a GLM4-MoE-Lite model from a manifest (Ollama blob storage).
-func LoadFromManifest(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) (*Model, error) {
+func LoadFromManifest(manifest *imagegen.ModelManifest) (*Model, error) {
 	// Read config from manifest
-	configData, err := modelManifest.ReadConfig("config.json")
+	configData, err := manifest.ReadConfig("config.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ func LoadFromManifest(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) (*Model, error) {
 	cfg.Scale = computeScale(&cfg)
 
 	// Load weights from manifest blobs
-	weights, err := manifest.LoadWeightsFromManifest(modelManifest, "")
+	weights, err := imagegen.LoadWeightsFromManifest(manifest, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load weights: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ func LoadFromManifest(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) (*Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Load tokenizer from manifest with config files for EOS token detection
-	tokData, err := modelManifest.ReadConfig("tokenizer.json")
+	tokData, err := manifest.ReadConfig("tokenizer.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load tokenizer config: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -664,12 +664,12 @@ func LoadFromManifest(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) (*Model, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Try to load generation_config.json if available (preferred source for EOS)
-	if genConfigData, err := modelManifest.ReadConfig("generation_config.json"); err == nil {
+	if genConfigData, err := manifest.ReadConfig("generation_config.json"); err == nil {
 		tokConfig.GenerationConfigJSON = genConfigData
 	}
 
 	// Try to load tokenizer_config.json if available
-	if tokConfigData, err := modelManifest.ReadConfig("tokenizer_config.json"); err == nil {
+	if tokConfigData, err := manifest.ReadConfig("tokenizer_config.json"); err == nil {
 		tokConfig.TokenizerConfigJSON = tokConfigData
 	}
 

x/imagegen/models/qwen3/text_encoder.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/safetensors"
@@ -181,19 +181,19 @@ type TextEncoder struct {
 }
 
 // Load loads the Qwen3 text encoder from ollama blob storage.
-func (m *TextEncoder) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest, configPath string) error {
+func (m *TextEncoder) Load(manifest *imagegen.ModelManifest, configPath string) error {
 	fmt.Print("  Loading text encoder... ")
 
 	// Load config from blob
 	var cfg Config
-	if err := modelManifest.ReadConfigJSON(configPath, &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := manifest.ReadConfigJSON(configPath, &cfg); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("config: %w", err)
 	}
 	m.Config = &cfg
 	m.Layers = make([]*Block, cfg.NumHiddenLayers)
 
 	// Load weights from tensor blobs
-	weights, err := manifest.LoadWeightsFromManifest(modelManifest, "text_encoder")
+	weights, err := imagegen.LoadWeightsFromManifest(manifest, "text_encoder")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("weights: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/models/zimage/transformer.go

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/cache"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/nn"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/safetensors"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ type TransformerConfig struct {
 type TimestepEmbedder struct {
 	Linear1       nn.LinearLayer `weight:"mlp.0"`
 	Linear2       nn.LinearLayer `weight:"mlp.2"`
-	FreqEmbedSize int32          // 256 (computed)
+	FreqEmbedSize int32      // 256 (computed)
 }
 
 // Forward computes timestep embeddings -> [B, 256]
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ func (xe *XEmbedder) Forward(x *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 
 // CapEmbedder projects caption features to model dimension
 type CapEmbedder struct {
-	Norm     *nn.RMSNorm    `weight:"0"`
-	Linear   nn.LinearLayer `weight:"1"`
-	PadToken *mlx.Array     // loaded separately at root level
+	Norm     *nn.RMSNorm `weight:"0"`
+	Linear   nn.LinearLayer  `weight:"1"`
+	PadToken *mlx.Array  // loaded separately at root level
 }
 
 // Forward projects caption embeddings: [B, L, cap_feat_dim] -> [B, L, dim]
@@ -103,9 +103,10 @@ type FeedForward struct {
 	W1     nn.LinearLayer `weight:"w1"` // gate projection
 	W2     nn.LinearLayer `weight:"w2"` // down projection
 	W3     nn.LinearLayer `weight:"w3"` // up projection
-	OutDim int32          // computed from W2
+	OutDim int32      // computed from W2
 }
 
+
 // Forward applies SwiGLU: silu(W1(x)) * W3(x), then W2
 func (ff *FeedForward) Forward(x *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 	shape := x.Shape()
@@ -131,11 +132,11 @@ type Attention struct {
 	ToK   nn.LinearLayer `weight:"to_k"`
 	ToV   nn.LinearLayer `weight:"to_v"`
 	ToOut nn.LinearLayer `weight:"to_out.0"`
-	NormQ *mlx.Array     `weight:"norm_q.weight"` // [head_dim] for per-head RMSNorm
-	NormK *mlx.Array     `weight:"norm_k.weight"`
+	NormQ *mlx.Array `weight:"norm_q.weight"` // [head_dim] for per-head RMSNorm
+	NormK *mlx.Array `weight:"norm_k.weight"`
 	// Fused QKV (computed at init time for efficiency, not loaded from weights)
 	ToQKV nn.LinearLayer `weight:"-"` // Fused Q+K+V projection (created by FuseQKV)
-	Fused bool           `weight:"-"` // Whether to use fused QKV path
+	Fused bool       `weight:"-"` // Whether to use fused QKV path
 	// Computed fields (not loaded from weights)
 	NHeads  int32   `weight:"-"`
 	HeadDim int32   `weight:"-"`
@@ -287,13 +288,13 @@ func applyRoPE3D(x *mlx.Array, cos, sin *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 
 // TransformerBlock is a single transformer block with optional AdaLN modulation
 type TransformerBlock struct {
-	Attention      *Attention     `weight:"attention"`
-	FeedForward    *FeedForward   `weight:"feed_forward"`
-	AttentionNorm1 *nn.RMSNorm    `weight:"attention_norm1"`
-	AttentionNorm2 *nn.RMSNorm    `weight:"attention_norm2"`
-	FFNNorm1       *nn.RMSNorm    `weight:"ffn_norm1"`
-	FFNNorm2       *nn.RMSNorm    `weight:"ffn_norm2"`
-	AdaLN          nn.LinearLayer `weight:"adaLN_modulation.0,optional"` // only if modulation
+	Attention      *Attention   `weight:"attention"`
+	FeedForward    *FeedForward `weight:"feed_forward"`
+	AttentionNorm1 *nn.RMSNorm  `weight:"attention_norm1"`
+	AttentionNorm2 *nn.RMSNorm  `weight:"attention_norm2"`
+	FFNNorm1       *nn.RMSNorm  `weight:"ffn_norm1"`
+	FFNNorm2       *nn.RMSNorm  `weight:"ffn_norm2"`
+	AdaLN          nn.LinearLayer   `weight:"adaLN_modulation.0,optional"` // only if modulation
 	// Computed fields
 	HasModulation bool
 	Dim           int32
@@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ func (tb *TransformerBlock) Forward(x *mlx.Array, adaln *mlx.Array, cos, sin *ml
 type FinalLayer struct {
 	AdaLN  nn.LinearLayer `weight:"adaLN_modulation.1"` // [256] -> [dim]
 	Output nn.LinearLayer `weight:"linear"`             // [dim] -> [out_channels]
-	OutDim int32          // computed from Output
+	OutDim int32      // computed from Output
 }
 
 // Forward computes final output
@@ -400,12 +401,12 @@ type Transformer struct {
 }
 
 // Load loads the Z-Image transformer from ollama blob storage.
-func (m *Transformer) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) error {
+func (m *Transformer) Load(manifest *imagegen.ModelManifest) error {
 	fmt.Print("  Loading transformer... ")
 
 	// Load config from blob
 	var cfg TransformerConfig
-	if err := modelManifest.ReadConfigJSON("transformer/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := manifest.ReadConfigJSON("transformer/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("config: %w", err)
 	}
 	if len(cfg.AllPatchSize) > 0 {
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ func (m *Transformer) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) error {
 	m.ContextRefiners = make([]*TransformerBlock, cfg.NRefinerLayers)
 	m.Layers = make([]*TransformerBlock, cfg.NLayers)
 
-	weights, err := manifest.LoadWeightsFromManifest(modelManifest, "transformer")
+	weights, err := imagegen.LoadWeightsFromManifest(manifest, "transformer")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("weights: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/models/zimage/vae.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/safetensors"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/vae"
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ func (ub *UpDecoderBlock2D) Forward(x *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 	if ub.Upsample != nil {
 		// Stage 1: Upsample2x (nearest neighbor)
 		{
-			prev := x
+					prev := x
 			x = Upsample2x(x)
 			prev.Free()
 			mlx.Eval(x)
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ func (ub *UpDecoderBlock2D) Forward(x *mlx.Array) *mlx.Array {
 
 		// Stage 2: Upsample conv
 		{
-			prev := x
+					prev := x
 			x = ub.Upsample.Forward(x)
 			prev.Free()
 			mlx.Eval(x)
@@ -643,16 +643,16 @@ type VAEDecoder struct {
 }
 
 // Load loads the VAE decoder from ollama blob storage.
-func (m *VAEDecoder) Load(modelManifest *manifest.ModelManifest) error {
+func (m *VAEDecoder) Load(manifest *imagegen.ModelManifest) error {
 	// Load config from blob
 	var cfg VAEConfig
-	if err := modelManifest.ReadConfigJSON("vae/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err := manifest.ReadConfigJSON("vae/config.json", &cfg); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("config: %w", err)
 	}
 	m.Config = &cfg
 
 	// Load weights from tensor blobs
-	weights, err := manifest.LoadWeightsFromManifest(modelManifest, "vae")
+	weights, err := imagegen.LoadWeightsFromManifest(manifest, "vae")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("weights: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/models/zimage/zimage.go

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/cache"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/manifest"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/mlx"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/tokenizer"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen/vae"
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ import (
 // GenerateConfig holds all options for image generation.
 type GenerateConfig struct {
 	Prompt         string
-	NegativePrompt string                     // Empty = no CFG
-	CFGScale       float32                    // Only used if NegativePrompt is set (default: 4.0)
-	Width          int32                      // Image width (default: 1024)
-	Height         int32                      // Image height (default: 1024)
-	Steps          int                        // Denoising steps (default: 9 for turbo)
-	Seed           int64                      // Random seed
+	NegativePrompt string                // Empty = no CFG
+	CFGScale       float32               // Only used if NegativePrompt is set (default: 4.0)
+	Width          int32                 // Image width (default: 1024)
+	Height         int32                 // Image height (default: 1024)
+	Steps          int                   // Denoising steps (default: 9 for turbo)
+	Seed           int64                 // Random seed
 	Progress       func(step, totalSteps int) // Optional progress callback
-	CapturePath    string                     // GPU capture path (debug)
+	CapturePath    string                // GPU capture path (debug)
 
 	// TeaCache options (timestep embedding aware caching)
 	TeaCache          bool    // TeaCache is always enabled for faster inference
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (m *Model) Load(modelName string) error {
 	m.ModelName = modelName
 
 	// Load manifest
-	manifest, err := manifest.LoadManifest(modelName)
+	manifest, err := imagegen.LoadManifest(modelName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("load manifest: %w", err)
 	}

x/imagegen/weights.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build mlx
 
-package manifest
+package imagegen
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import (
 type ManifestWeights struct {
 	manifest    *ModelManifest
 	component   string
-	tensors     map[string]ManifestLayer // name -> layer
-	cache       map[string]*mlx.Array    // name -> loaded array
-	nativeCache []*mlx.SafetensorsFile   // keep native handles alive
+	tensors     map[string]ManifestLayer      // name -> layer
+	cache       map[string]*mlx.Array         // name -> loaded array
+	nativeCache []*mlx.SafetensorsFile        // keep native handles alive
 }
 
 // LoadWeightsFromManifest creates a weight loader from manifest storage.

x/kvcache/cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package kvcache
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/model/input"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrKvCacheFull  = errors.New("could not find a kv cache slot")
+	ErrNotSupported = errors.New("model does not support operation")
+)
+
+type Cache interface {
+	// ** used by model implementations **
+
+	// SetLayer sets the active layer of the cache
+	SetLayer(layer int)
+
+	// Get returns the history of key and value tensors plus a mask
+	//
+	// The shape of the tensors is documented in the specific
+	// cache implementation used.
+	Get(ctx ml.Context) (ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor)
+
+	// Put stores a batch of key and value in the cache
+	//
+	// The shape of the tensors is documented in the specific
+	// cache implementation used.
+	Put(ctx ml.Context, key, value ml.Tensor)
+
+	// SetConfig controls optimizations (mostly backend-specific) that may transform
+	// the output of the cache to work better with specific kernels. If not called,
+	// the backend settings will be used. This works well when calling Attention.
+	//
+	// The config can be overridden by models, especially if they require vanilla
+	// output when implementing their own version of attention. To do this, pass
+	// an empty ml.CacheConfig.
+	//
+	// Most models will not need to use this.
+	SetConfig(ml.CacheConfig)
+
+	// ** cache management **
+
+	// Init sets up runtime parameters.
+	// backend: Used to allocate cache data storage and execute management operations (such as defrag)
+	// dtype: The data type for storing cache entries
+	// maxSequences: The maximum number of sequences stored in the cache - across all batches
+	// capacity: The number of cache entries to store, per sequence
+	// maxBatch: The maximum number of tokens that can occur in a single batch
+	Init(backend ml.Backend, dtype ml.DType, maxSequences, capacity, maxBatch int)
+
+	// Close closes the cache and frees resources associated with it
+	Close()
+
+	// StartForward is called before the start of the model's forward pass.
+	// For each token in the coming batch, there must be a corresponding
+	// entry in positions and seqs. reserve is to preallocate memory
+	// without actually storing data in the cache.
+	StartForward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch, reserve bool) error
+
+	// CopyPrefix copies tokens in the range [0, len) from srcSeq to dstSeq
+	CopyPrefix(srcSeq, dstSeq int, len int32)
+
+	// CanResume returns true if the cache can continue with the next token at
+	// the given position and sequence. Assumes that the caller has already
+	// verified the contents of the cache.
+	CanResume(seq int, pos int32) bool
+
+	// Remove deletes tokens in the range [beginIndex, endIndex) from seq. Set
+	// endIndex to math.MaxInt32 to remove everything starting at beginIndex.
+	//
+	// If an error occurs, the entire context for the sequence should be
+	// removed by calling Remove(seq, 0, math.MaxInt32)
+	Remove(seq int, beginIndex, endIndex int32) error
+}

x/kvcache/causal.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build mlx
+
+package kvcache
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/model/input"
+)
+
+// Causal cache stores K and V tensors according to their position in the
+// sequence. Returns the history and a mask for attending to past tokens
+type Causal struct {
+	DType ml.DType
+
+	// locations for data storage for this batch
+	curLocPut ml.Tensor
+
+	// locations for data storage for this batch
+	curLocGet ml.Tensor
+
+	// the active layer for Get and Put
+	curLayer int
+
+	capacity int
+
+	offset int
+
+	backend      ml.Backend
+	ctxs         map[int]ml.Context
+	keys, values map[int]ml.Tensor
+
+	// TODO is this needed per layer, or will it always be consistent?
+	kHeadDims, vHeadDims, numKVHeads map[int]int
+}
+
+func NewCausalCache() *Causal {
+	return &Causal{
+		ctxs:       make(map[int]ml.Context),
+		keys:       make(map[int]ml.Tensor),
+		values:     make(map[int]ml.Tensor),
+		kHeadDims:  make(map[int]int),
+		vHeadDims:  make(map[int]int),
+		numKVHeads: make(map[int]int),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) Init(backend ml.Backend, dtype ml.DType, maxSequences, capacity, maxBatch int) {
+	c.DType = dtype
+	c.capacity = capacity
+	c.backend = backend
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) SetConfig(config ml.CacheConfig) {}
+
+func (c *Causal) SetLayer(layer int) {
+	c.curLayer = layer
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) Close() {
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Close called", "number of contexts", len(c.ctxs))
+	for _, ctx := range c.ctxs {
+		ctx.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) StartForward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch, reserve bool) error {
+	locsPut := make([]int32, len(batch.Positions))
+	for i := c.offset; i < len(batch.Positions); i++ {
+		locsPut[i-c.offset] = int32(i)
+	}
+	c.offset += len(batch.Positions)
+	locsGet := make([]int32, c.offset)
+	for i := range c.offset {
+		locsGet[i] = int32(i)
+	}
+	c.curLocGet = ctx.Input().FromInts(locsGet, len(locsGet))
+	c.curLocPut = ctx.Input().FromInts(locsPut, len(locsPut))
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.StartForward", "offset", c.offset, "put", locsPut, "get", locsGet)
+
+	return nil
+}
+func (c *Causal) Put(ctx ml.Context, key, value ml.Tensor) {
+	kHeadDim := key.Dim(3)
+	vHeadDim := value.Dim(3)
+	numKVHeads := key.Dim(1)
+	batchSize := key.Dim(2)
+	kCellSize := kHeadDim * numKVHeads
+	vCellSize := vHeadDim * numKVHeads
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Put", "kHeadDim", kHeadDim, "vHeadDim", vHeadDim, "numKVHeads", numKVHeads, "batchSize", batchSize, "kCellSize", kCellSize, "vCellSize", vCellSize)
+
+	if _, ok := c.ctxs[c.curLayer]; !ok {
+		// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Put creating new context", "c.curLayer", c.curLayer)
+		c.ctxs[c.curLayer] = c.backend.NewContext().Layer(c.curLayer)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := c.keys[c.curLayer]; !ok {
+		// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Put allocating keys and values", "c.curLayer", c.curLayer, "shape", []int{c.capacity, kCellSize})
+		c.keys[c.curLayer] = c.ctxs[c.curLayer].Zeros(c.DType, c.capacity, kCellSize)
+		c.values[c.curLayer] = c.ctxs[c.curLayer].Zeros(c.DType, c.capacity, vCellSize)
+		c.kHeadDims[c.curLayer] = kHeadDim
+		c.vHeadDims[c.curLayer] = vHeadDim
+		c.numKVHeads[c.curLayer] = numKVHeads
+	}
+	key = key.Reshape(ctx, batchSize, 1, kCellSize)
+
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Put ", "c.keys[c.curLayer]", c.keys[c.curLayer])
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Put ", "c.curLocPut", c.curLocPut)
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Put ", "key", key)
+	ctx.Forward(c.keys[c.curLayer].Scatter(ctx, []ml.Tensor{c.curLocPut}, key, []int{0}))
+	value = value.Reshape(ctx, batchSize, 1, vCellSize)
+	ctx.Forward(c.values[c.curLayer].Scatter(ctx, []ml.Tensor{c.curLocPut}, value, []int{0}))
+
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) Get(ctx ml.Context) (ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor) {
+	key := c.keys[c.curLayer]
+	value := c.values[c.curLayer]
+
+	kHeadDim := c.kHeadDims[c.curLayer]
+	vHeadDim := c.vHeadDims[c.curLayer]
+	numKVHeads := c.numKVHeads[c.curLayer]
+	// rowSize := numKVHeads * c.curBatchSize
+	// cachedSize := c.curMask.Dim(1)
+	cachedSize := c.curLocGet.Dim(0)
+	// kCellSize := kHeadDim * numKVHeads
+	// vCellSize := vHeadDim * numKVHeads
+	// slog.Info("XXX Causal.Get", "shape", []int{1, numKVHeads, cachedSize, kHeadDim})
+
+	key = key.TakeAxes(ctx, c.curLocGet, 0).Reshape(ctx, 1, numKVHeads, cachedSize, kHeadDim)
+	value = value.TakeAxes(ctx, c.curLocGet, 0).Reshape(ctx, 1, numKVHeads, cachedSize, vHeadDim)
+	return key, value, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) CopyPrefix(srcSeq, dstSeq int, len int32) {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) CanResume(seq int, pos int32) bool {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (c *Causal) Remove(seq int, beginIndex, endIndex int32) error {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}

x/kvcache/encoder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package kvcache
+
+// import (
+// 	"fmt"
+
+// 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+// 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
+// )
+
+// // Encoder cache stores K and V tensors that are position independent
+// //
+// // The tensors can be of any shape and will be returned as they were stored
+// // The mask is currently always nil
+// //
+// // Not currently safe for multiple sequences
+// type EncoderCache struct {
+// 	// config controls mostly backend-specific optimizations
+// 	config *ml.CacheConfig
+
+// 	// ** current forward pass **
+
+// 	// the active layer for Get and Put
+// 	curLayer int
+
+// 	// if something is stored during this pass, this
+// 	// will be the position (but there is no guarantee
+// 	// anything will be stored)
+// 	curPos int32
+
+// 	// curReserve indicates that this forward pass is only for
+// 	// memory reservation and we should not update our metadata
+// 	// based on it.
+// 	curReserve bool
+
+// 	// ** cache metadata **
+
+// 	// was something stored in the cache?
+// 	encoderCached bool
+
+// 	// position of the cached data
+// 	encoderPos int32
+
+// 	// ** cache data storage **
+// 	backend      ml.Backend
+// 	ctxs         map[int]ml.Context
+// 	keys, values map[int]ml.Tensor
+// }
+
+// func NewEncoderCache() *EncoderCache {
+// 	return &EncoderCache{
+// 		ctxs:   make(map[int]ml.Context),
+// 		keys:   make(map[int]ml.Tensor),
+// 		values: make(map[int]ml.Tensor),
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) Init(backend ml.Backend, dtype ml.DType, maxSequences, capacity, maxBatch int) {
+// 	if c.config == nil {
+// 		var config ml.CacheConfig
+// 		if cc, ok := backend.(ml.BackendCacheConfig); ok {
+// 			config = cc.CacheConfig()
+// 		}
+// 		c.config = &config
+// 	}
+
+// 	if maxSequences > 1 {
+// 		panic(fmt.Errorf("encoder cache does not support multiple sequences; requested: %v", maxSequences))
+// 	}
+
+// 	if c.config.CachePadding != 0 && c.config.CachePadding != 1 {
+// 		panic(fmt.Errorf("encoder cache is unable to enforce requested CachePadding (%v)", c.config.CachePadding))
+// 	}
+
+// 	c.backend = backend
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) SetConfig(config ml.CacheConfig) {
+// 	if c.config != nil {
+// 		panic("config cannot be changed after being previously set, either by the model or backend")
+// 	}
+
+// 	c.config = &config
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) Close() {
+// 	for _, ctx := range c.ctxs {
+// 		ctx.Close()
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) StartForward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch, reserve bool) error {
+// 	// We work with the most recent image
+// 	if len(batch.Multimodal) > 0 {
+// 		c.curPos = batch.Positions[batch.Multimodal[len(batch.Multimodal)-1].Index]
+// 	}
+
+// 	c.curReserve = reserve
+
+// 	return nil
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) SetLayer(layer int) {
+// 	c.curLayer = layer
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) EncoderCached() bool {
+// 	return c.encoderCached
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) Get(ctx ml.Context) (ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor) {
+// 	return c.keys[c.curLayer], c.values[c.curLayer], nil
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) Put(ctx ml.Context, key, value ml.Tensor) {
+// 	if !c.curReserve {
+// 		c.encoderPos = c.curPos
+// 		c.encoderCached = true
+// 	}
+
+// 	if c.config.PermutedV {
+// 		value = value.Transpose(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3)
+// 	}
+
+// 	if _, ok := c.ctxs[c.curLayer]; !ok {
+// 		c.ctxs[c.curLayer] = c.backend.NewContext().Layer(c.curLayer)
+// 	}
+
+// 	if _, ok := c.keys[c.curLayer]; !ok {
+// 		c.keys[c.curLayer] = c.ctxs[c.curLayer].Empty(key.DType(), key.Shape()...)
+// 	}
+
+// 	if _, ok := c.values[c.curLayer]; !ok {
+// 		c.values[c.curLayer] = c.ctxs[c.curLayer].Empty(value.DType(), value.Shape()...)
+// 	}
+
+// 	ctx.Forward(
+// 		key.Copy(ctx, c.keys[c.curLayer]),
+// 		value.Copy(ctx, c.values[c.curLayer]),
+// 	)
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) CopyPrefix(srcSeq, dstSeq int, len int32) {
+// 	panic("encoder cache does not support multiple sequences")
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) CanResume(seq int, pos int32) bool {
+// 	return true
+// }
+
+// func (c *EncoderCache) Remove(seq int, beginIndex, endIndex int32) error {
+// 	if c.encoderPos >= beginIndex && c.encoderPos < endIndex {
+// 		c.encoderCached = false
+// 	}
+
+// 	return nil
+// }

x/kvcache/wrapper.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package kvcache
+
+// import (
+// 	"math"
+
+// 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+// 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
+// )
+
+// // Wrapper cache is a container for multiple types of caches,
+// // such as for the encoding and decoding portions of a model.
+// type WrapperCache struct {
+// 	// caches we are wrapping
+// 	caches []Cache
+
+// 	// cache to be used for this layer
+// 	curType int
+// }
+
+// func NewWrapperCache(caches ...Cache) *WrapperCache {
+// 	return &WrapperCache{
+// 		caches: caches,
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) Init(backend ml.Backend, dtype ml.DType, maxSequences, capacity, maxBatch int) {
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		cache.Init(backend, dtype, maxSequences, capacity, maxBatch)
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) SetConfig(config ml.CacheConfig) {
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		cache.SetConfig(config)
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) Close() {
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		cache.Close()
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) StartForward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch, reserve bool) error {
+// 	for i, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		err := cache.StartForward(ctx, batch, reserve)
+// 		if err != nil {
+// 			// unwind on error - Remove with endIndex set to math.MaxInt32 does not fail
+// 			for j := i - 1; j >= 0; j-- {
+// 				for k := range batch.Positions {
+// 					_ = c.caches[j].Remove(batch.Sequences[k], batch.Positions[k], math.MaxInt32)
+// 				}
+// 			}
+// 			return err
+// 		}
+// 	}
+
+// 	c.curType = 0
+// 	return nil
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) SetLayer(layer int) {
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		cache.SetLayer(layer)
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) SetLayerType(layerType int) {
+// 	c.curType = layerType
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) UnderlyingCache() Cache {
+// 	return c.caches[c.curType]
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) Get(ctx ml.Context) (ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor) {
+// 	return c.caches[c.curType].Get(ctx)
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) Put(ctx ml.Context, key, value ml.Tensor) {
+// 	c.caches[c.curType].Put(ctx, key, value)
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) CopyPrefix(srcSeq, dstSeq int, len int32) {
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		cache.CopyPrefix(srcSeq, dstSeq, len)
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) CanResume(seq int, pos int32) bool {
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		if !cache.CanResume(seq, pos) {
+// 			return false
+// 		}
+// 	}
+
+// 	return true
+// }
+
+// func (c *WrapperCache) Remove(seq int, beginIndex, endIndex int32) error {
+// 	// If the one of these fails, the caller is supposed to retry with endIndex set to math.MaxInt32, which should not fail
+// 	for _, cache := range c.caches {
+// 		err := cache.Remove(seq, beginIndex, endIndex)
+// 		if err != nil {
+// 			return err
+// 		}
+// 	}
+
+// 	return nil
+// }

x/ml/backend.go

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+package ml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs"
+)
+
+type Backend interface {
+	// Close frees all memory associated with this backend
+	// Close()
+
+	// Load(ctx context.Context, progress func(float32)) error
+
+	// BackendMemory returns the memory allocations that were made for this model
+	// BackendMemory() BackendMemory
+
+	Config() fs.Config
+	Get(name string) Tensor
+	NewContext() Context
+	// NewContextSize(size int) Context
+
+	// Enumerate the devices available for inference via this backend
+	// BackendDevices() []DeviceInfo
+}
+
+// BackendCacheConfig should be implemented by backends that need special output
+// from the cache to meet specific requirements. It is frequently implemented in
+// conjunction with ScaledDotProductAttention.
+type BackendCacheConfig interface {
+	CacheConfig() CacheConfig
+}
+
+// CacheConfig controls optimizations (mostly backend-specific) that may transform
+// the output the cache to work better with specific kernels.
+type CacheConfig struct {
+	// CachePadding specifies the multiple for the number of tokens of cache history
+	// that will be returned from cache Get for k, v and mask. The capacity of the
+	// cache itself will also be increased to a multiple of this size if needed.
+	CachePadding int
+
+	// PermutedV performs Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3) on v tensors stored via Put
+	// and return the permuted version via Get. This uses the cache copy operation
+	// to avoid a Contiguous call on the permuted tensor.
+	PermutedV bool
+
+	// MaskDType specifies the data type for generating the mask. If unset it will
+	// default to DTypeF32.
+	MaskDType DType
+
+	// MaskBatchPadding specifies the multiple for the batch size dimension in the mask.
+	// Any position that does not correspond to an actual token will be filled with -Inf.
+	MaskBatchPadding int
+}
+
+// BackendParams controls how the backend loads and executes models
+type BackendParams struct {
+	// AllocMemory causes the backend to allocate memory for the model. If
+	// false, this is only being used for discovering the required amount of
+	// memory and cannot load the model for running.
+	AllocMemory bool
+
+	// NumThreads sets the number of threads to use if running on the CPU
+	NumThreads int
+
+	// GPULayers is the set of layers to offload to GPUs
+	GPULayers GPULayersList
+
+	// FlashAttention indicates that we should use a fused flash attention kernel
+	FlashAttention bool
+}
+
+var backends = make(map[string]func(string, BackendParams) (Backend, error))
+
+func RegisterBackend(name string, f func(string, BackendParams) (Backend, error)) {
+	if _, ok := backends[name]; ok {
+		panic("backend: backend already registered")
+	}
+
+	backends[name] = f
+}
+
+func NewBackend(modelPath string, params BackendParams) (Backend, error) {
+	be := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_BACKEND")
+	if be == "" {
+		be = "mlx"
+		slog.Info("Defaulting to " + be + ". Set OLLAMA_BACKEND to override")
+	}
+	slog.Info("Loading new engine", "backend", be)
+	if backend, ok := backends[be]; ok {
+		return backend(modelPath, params)
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported backend")
+}
+
+type Context interface {
+	Empty(dtype DType, shape ...int) Tensor
+	Zeros(dtype DType, shape ...int) Tensor
+	// FromBytes(dtype DType, s []byte, shape ...int) Tensor
+	FromFloats(s []float32, shape ...int) Tensor
+	FromInts(s []int32, shape ...int) Tensor
+	RandomNormal(shape []int, dtype DType, loc, scale float32, key Tensor) Tensor
+
+	// Arange creates a 1D tensor with values within an interval (start, stop] increased by step.
+	Arange(start, stop, step float32, dtype DType) Tensor
+
+	Forward(...Tensor) Context
+
+	// SetBatchSize provides a hint on the batch size to optimize processing
+	// Uses heuristics if not set
+	// SetBatchSize(int)
+
+	Compute(...Tensor)
+	// ComputeWithNotify(func(), ...Tensor) // notify callback once compute has begun
+
+	// Reserve is analogous to Compute but rather than executing a
+	// graph, simply preallocates memory. Typically called with a
+	// worst case graph to ensure all resources are available for
+	// for future inference.
+	// Reserve()
+
+	// MaxGraphNodes() int
+	Close()
+
+	// Input returns a context appropriate for creating tensors that are
+	// inputs to the model (which includes things like output locations)
+	Input() Context
+
+	// Layer returns a context appropriate for creating intermediate tensors
+	Layer(int) Context
+
+	// Load a tensor from "filename" safetensors file, and compare with the input tensor
+	// Returns error if the shape is inconsistent, or similarity measures are below 99%
+	CompareWith(filename string, tensors map[string]Tensor, abortOnError bool) error
+}
+
+type RoPEOptions struct {
+	Base  *float32
+	Freqs Tensor
+}
+
+func WithRoPEBase(base float32) func(*RoPEOptions) {
+	return func(opts *RoPEOptions) {
+		opts.Base = &base
+	}
+}
+
+func WithRoPEFreqs(freqs Tensor) func(*RoPEOptions) {
+	return func(opts *RoPEOptions) {
+		opts.Freqs = freqs
+	}
+}
+
+type Tensor interface {
+	ToString() string
+	RoPE(ctx Context, dims int, traditional bool, scale float32, offset int, options ...func(*RoPEOptions)) Tensor
+	ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx Context, keys, values Tensor, scale float64, maskMode string, mask Tensor, sinks Tensor) Tensor
+	TakeAxes(ctx Context, indicies Tensor, axes int) Tensor
+	// TakeAxes(ctx Context, axes int, indicies ...int) Tensor
+
+	Dim(n int) int
+	Stride(n int) int
+
+	Shape() []int
+	DType() DType
+	// Cast(ctx Context, dtype DType) Tensor
+
+	// Bytes() []byte
+	Floats() []float32
+	Ints() []int32
+
+	// FromBytes([]byte)
+	// FromFloats([]float32)
+	// FromInts([]int32)
+
+	Add(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	Sub(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	// Mul(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	// Div(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+
+	Max(ctx Context, axes []int, keepDims bool) Tensor
+	Min(ctx Context, axes []int, keepDims bool) Tensor
+
+	Matmul(ctx Context, a2 Tensor) Tensor
+	// Mulmat(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	// MulmatFullPrec(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	// MulmatID(ctx Context, t2, ids Tensor) Tensor
+	// AddID(ctx Context, t2, ids Tensor) Tensor
+
+	Softmax(ctx Context) Tensor
+	L2Norm(ctx Context, eps float32) Tensor
+	LayerNorm(ctx Context, weight, bias Tensor, eps float32) Tensor
+	RMSNorm(ctx Context, weight Tensor, eps float32) Tensor
+	Scale(ctx Context, s float64) Tensor
+	// SumRows(ctx Context) Tensor
+
+	AvgPool2D(ctx Context, k, s int, p float32) Tensor
+	Conv2D(ctx Context, weight Tensor, stride0, stride1, padding0, padding1, dilation0, dilation1, groups int) Tensor
+	Conv3D(ctx Context, weight Tensor, stride0, stride1, stride2, padding0, padding1, padding2, dilation0, dilation1, dilation2, groups int) Tensor
+
+	// IM2Col(ctx Context, weight Tensor, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1 int) Tensor
+
+	// Sin(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Cos(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Tanh(ctx Context) Tensor
+	GELU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
+	// QuickGELU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
+	// SILU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
+	// RELU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
+	// Sigmoid(ctx Context) Tensor
+
+	// AlphaLimitSILU is a variant of SILU that clamps the input to the range [-limit, limit]
+	// SILUAlphaLimit(ctx Context, up Tensor, alpha, limit float32) Tensor
+
+	Reshape(ctx Context, shape ...int) Tensor
+	AsStrided(ctx Context, shape, strides []int, offset int) Tensor
+	Transpose(ctx Context, shape ...int) Tensor
+	Contiguous(ctx Context, allowColMajor bool) Tensor
+
+	// Pad(ctx Context, shape ...int) Tensor
+
+	// Stack(ctx Context, dim int, s ...Tensor) Tensor
+
+	// Repeat repeats the tensor n times along dimension dim
+	// Repeat(ctx Context, dim, n int) Tensor
+	// Concat(ctx Context, t2 Tensor, dim int) Tensor
+	// Rows(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+
+	// TODO these probably aren't actually needed - false starts on trying to wire up cache
+	// SliceUpdate(ctx Context, update Tensor, start, stop, strides []int) Tensor
+	// SliceUpdateDynamic(ctx Context, update, start Tensor, axes []int) Tensor
+	// PutAlongAxis(ctx Context, indicies, values Tensor, axis int) Tensor
+
+	Scatter(ctx Context, indicies []Tensor, updates Tensor, axes []int) Tensor
+
+	Copy(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	// Duplicate(ctx Context) Tensor
+
+	// Slice(ctx Context, dim, low, high, step int) Tensor
+	// Chunk(ctx Context, dim int, size int) []Tensor
+	// ChunkSections(ctx Context, dim int, sections ...int) []Tensor
+
+	// TopK(ctx Context, k int) Tensor
+	// Argsort(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Mean(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Variance(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Stddev(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Sqr(ctx Context) Tensor
+	// Sqrt(ctx Context) Tensor
+
+	// Interpolate(ctx Context, dims [4]int, samplingMode SamplingMode) Tensor
+}
+
+// ScaledDotProductAttention implements a fused attention
+// operation equivalent to following code on a tensor named
+// query:
+//
+// query = query.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+// key = key.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+// value = value.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+//
+// kq := key.MulmatFullPrec(ctx, query)
+//
+// kq = kq.Scale(ctx, scale)
+//
+//	if mask != nil {
+//		kq = kq.Add(ctx, mask)
+//	}
+//
+// kq = kq.Softmax(ctx)
+//
+// kqv := value.Mulmat(ctx, kq)
+// return kqv.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+// type ScaledDotProductAttention interface {
+// 	ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx Context, key, value, mask, sinks Tensor, vmla Tensor, scale float64) Tensor
+// }
+
+// type number interface {
+// 	~int | ~int8 | ~int16 | ~int32 | ~int64 |
+// 		~uint | ~uint8 | ~uint16 | ~uint32 | ~uint64 |
+// 		~float32 | ~float64 |
+// 		~complex64 | ~complex128
+// }
+
+// func mul[T number](s ...T) T {
+// 	p := T(1)
+// 	for _, v := range s {
+// 		p *= v
+// 	}
+
+// 	return p
+// }
+
+// type DumpOptions func(*dumpOptions)
+
+// // DumpWithPrecision sets the number of decimal places to print. Applies to float32 and float64.
+// func DumpWithPrecision(n int) DumpOptions {
+// 	return func(opts *dumpOptions) {
+// 		opts.Precision = n
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// // DumpWithThreshold sets the threshold for printing the entire tensor. If the number of elements
+// // is less than or equal to this value, the entire tensor will be printed. Otherwise, only the
+// // beginning and end of each dimension will be printed.
+// func DumpWithThreshold(n int) DumpOptions {
+// 	return func(opts *dumpOptions) {
+// 		opts.Threshold = n
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// // DumpWithEdgeItems sets the number of elements to print at the beginning and end of each dimension.
+// func DumpWithEdgeItems(n int) DumpOptions {
+// 	return func(opts *dumpOptions) {
+// 		opts.EdgeItems = n
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// type dumpOptions struct {
+// 	Precision, Threshold, EdgeItems int
+// }
+
+// func Dump(ctx Context, t Tensor, optsFuncs ...DumpOptions) string {
+// 	opts := dumpOptions{Precision: 4, Threshold: 1000, EdgeItems: 3}
+// 	for _, optsFunc := range optsFuncs {
+// 		optsFunc(&opts)
+// 	}
+
+// 	if mul(t.Shape()...) <= opts.Threshold {
+// 		opts.EdgeItems = math.MaxInt
+// 	}
+
+// 	switch t.DType() {
+// 	case DTypeFloat32:
+// 		return dump[[]float32](ctx, t, opts.EdgeItems, func(f float32) string {
+// 			return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(f), 'f', opts.Precision, 32)
+// 		})
+// 	case DTypeFloat16: // TODO other types...
+// 		f32 := ctx.Input().Empty(DTypeFloat32, t.Shape()...)
+// 		f32 = t.Copy(ctx, f32)
+// 		return dump[[]float32](ctx, f32, opts.EdgeItems, func(f float32) string {
+// 			return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(f), 'f', opts.Precision, 32)
+// 		})
+// 	case DTypeInt32:
+// 		return dump[[]int32](ctx, t, opts.EdgeItems, func(i int32) string {
+// 			return strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10)
+// 		})
+// 	default:
+// 		return "<unsupported>"
+// 	}
+// }
+
+// func dump[S ~[]E, E number](ctx Context, t Tensor, items int, fn func(E) string) string {
+// 	if t.Bytes() == nil {
+// 		ctx.Compute(t)
+// 	}
+
+// 	s := make(S, mul(t.Shape()...))
+// 	if err := binary.Read(bytes.NewBuffer(t.Bytes()), binary.LittleEndian, &s); err != nil {
+// 		panic(err)
+// 	}
+
+// 	shape := t.Shape()
+// 	slices.Reverse(shape)
+
+// 	var sb strings.Builder
+// 	var f func([]int, int)
+// 	f = func(dims []int, stride int) {
+// 		prefix := strings.Repeat(" ", len(shape)-len(dims)+1)
+// 		sb.WriteString("[")
+// 		defer func() { sb.WriteString("]") }()
+// 		for i := 0; i < dims[0]; i++ {
+// 			if i >= items && i < dims[0]-items {
+// 				sb.WriteString("..., ")
+// 				// skip to next printable element
+// 				skip := dims[0] - 2*items
+// 				if len(dims) > 1 {
+// 					stride += mul(append(dims[1:], skip)...)
+// 					fmt.Fprint(&sb, strings.Repeat("\n", len(dims)-1), prefix)
+// 				}
+// 				i += skip - 1
+// 			} else if len(dims) > 1 {
+// 				f(dims[1:], stride)
+// 				stride += mul(dims[1:]...)
+// 				if i < dims[0]-1 {
+// 					fmt.Fprint(&sb, ",", strings.Repeat("\n", len(dims)-1), prefix)
+// 				}
+// 			} else {
+// 				text := fn(s[stride+i])
+// 				if len(text) > 0 && text[0] != '-' {
+// 					sb.WriteString(" ")
+// 				}
+
+// 				sb.WriteString(text)
+// 				if i < dims[0]-1 {
+// 					sb.WriteString(", ")
+// 				}
+// 			}
+// 		}
+// 	}
+// 	f(shape, 0)
+
+// 	return sb.String()
+// }
+
+type DType int
+
+const (
+	DTypeBool DType = iota
+	DTypeUint8
+	DTypeUint16
+	DTypeUint32
+	DTypeUint64
+	DTypeInt8
+	DTypeInt16
+	DTypeInt32
+	DTypeInt64
+	DTypeFloat16
+	DTypeFloat32
+	DTypeFloat64
+	DTypeBfloat16
+	DTypeComplex64
+)
+
+type SamplingMode int
+
+const (
+	SamplingModeNearest SamplingMode = iota
+	SamplingModeBilinear
+)

x/ml/backend/backend.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package backend
+
+// _ "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/ml/backend/mlx"

x/ml/backend/mlx/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+include(FetchContent)
+
+# Read MLX version from top-level file (shared with Dockerfile)
+file(READ "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/MLX_VERSION" MLX_C_GIT_TAG)
+string(STRIP "${MLX_C_GIT_TAG}" MLX_C_GIT_TAG)
+
+set(MLX_C_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF)
+
+set(MLX_BUILD_GGUF OFF)
+set(MLX_BUILD_SAFETENSORS ON)
+
+function(set_target_output_directory _target)
+    if(TARGET ${_target})
+        set_target_properties(${_target} PROPERTIES
+            RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR}
+            LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR}
+            ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR}
+        )
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
+# Check for Metal support (macOS only)
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Darwin")
+    execute_process(
+      COMMAND
+        zsh "-c"
+        "echo \"__METAL_VERSION__\" | xcrun -sdk macosx metal ${XCRUN_FLAGS} -E -x metal -P - | tail -1 | tr -d '\n'"
+      OUTPUT_VARIABLE MLX_METAL_VERSION COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY)
+
+    if(NOT MLX_METAL_VERSION)
+        message(STATUS "`xcrun metal` error. Setting MLX_BUILD_METAL=OFF")
+        set(MLX_BUILD_METAL OFF)
+    endif()
+else()
+    # On Linux, disable Metal backend
+    message(STATUS "Non-macOS platform detected. Setting MLX_BUILD_METAL=OFF")
+    set(MLX_BUILD_METAL OFF)
+endif()
+
+# Map CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES to MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES if not explicitly set
+if(NOT MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES AND CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+    set(MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES ${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES})
+    message(STATUS "Using CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES for MLX: ${MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES}")
+endif()
+
+# Enable CUDA backend if CUDA architectures are specified and CUDA compiler is available
+if(MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES AND CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER)
+    set(MLX_BUILD_CUDA ON CACHE BOOL "Build CUDA backend for MLX" FORCE)
+    message(STATUS "Enabling MLX CUDA backend with architectures: ${MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES}")
+elseif(MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+    message(WARNING "MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES specified but CUDA compiler not found, CUDA backend will be disabled")
+endif()
+
+FetchContent_Declare(
+  mlx-c
+  GIT_REPOSITORY "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-c.git"
+  GIT_TAG ${MLX_C_GIT_TAG})
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(mlx-c)
+
+set_target_output_directory(mlx)
+set_target_output_directory(mlxc)

x/ml/backend/mlx/mlx_dynamic.c

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// mlx_dynamic.c - Dynamic loading wrapper for MLX-C library
+// This file provides runtime dynamic loading of libmlxc instead of link-time binding
+
+#include "mlx_dynamic.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+typedef HMODULE lib_handle_t;
+#define LOAD_LIB(path) LoadLibraryA(path)
+#define GET_SYMBOL(handle, name) GetProcAddress(handle, name)
+#define CLOSE_LIB(handle) FreeLibrary(handle)
+#define LIB_ERROR() "LoadLibrary failed"
+static const char* LIB_NAMES[] = {"libmlxc.dll", NULL};
+#else
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+typedef void* lib_handle_t;
+#define LOAD_LIB(path) dlopen(path, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_GLOBAL)
+#define GET_SYMBOL(handle, name) dlsym(handle, name)
+#define CLOSE_LIB(handle) dlclose(handle)
+#define LIB_ERROR() dlerror()
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+static const char* LIB_NAMES[] = {
+    "libmlxc.dylib",
+    "@loader_path/../build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.dylib",
+    "@executable_path/../build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.dylib",
+    "build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.dylib",
+    "../build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.dylib",
+    NULL
+};
+#else
+static const char* LIB_NAMES[] = {
+    "libmlxc.so",
+    "$ORIGIN/../build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.so",
+    "build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.so",
+    "../build/lib/ollama/libmlxc.so",
+    NULL
+};
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static lib_handle_t mlx_handle = NULL;
+static int mlx_initialized = 0;
+static char mlx_error_buffer[512] = {0};
+
+// Initialize MLX dynamic library
+// Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure
+// On failure, call mlx_dynamic_error() to get error message
+int mlx_dynamic_init(void) {
+    if (mlx_initialized) {
+        return 0;  // Already initialized
+    }
+
+    // Try each possible library path
+    for (int i = 0; LIB_NAMES[i] != NULL; i++) {
+        mlx_handle = LOAD_LIB(LIB_NAMES[i]);
+        if (mlx_handle != NULL) {
+            mlx_initialized = 1;
+            snprintf(mlx_error_buffer, sizeof(mlx_error_buffer),
+                     "MLX: Successfully loaded %s", LIB_NAMES[i]);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Failed to load library
+    const char* err = LIB_ERROR();
+    snprintf(mlx_error_buffer, sizeof(mlx_error_buffer),
+             "MLX: Failed to load libmlxc library. %s",
+             err ? err : "Unknown error");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// Get the last error message
+const char* mlx_dynamic_error(void) {
+    return mlx_error_buffer;
+}
+
+// Check if MLX is initialized
+int mlx_dynamic_is_initialized(void) {
+    return mlx_initialized;
+}
+
+// Cleanup (optional, called at program exit)
+void mlx_dynamic_cleanup(void) {
+    if (mlx_handle != NULL) {
+        CLOSE_LIB(mlx_handle);
+        mlx_handle = NULL;
+        mlx_initialized = 0;
+    }
+}

x/ml/backend/mlx/mlx_dynamic.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// mlx_dynamic.h - Dynamic loading interface for MLX-C library
+#ifndef MLX_DYNAMIC_H
+#define MLX_DYNAMIC_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Initialize the MLX dynamic library
+// Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure
+int mlx_dynamic_init(void);
+
+// Get the last error message from dynamic loading
+const char* mlx_dynamic_error(void);
+
+// Check if MLX is initialized
+int mlx_dynamic_is_initialized(void);
+
+// Cleanup resources (optional, for clean shutdown)
+void mlx_dynamic_cleanup(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // MLX_DYNAMIC_H

x/ml/backend/mlx/mlx_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+//go:build mlx
+
+package mlx
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/runner/common"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/sample"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/model"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/model/input"
+	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/model/models/gemma3"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug}))
+	slog.SetDefault(logger)
+}
+
+func TestLoadModel(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := "/Users/daniel/Models/gemma-3-4b-it/"
+	b := &Backend{}
+	err := b.LoadSafeTensors(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load failed: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromInts(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	data := []int32{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
+	a := c.FromInts(data, 2, 3)
+	slog.Info("", "array", a)
+	t.Log(a.ToString())
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Shape(), []int{2, 3}) {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect shape: %v", a.Shape())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromFloats(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	data := []float32{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
+	a := c.FromFloats(data, 2, 3)
+	slog.Info("", "array", a)
+	t.Log(a.ToString())
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Shape(), []int{2, 3}) {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect shape: %v", a.Shape())
+	}
+	res := a.Floats()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(res, data) {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect results: %v", res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	t1 := c.Arange(0, 24, 1, ml.DTypeFloat16)
+	t2 := c.Arange(0, 24, 1, ml.DTypeFloat16)
+	exp := c.Arange(0, 48, 2, ml.DTypeFloat16)
+	t3 := t1.Add(c, t2)
+	c.Compute(t3, exp)
+	t3f := t3.Floats()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(t3f, exp.Floats()) {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect result: %v", t3f)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReshapeTranspose(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	t1 := c.Arange(0, 24, 1, ml.DTypeFloat16).Reshape(c, 2, 3, 4).Transpose(c, 0, 2, 1).Contiguous(c, false)
+	c.Compute(t1)
+	t1f := t1.Floats()
+	exp := []float32{
+		0, 4, 8,
+		1, 5, 9,
+		2, 6, 10,
+		3, 7, 11,
+		12, 16, 20,
+		13, 17, 21,
+		14, 18, 22,
+		15, 19, 23,
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(t1f, exp) {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect results: %v", t1f)
+	}
+}
+
+func prod(vals ...int) int {
+	r := 1
+	for _, v := range vals {
+		r *= v
+	}
+	return r
+}
+func TestMatmul(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO create scenarios...
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	s1 := []int{1, 3, 2, 4}
+	t1 := c.Arange(0, float32(prod(s1...)), 1, ml.DTypeFloat16).Reshape(c, s1...)
+	s2 := []int{4, 2}
+	t2 := c.Arange(0, float32(prod(s2...)), 1, ml.DTypeFloat16).Reshape(c, s2...)
+	t3 := t1.Matmul(c, t2)
+	exp := []float32{
+		28, 34,
+		76, 98,
+
+		124, 162,
+		172, 226,
+
+		220, 290,
+		268, 354,
+	}
+	c.Compute(t3)
+	t3f := t3.Floats()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(t3f, exp) {
+		t.Fatalf("incorrect result: %v", t3f)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRows(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	t1 := c.Arange(0, 12, 1, ml.DTypeFloat32).Reshape(c, 1, 4, 3)
+	outputs := c.Zeros(ml.DTypeInt32, 1)
+	t2 := t1.TakeAxes(c, outputs, 1)
+	c.Forward(t1, t2).Compute(t1, t2)
+	t.Log(t1.ToString())
+	t.Log(t2.ToString())
+	f := t2.Floats()
+	t.Logf("Result: %v", f)
+}
+
+func TestCaching(t *testing.T) {
+	// Validate the caching algorithm
+	b := &Backend{}
+	c := b.NewContext()
+	defer c.Close()
+	batchSize := 3
+	headDim := 4
+	numKVHeads := 2
+	// Make cache twice the size of one test batch
+	cells := batchSize * 2
+	cellSize := numKVHeads * headDim
+	shape := []int{1, numKVHeads, batchSize, headDim}
+	stop := float32(1)
+	for _, x := range shape {
+		stop *= float32(x)
+	}
+	// Create the cache
+	cache := c.Zeros(ml.DTypeFloat16, cells, cellSize)
+	t.Logf("Empty Cache shape%v\n"+cache.ToString(), []int{cells, cellSize})
+
+	// Input tensor
+	t1 := c.Arange(0, stop, 1, ml.DTypeFloat16).Reshape(c, shape...)
+	t.Logf("Initial Data shape%v\n"+t1.ToString(), shape)
+
+	// Reshape to copy into the cache
+	/*
+		From MLX python/src/indexing.cpp mlx_scatter_args_array
+		// The update shape must broadcast with indices.shape + [1] + src.shape[1:]
+		auto up_shape = indices.shape();
+		up_shape.insert(up_shape.end(), src.shape().begin() + 1, src.shape().end());
+		up = broadcast_to(up, up_shape);
+		up_shape.insert(up_shape.begin() + indices.ndim(), 1);
+		up = reshape(up, up_shape);
+	*/
+	numRows := 3
+	up := t1.Reshape(c, numRows, 1, cellSize) // The shape has to look like this for scatter to work properly
+	t.Logf("Data reshaped for cache input shape%v\n"+up.ToString(), []int{batchSize, numKVHeads * headDim})
+
+	// Simulate cells 1,3,5 are available
+	indicies := []ml.Tensor{c.FromInts([]int32{1, 3, 5}, numRows)}
+	t.Logf("Indicies shape%v\n"+indicies[0].ToString(), []int{numRows})
+	axis := []int{0} // The 1,3,5 of the indicies are in reference to axis 0 in the cache shape
+	cache.Scatter(c, indicies, up, axis)
+
+	c.Forward(cache)
+	// Cache should contain the data now
+	t.Log("Cache after put\n" + cache.ToString())
+
+	// Retrieve cache content and verify it matches
+	out := cache.TakeAxes(c, indicies[0], 0).Reshape(c, shape...)
+	t.Logf("Output shape%v\n"+out.ToString(), out.Shape())
+
+	t1f := t1.Floats()
+	outf := out.Floats()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(t1f, outf) {
+		t.Fatalf("mismatched in->out\n%v\n ->\n%v", t1f, outf)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGemma3(t *testing.T) {
+	// Why is the sky blue
+	inputs := []int32{2, 105, 2364, 107, 36425, 563, 506, 7217, 3730, 106, 107, 105, 4368}
+	limit := 50
+
+	// TODO generalize this
+	dir := "/Users/daniel/Models/gemma-3-4b-it/"
+
+	m, err := model.New(dir, ml.BackendParams{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to load model: %s", err)
+	}
+	b := m.Backend()
+	ctx := b.NewContext()
+	defer ctx.Close()
+
+	batch := input.Batch{
+		Inputs:    ctx.FromInts(inputs[:], 1, len(inputs)),
+		Positions: make([]int32, len(inputs)),
+		Sequences: make([]int, len(inputs)),
+		Outputs:   ctx.FromInts([]int32{int32(len(inputs) - 1)}, 1),
+		Offset:    0,
+	}
+	for i := range len(inputs) {
+		batch.Positions[i] = int32(i)
+	}
+	offset := len(inputs)
+
+	cache := m.Config().Cache
+	if cache != nil {
+		numSlots := 1
+		batchSize := 512
+		numCtx := 4096
+
+		// Note: this is inconsistent with mlx-py, but trying to be consistent with the GGML cache impl to get things working
+		// cache.SetConfig(ml.CacheConfig{CachePadding: 256, MaskDType: ml.DTypeBfloat16, MaskBatchPadding: 64})
+		cache.SetConfig(ml.CacheConfig{CachePadding: 0, MaskDType: ml.DTypeBfloat16, MaskBatchPadding: 0})
+
+		cache.Init(b, ml.DTypeBfloat16, numSlots, int(numCtx), batchSize)
+		err := cache.StartForward(ctx, batch, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed cache.StartForward: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+	opts := api.DefaultOptions()
+	var grammar *sample.GrammarSampler
+	sampler := sample.NewSampler(
+		opts.Temperature,
+		opts.TopK,
+		opts.TopP,
+		opts.MinP,
+		opts.Seed,
+		grammar,
+	)
+
+	t.Log("Starting Forward pass loop")
+	pendingResponses := []string{}
+	for {
+		out, err := m.Forward(ctx, batch)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed forward pass: %s", err)
+		}
+		ctx.Forward(out)
+		outputs := out.Floats()
+		t.Logf("finished forward pass!  length:%d", len(outputs))
+		// sample a token
+		logits := outputs
+		token, err := sampler.Sample(logits)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unable to sample token: %s", err)
+		}
+		t.Logf("Sampled token: %v", token)
+		if m.(model.TextProcessor).Is(token, model.SpecialEOS) {
+			t.Log("hit EOS")
+			break
+		}
+		piece, err := m.(model.TextProcessor).Decode([]int32{token})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unable to decode token: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		pendingResponses = append(pendingResponses, piece)
+		sequence := strings.Join(pendingResponses, "")
+		if ok, stop := common.FindStop(sequence, opts.Stop); ok {
+			t.Logf("hit stop token: %v", stop)
+			break
+		}
+		t.Logf("RESULTS: %s", sequence)
+		batch = input.Batch{
+			Inputs:    ctx.FromInts([]int32{token}, 1, 1),
+			Positions: make([]int32, 1),
+			Sequences: make([]int, 1),
+			Outputs:   ctx.FromInts([]int32{0}, 1),
+			Offset:    offset,
+		}
+		offset++
+		batch.Positions[0] = 0
+		err = cache.StartForward(ctx, batch, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed cache.StartForward: %s", err)
+		}
+		if offset > limit {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}

x/ml/backend/mlx/quant.go

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+//go:build mlx
+
+package mlx
+
+/*
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "mlx/c/array.h"
+#include "mlx/c/ops.h"
+
+// Derived from https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/blob/main/mlx/io/gguf_quants.cpp
+
+void unpack_32_4(uint8_t* data, int8_t* dst) {
+	memset(dst, 0, 16);
+	for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
+		uint8_t x = (data[j + 2] & 0x0F); // j+2 to skip scale bytes.
+		if (j % 2 != 0) {
+		x <<= 4;
+		}
+		dst[j / 2] += x;
+	}
+	// Last 16 weights are in the higher bits
+	for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
+		uint8_t x = (data[j + 2] >> 4);
+		if (j % 2 != 0) {
+		x <<= 4;
+		}
+		dst[8 + j / 2] += x;
+	}
+}
+
+// Extracts (weight, scales, biases) from Q4_0 tensors.
+// Data layout is: |16 bit scale|32 x 4bit weights|.
+void extract_q4_0_data(
+		uint8_t* data,
+		mlx_array* weights_arr,
+		mlx_array* scales_arr,
+		mlx_array* biases_arr) {
+	const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 18; // 2 bytes scale, 32x0.5 byte weights
+	uint8_t* weights = mlx_array_data_uint8(*weights_arr);
+	float16_t* scales = mlx_array_data_float16(*scales_arr);
+	float16_t* biases = mlx_array_data_float16(*biases_arr);
+	for (int64_t i = 0; i < mlx_array_size(*scales_arr); i++) {
+		scales[i] = *((float16_t*)data);
+		biases[i] = -8 * scales[i];
+		unpack_32_4(data, weights);
+		weights += 16;
+		data += bytes_per_block;
+	}
+}
+
+// Extracts (weight, scales, biases) from Q4_1 tensors.
+// Data layout is: |16 bit scale|16 bit bias|32 x 4bit weights|.
+void extract_q4_1_data(
+		uint8_t* data,
+		mlx_array* weights_arr,
+		mlx_array* scales_arr,
+		mlx_array* biases_arr) {
+	const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 20; // 2 bytes scale, 2 bytes bias, 32x0.5 byte weights
+	uint8_t* weights = mlx_array_data_uint8(*weights_arr);
+	float16_t* scales = mlx_array_data_float16(*scales_arr);
+	float16_t* biases = mlx_array_data_float16(*biases_arr);
+	for (int64_t i = 0; i < mlx_array_size(*scales_arr); i++) {
+		scales[i] = *((float16_t*)data);
+		biases[i] = *((float16_t*)(data) + 1);
+		unpack_32_4(data, weights);
+		weights += 16;
+		data += bytes_per_block;
+	}
+}
+
+// Extracts (weight, scales, biases) from Q8_0 tensors.
+// Data layout is: |16 bit scale|32 x 8bit weights|.
+void extract_q8_0_data(
+		uint8_t* data,
+		mlx_array* weights_arr,
+		mlx_array* scales_arr,
+		mlx_array* biases_arr) {
+	const uint64_t weights_per_block = 32;
+	const uint64_t bytes_per_block = 34; // 2 bytes scale, 32x1 byte weights
+	uint8_t* weights = mlx_array_data_uint8(*weights_arr);
+	float16_t* scales = mlx_array_data_float16(*scales_arr);
+	float16_t* biases = mlx_array_data_float16(*biases_arr);
+	for (int64_t i = 0; i < mlx_array_size(*scales_arr); i++) {
+		uint8_t* block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+		scales[i] = *((float16_t*)block_data);
+		biases[i] = -128 * scales[i];
+		for (int64_t j = 0; j < weights_per_block; ++j) {
+			uint8_t x = block_data[j + 2]; // j+2 to skip the scale bytes.
+			// Original data is in int8_t, so we add a bias of -128 and invert the
+			// first bit.
+			x ^= 1 << 7;
+			weights[i * weights_per_block + j] = x;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Drived from ggml-quants.c
+
+#define QK_K 256
+
+// 6-bit quantization
+// weight is represented as x = a * q
+// 16 blocks of 16 elements each
+// Effectively 6.5625 bits per weight
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t ql[QK_K/2];      // quants, lower 4 bits
+    uint8_t qh[QK_K/4];      // quants, upper 2 bits
+    int8_t  scales[QK_K/16]; // scales, quantized with 8 bits
+    uint16_t d;             // super-block scale
+} block_q6_K;
+
+void dequant_row_q6_K(const void * restrict vx, void * restrict vy, int k) {
+    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;
+	block_q6_K *x = (block_q6_K *)vx;
+	float16_t* y = (float16_t *)vy;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+		float16_t d = 0.0;
+		memcpy(&d, &x[i].d, sizeof(d));
+
+        const uint8_t * restrict ql = x[i].ql;
+        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
+        const int8_t  * restrict sc = x[i].scales;
+
+        for (int n = 0; n < QK_K; n += 128) {
+            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
+                int is = l/16;
+                const int8_t q1 = (int8_t)((ql[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                const int8_t q2 = (int8_t)((ql[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                const int8_t q3 = (int8_t)((ql[l +  0]  >> 4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                const int8_t q4 = (int8_t)((ql[l + 32]  >> 4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                y[l +  0] = d * sc[is + 0] * q1;
+                y[l + 32] = d * sc[is + 2] * q2;
+                y[l + 64] = d * sc[is + 4] * q3;
+                y[l + 96] = d * sc[is + 6] * q4;
+            }
+            y  += 128;
+            ql += 64;
+            qh += 32;
+            sc += 8;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define K_SCALE_SIZE 12
+#define GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U
+#define GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S
+
+// 4-bit quantization
+// 8 blocks of 32 elements each
+// weight is represented as x = a * q + b
+// Effectively 4.5 bits per weight
+typedef struct {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint16_t d;    // super-block scale for quantized scales
+            uint16_t dmin; // super-block scale for quantized mins
+        } GGML_COMMON_AGGR_S;
+        uint16_t dm;
+    } GGML_COMMON_AGGR_U;
+    uint8_t scales[K_SCALE_SIZE]; // scales and mins, quantized with 6 bits
+    uint8_t qs[QK_K/2];           // 4--bit quants
+} block_q4_K;
+
+static inline void get_scale_min_k4(int j, const uint8_t * restrict q, uint8_t * restrict d, uint8_t * restrict m) {
+    if (j < 4) {
+        *d = q[j] & 63; *m = q[j + 4] & 63;
+    } else {
+        *d = (q[j+4] & 0xF) | ((q[j-4] >> 6) << 4);
+        *m = (q[j+4] >>  4) | ((q[j-0] >> 6) << 4);
+    }
+}
+
+void dequant_row_q4_K(const void * restrict vx, void * restrict vy, int k) {
+	block_q4_K *x = (block_q4_K *)vx;
+	float16_t* y = (float16_t *)vy;
+    const int nb = k / QK_K;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        const uint8_t * q = x[i].qs;
+		float16_t d = 0.0;
+		memcpy(&d, &x[i].d, sizeof(d));
+		float16_t min = 0.0;
+		memcpy(&min, &x[i].dmin, sizeof(d));
+
+        int is = 0;
+        uint8_t sc, m;
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 64) {
+            get_scale_min_k4(is + 0, x[i].scales, &sc, &m);
+            const float16_t d1 = d * sc; const float16_t m1 = min * m;
+            get_scale_min_k4(is + 1, x[i].scales, &sc, &m);
+            const float16_t d2 = d * sc; const float16_t m2 = min * m;
+            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) *y++ = d1 * (q[l] & 0xF) - m1;
+            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) *y++ = d2 * (q[l]  >> 4) - m2;
+            q += 32; is += 2;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/x448/float16"
+)
+
+func gguf_load_quantized(data unsafe.Pointer, name string, final_shape []C.int, dtype uint32, stream C.mlx_stream) (r C.mlx_array, err error) {
+	shape := append([]C.int{}, final_shape...)
+	var weights_per_byte C.int
+	if dtype == 2 || dtype == 3 {
+		weights_per_byte = 2
+	} else if dtype == 8 {
+		weights_per_byte = 1
+	} else {
+		return r, fmt.Errorf("unsupported tensor type %d", dtype)
+	}
+
+	weights_per_block := C.int(32)
+	if shape[len(shape)-1]%weights_per_block != 0 {
+		return r, fmt.Errorf("[load_gguf] tensor has incompatible last dim shape: %d", shape[len(shape)-1])
+	}
+
+	weights_shape := append([]C.int{}, shape...)
+	weights_shape[len(weights_shape)-1] /= (weights_per_byte * 4)
+	w_nbytes := C.int(unsafe.Sizeof(uint32(0)))
+	for i := range weights_shape {
+		w_nbytes *= weights_shape[i]
+	}
+	w_data := make([]byte, w_nbytes)
+	cbytes := C.CBytes(w_data)
+	defer C.free(cbytes)
+	weights := C.mlx_array_new_data(
+		cbytes,
+		&weights_shape[0],
+		C.int(len(weights_shape)),
+		C.MLX_UINT32,
+	)
+
+	// For scales and bias
+	shape[len(shape)-1] = shape[len(shape)-1] / weights_per_block
+	sb_nbytes := C.int(unsafe.Sizeof(float16.Float16(0)))
+	for i := range shape {
+		sb_nbytes *= shape[i]
+	}
+
+	s_data := make([]byte, sb_nbytes)
+	cbytes = C.CBytes(s_data)
+	defer C.free(cbytes)
+	scales := C.mlx_array_new_data(
+		cbytes,
+		&shape[0],
+		C.int(len(shape)),
+		C.MLX_FLOAT16,
+	)
+	b_data := make([]byte, sb_nbytes)
+	cbytes = C.CBytes(b_data)
+	defer C.free(cbytes)
+	biases := C.mlx_array_new_data(
+		cbytes,
+		&shape[0],
+		C.int(len(shape)),
+		C.MLX_FLOAT16,
+	)
+	var bits C.int
+	switch dtype {
+	case 2:
+		C.extract_q4_0_data((*C.uint8_t)(data), &weights, &scales, &biases)
+		bits = 4
+	case 3:
+		C.extract_q4_1_data((*C.uint8_t)(data), &weights, &scales, &biases)
+		bits = 4
+	case 8:
+		C.extract_q8_0_data((*C.uint8_t)(data), &weights, &scales, &biases)
+		bits = 8
+	}
+	groupSize := C.mlx_optional_int{value: 32, has_value: true}
+	bitsOpt := C.mlx_optional_int{value: bits, has_value: true}
+	var dtypeOpt C.mlx_optional_dtype // has_value defaults to false
+	C.mlx_dequantize(
+		&r,
+		weights,
+		scales,
+		biases,
+		groupSize,
+		bitsOpt,
+		nil, // TODO mode
+		dtypeOpt,
+		stream,
+	)
+	C.mlx_array_free(weights)
+	C.mlx_array_free(scales)
+	C.mlx_array_free(biases)
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func load_k_quantized(data unsafe.Pointer, name string, shape []C.int, dtype uint32, stream C.mlx_stream) (r C.mlx_array, err error) {
+	size := 1
+	for _, d := range shape {
+		size *= int(d)
+	}
+	fdata := make([]float16.Float16, size)
+	switch dtype {
+	case 14:
+		C.dequant_row_q6_K(
+			data,
+			unsafe.Pointer(&fdata[0]),
+			C.int(size),
+		)
+
+	case 12:
+		C.dequant_row_q4_K(
+			data,
+			unsafe.Pointer(&fdata[0]),
+			C.int(size),
+		)
+	default:
+		return r, fmt.Errorf("unsupported K quant")
+	}
+
+	r = C.mlx_array_new_data(
+		unsafe.Pointer(&fdata[0]),
+		&shape[0],
+		C.int(len(shape)),
+		C.MLX_FLOAT16,
+	)
+	return r, nil
+}

x/ml/device.go

@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+package ml
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/maphash"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
+)
+
+// GPULayers is a set of layers to be allocated on a single GPU
+type GPULayers struct {
+	DeviceID
+
+	// Layers is a set of layer indicies to load
+	Layers []int
+}
+
+// FirstLayer returns the smallest layer index scheduled on this GPU, or MaxInt when empty.
+func (g GPULayers) FirstLayer() int {
+	if len(g.Layers) == 0 {
+		return math.MaxInt
+	}
+
+	first := g.Layers[0]
+	for i := 1; i < len(g.Layers); i++ {
+		if g.Layers[i] < first {
+			first = g.Layers[i]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return first
+}
+
+func (g GPULayers) String() string {
+	if len(g.Layers) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	slices.Sort(g.Layers)
+
+	contiguous := true
+	base := g.Layers[0]
+	for i := range g.Layers {
+		if g.Layers[i] != base+i {
+			contiguous = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if contiguous {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("ID:%v Layers:%v(%v..%v)", g.ID, len(g.Layers), g.Layers[0], g.Layers[len(g.Layers)-1])
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("ID:%v Layers:%v%v", g.ID, len(g.Layers), g.Layers)
+	}
+}
+
+// GPULayersList is a set of layer allocations across multiple GPUs
+type GPULayersList []GPULayers
+
+func (l GPULayersList) Len() int      { return len(l) }
+func (l GPULayersList) Swap(i, j int) { l[i], l[j] = l[j], l[i] }
+
+// Sort by the ordering of the layers offloaded
+func (l GPULayersList) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	li := l[i].FirstLayer()
+	lj := l[j].FirstLayer()
+
+	return li < lj
+}
+
+func (l GPULayersList) String() string {
+	if l.Sum() > 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v%v", l.Sum(), []GPULayers(l))
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v", []GPULayers(l))
+	}
+}
+
+// Sum is the total number of layers assigned across all GPUs
+func (l GPULayersList) Sum() int {
+	var sum int
+
+	for _, g := range l {
+		sum += len(g.Layers)
+	}
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+var h maphash.Hash
+
+// Hash is an identifier of this layer assignment
+func (l GPULayersList) Hash() uint64 {
+	h.Reset()
+	for _, g := range l {
+		if len(g.Layers) > 0 {
+			h.WriteString(g.ID + g.Library)
+			for _, l := range g.Layers {
+				binary.Write(&h, binary.NativeEndian, int64(l))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return h.Sum64()
+}
+
+// ErrNoMem is returned when panicing due to insufficient memory. It includes
+// the attempted memory allocation.
+type ErrNoMem struct {
+	BackendMemory
+}
+
+func (e ErrNoMem) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("insufficient memory - required allocations: %+v", e.BackendMemory)
+}
+
+// Minimal unique device identification
+type DeviceID struct {
+	// ID is an identifier for the device for matching with system
+	// management libraries.  The ID is only unique for other devices
+	// using the same Library.
+	// This ID represents a "post filtered" view of the enumerated devices
+	// if the ID is numeric
+	ID string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Library identifies which library is used for the device (e.g. CUDA, ROCm, etc.)
+	Library string `json:"backend,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DeviceMemory provides a breakdown of the memory needed
+// per device, such as a CPU or GPU.
+type DeviceMemory struct {
+	DeviceID
+
+	// Name is the name of the device as labeled by the backend. It
+	// may not be persistent across instances of the runner.
+	Name string
+
+	// Weights is the per-layer memory needed for the model weights.
+	Weights []uint64
+
+	// Cache is the per-layer memory needed for the KV cache.
+	Cache []uint64
+
+	// Graph is the size of the compute graph. It is not per-layer.
+	Graph uint64
+}
+
+func sumMemory(mem []uint64) uint64 {
+	var sum uint64
+
+	for _, m := range mem {
+		sum += m
+	}
+
+	return sum
+}
+
+// Size returns the total size of the memory required by this device
+func (m DeviceMemory) Size() uint64 {
+	return sumMemory(m.Weights) + sumMemory(m.Cache) + m.Graph
+}
+
+func memoryPresent(mem []uint64) bool {
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(mem, func(m uint64) bool { return m != 0 })
+}
+
+func (m DeviceMemory) LogValue() slog.Value {
+	var attrs []slog.Attr
+	if memoryPresent(m.Weights) {
+		attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any("Weights", m.Weights))
+	}
+
+	if memoryPresent(m.Cache) {
+		attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any("Cache", m.Cache))
+	}
+
+	if m.Graph != 0 {
+		attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any("Graph", m.Graph))
+	}
+
+	if len(attrs) > 0 && m.ID != "" {
+		attrs = append([]slog.Attr{slog.String("ID", m.ID)}, attrs...)
+	}
+
+	return slog.GroupValue(attrs...)
+}
+
+// BackendMemory provides the amount of memory required to load the model
+// per device based on the BackendParams. In some cases, not all required
+// allocations will be known at this point. However, the size of the most recent
+// allocation is guaranteed to be provided so that if it failed, the caller can
+// accommodate that to make forward progress.
+type BackendMemory struct {
+	// InputWeights are always located on the CPU and cannot be moved
+	InputWeights uint64
+
+	// CPU model components are located in system memory. This does not
+	// include unified memory allocated through the GPU.
+	CPU DeviceMemory
+
+	// GPU model components are located on one or more GPUs.
+	GPUs []DeviceMemory
+}
+
+func (m BackendMemory) LogValue() slog.Value {
+	var attrs []slog.Attr
+	if m.InputWeights != 0 {
+		attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any("InputWeights", m.InputWeights))
+	}
+
+	attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any(m.CPU.Name, m.CPU))
+	for _, g := range m.GPUs {
+		attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any(g.Name, g))
+	}
+
+	return slog.GroupValue(attrs...)
+}
+
+// Log prints a high level summary of the memory
+func (m BackendMemory) Log(level slog.Level) {
+	var total uint64
+
+	for _, gpu := range m.GPUs {
+		if sum := sumMemory(gpu.Weights); sum > 0 {
+			slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "model weights", "device", gpu.Name, "size", format.HumanBytes2(sum))
+			total += sum
+		}
+	}
+	if sum := m.InputWeights + sumMemory(m.CPU.Weights); sum > 0 {
+		slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "model weights", "device", m.CPU.Name, "size", format.HumanBytes2(sum))
+		total += sum
+	}
+
+	for _, gpu := range m.GPUs {
+		if sum := sumMemory(gpu.Cache); sum > 0 {
+			slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "kv cache", "device", gpu.Name, "size", format.HumanBytes2(sum))
+			total += sum
+		}
+	}
+	if sum := sumMemory(m.CPU.Cache); sum > 0 {
+		slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "kv cache", "device", m.CPU.Name, "size", format.HumanBytes2(sum))
+		total += sum
+	}
+
+	for _, gpu := range m.GPUs {
+		if sum := gpu.Graph; sum > 0 {
+			slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "compute graph", "device", gpu.Name, "size", format.HumanBytes2(sum))
+			total += sum
+		}
+	}
+	if sum := m.CPU.Graph; sum > 0 {
+		slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "compute graph", "device", m.CPU.Name, "size", format.HumanBytes2(sum))
+		total += sum
+	}
+
+	if total > 0 {
+		slog.Log(context.TODO(), level, "total memory", "size", format.HumanBytes2(total))
+	}
+}
+
+type DeviceInfo struct {
+	DeviceID
+
+	// Name is the name of the device as labeled by the backend. It
+	// may not be persistent across instances of the runner.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// Description is the longer user-friendly identification of the device
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+
+	// FilterID is populated with the unfiltered device ID if a numeric ID is used
+	// so the device can be included.
+	FilterID string `json:"filter_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// Integrated is set true for integrated GPUs, false for Discrete GPUs
+	Integrated bool `json:"integration,omitempty"`
+
+	// PCIID is the bus, device and domain ID of the device for deduplication
+	// when discovered by multiple backends
+	PCIID string `json:"pci_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// TotalMemory is the total amount of memory the device can use for loading models
+	TotalMemory uint64 `json:"total_memory"`
+
+	// FreeMemory is the amount of memory currently available on the device for loading models
+	FreeMemory uint64 `json:"free_memory,omitempty"`
+
+	// ComputeMajor is the major version of capabilities of the device
+	// if unsupported by the backend, -1 will be returned
+	ComputeMajor int
+
+	// ComputeMinor is the minor version of capabilities of the device
+	// if unsupported by the backend, -1 will be returned
+	ComputeMinor int
+
+	// Driver Information
+	DriverMajor int `json:"driver_major,omitempty"`
+	DriverMinor int `json:"driver_minor,omitempty"`
+
+	// Where backends were loaded from
+	LibraryPath []string
+}
+
+type SystemInfo struct {
+	// ThreadCount is the optimal number of threads to use for inference
+	ThreadCount int `json:"threads,omitempty"`
+
+	// TotalMemory is the total amount of system memory
+	TotalMemory uint64 `json:"total_memory,omitempty"`
+
+	// FreeMemory is the amount of memory currently available on the system for loading models
+	FreeMemory uint64 `json:"free_memory,omitempty"`
+
+	// FreeSwap is the amount of system swap space reported as available
+	FreeSwap uint64 `json:"free_swap,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (d DeviceInfo) Compute() string {
+	// AMD gfx is encoded into the major minor in hex form
+	if strings.EqualFold(d.Library, "ROCm") {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("gfx%x%02x", d.ComputeMajor, d.ComputeMinor)
+	}
+	return strconv.Itoa(d.ComputeMajor) + "." + strconv.Itoa(d.ComputeMinor)
+}
+
+func (d DeviceInfo) Driver() string {
+	return strconv.Itoa(d.DriverMajor) + "." + strconv.Itoa(d.DriverMinor)
+}
+
+// MinimumMemory reports the amount of memory that should be set aside
+// on the device for overhead (e.g. VRAM consumed by context structures independent
+// of model allocations)
+func (d DeviceInfo) MinimumMemory() uint64 {
+	if d.Library == "Metal" {
+		return 512 * format.MebiByte
+	}
+	return 457 * format.MebiByte
+}
+
+// Sort by Free Space.
+// iGPUs are reported first, thus Reverse() yields the largest discrete GPU first
+type ByFreeMemory []DeviceInfo
+
+func (a ByFreeMemory) Len() int      { return len(a) }
+func (a ByFreeMemory) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a ByFreeMemory) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	if a[i].Integrated && !a[j].Integrated {
+		return true
+	} else if !a[i].Integrated && a[j].Integrated {
+		return false
+	}
+	return a[i].FreeMemory < a[j].FreeMemory
+}
+
+// ByPerformance groups devices by similar speed
+func ByPerformance(l []DeviceInfo) [][]DeviceInfo {
+	resp := [][]DeviceInfo{}
+	scores := []bool{}
+	for _, info := range l {
+		found := false
+		requested := info.Integrated
+		for i, score := range scores {
+			if score == requested {
+				resp[i] = append(resp[i], info)
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			scores = append(scores, requested)
+			resp = append(resp, []DeviceInfo{info})
+		}
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func ByLibrary(l []DeviceInfo) [][]DeviceInfo {
+	resp := [][]DeviceInfo{}
+	libs := []string{}
+	for _, info := range l {
+		found := false
+		requested := info.Library
+		for i, lib := range libs {
+			if lib == requested {
+				resp[i] = append(resp[i], info)
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			libs = append(libs, requested)
+			resp = append(resp, []DeviceInfo{info})
+		}
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func LibraryPaths(l []DeviceInfo) []string {
+	gpuLibs := []string{LibOllamaPath}
+	for _, gpu := range l {
+		for _, dir := range gpu.LibraryPath {
+			needed := true
+			for _, existing := range gpuLibs {
+				if dir == existing {
+					needed = false
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if needed {
+				gpuLibs = append(gpuLibs, dir)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return gpuLibs
+}
+
+type DeviceComparison int
+
+const (
+	UniqueDevice      DeviceComparison = iota
+	SameBackendDevice                  // The device is the same, and the library/backend is the same
+	DuplicateDevice                    // The same physical device but different library/backend (overlapping device)
+)
+
+func (a DeviceInfo) Compare(b DeviceInfo) DeviceComparison {
+	if a.PCIID != b.PCIID {
+		return UniqueDevice
+	}
+	// If PCIID is empty, we have to use ID + library for uniqueness
+	if a.PCIID == "" && a.DeviceID != b.DeviceID {
+		return UniqueDevice
+	}
+	if a.Library == b.Library {
+		return SameBackendDevice
+	}
+	return DuplicateDevice
+}
+
+// For a SameBackendDevice, return true if b is better than a
+// e.g. newer GPU library version
+func (a DeviceInfo) IsBetter(b DeviceInfo) bool {
+	aLib := a.LibraryPath[len(a.LibraryPath)-1]
+	bLib := b.LibraryPath[len(b.LibraryPath)-1]
+	if aLib == bLib {
+		return false
+	}
+	aLibSplit := strings.SplitN(aLib, "_", 2)
+	bLibSplit := strings.SplitN(bLib, "_", 2)
+	if len(aLibSplit) < 2 || len(bLibSplit) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if aLibSplit[0] != bLibSplit[0] {
+		slog.Debug("unexpected libraries", "a", aLib, "b", bLib)
+		return false
+	}
+	if aLibSplit[1] == bLibSplit[1] {
+		return false
+	}
+	cmp := []string{aLibSplit[1], bLibSplit[1]}
+	sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.StringSlice(cmp)))
+	return cmp[0] == bLibSplit[1]
+}
+
+// For each GPU, check if it does NOT support flash attention
+func FlashAttentionSupported(l []DeviceInfo) bool {
+	for _, gpu := range l {
+		supportsFA := gpu.Library == "cpu" ||
+			gpu.Name == "Metal" || gpu.Library == "Metal" ||
+			(gpu.Library == "CUDA" && gpu.DriverMajor >= 7 && !(gpu.ComputeMajor == 7 && gpu.ComputeMinor == 2)) ||
+			gpu.Library == "ROCm" ||
+			gpu.Library == "Vulkan"
+
+		if !supportsFA {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Given the list of GPUs this instantiation is targeted for,
+// figure out the visible devices environment variables
+// Set mustFilter true to enable filtering of CUDA devices
+func GetVisibleDevicesEnv(l []DeviceInfo, mustFilter bool) map[string]string {
+	if len(l) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	for _, d := range l {
+		d.updateVisibleDevicesEnv(env, mustFilter)
+	}
+	return env
+}
+
+// NeedsInitValidation returns true if the device in question has the potential
+// to crash at inference time and requires deeper validation before we include
+// it in the supported devices list.
+func (d DeviceInfo) NeedsInitValidation() bool {
+	// ROCm: rocblas will crash on unsupported devices.
+	// CUDA: verify CC is supported by the version of the library
+	return d.Library == "ROCm" || d.Library == "CUDA"
+}
+
+// Set the init validation environment variable
+func (d DeviceInfo) AddInitValidation(env map[string]string) {
+	env["GGML_CUDA_INIT"] = "1" // force deep initialization to trigger crash on unsupported GPUs
+}
+
+// PreferredLibrary returns true if this library is preferred over the other input
+// library
+// Used to filter out Vulkan in favor of CUDA or ROCm
+func (d DeviceInfo) PreferredLibrary(other DeviceInfo) bool {
+	// TODO in the future if we find Vulkan is better than ROCm on some devices
+	// that implementation can live here.
+
+	if d.Library == "CUDA" || d.Library == "ROCm" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (d DeviceInfo) updateVisibleDevicesEnv(env map[string]string, mustFilter bool) {
+	var envVar string
+	switch d.Library {
+	case "ROCm":
+		// ROCm must be filtered as it can crash the runner on unsupported devices
+		envVar = "ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES"
+		if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+			envVar = "HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES"
+		}
+	case "CUDA":
+		if !mustFilter {
+			// By default we try to avoid filtering CUDA devices because ROCm also
+			// looks at the CUDA env var, and gets confused in mixed vendor environments.
+			return
+		}
+		envVar = "CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"
+	default:
+		// Vulkan is not filtered via env var, but via scheduling decisions
+		return
+	}
+	v, existing := env[envVar]
+	if existing {
+		v = v + ","
+	}
+	if d.FilterID != "" {
+		v = v + d.FilterID
+	} else {
+		v = v + d.ID
+	}
+	env[envVar] = v
+}
+
+type BaseRunner interface {
+	// GetPort returns the localhost port number the runner is running on
+	GetPort() int
+
+	// HasExited indicates if the runner is no longer running.  This can be used during
+	// bootstrap to detect if a given filtered device is incompatible and triggered an assert
+	HasExited() bool
+}
+
+type RunnerDiscovery interface {
+	BaseRunner
+
+	// GetDeviceInfos will perform a query of the underlying device libraries
+	// for device identification and free VRAM information
+	// During bootstrap scenarios, this routine may take seconds to complete
+	GetDeviceInfos(ctx context.Context) []DeviceInfo
+}
+
+type FilteredRunnerDiscovery interface {
+	RunnerDiscovery
+
+	// GetActiveDeviceIDs returns the filtered set of devices actively in
+	// use by this runner for running models.  If the runner is a bootstrap runner, no devices
+	// will be active yet so no device IDs are returned.
+	// This routine will not query the underlying device and will return immediately
+	GetActiveDeviceIDs() []DeviceID
+}
+
+func GetDevicesFromRunner(ctx context.Context, runner BaseRunner) ([]DeviceInfo, error) {
+	var moreDevices []DeviceInfo
+	port := runner.GetPort()
+	tick := time.Tick(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to finish discovery before timeout")
+		case <-tick:
+			r, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/info", port), nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+			}
+			r.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+			resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(r)
+			if err != nil {
+				// slog.Warn("failed to send request", "error", err)
+				if runner.HasExited() {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("runner crashed")
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+			if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+				// old runner, fall back to bootstrapping model
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("llamarunner free vram reporting not supported")
+			}
+
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("failed to read response", "error", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
+				logutil.Trace("runner failed to discover free VRAM", "status", resp.StatusCode, "response", body)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("runner error: %s", string(body))
+			}
+
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &moreDevices); err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("unmarshal encode response", "error", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			return moreDevices, nil
+		}
+	}
+}

x/ml/nn/attention.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package nn
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/kvcache"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/ml"
+)
+
+// Attention implements scaled dot-product attention for transformer models:
+// Attention(Q, K, V) = softmax(QK^T/√d_k)V
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ctx: Context for tensor operations
+//   - query: Query tensor (Q) with shape [d_k, heads, seq_len_q]
+//   - key: Key tensor (K) with shape [d_k, kv_heads, seq_len_k], can be nil to read from cache only
+//   - value: Value tensor (V) with shape [d_v, kv_heads, seq_len_k], can be nil to read from cache only
+//   - scale: Scaling factor, typically 1/√d_k where d_k is the key dimension
+//   - cache: KV cache to store key/value and get past history, can be nil to only use provided key/value
+//
+// Returns:
+//
+//	Attention output with shape [d_v, heads, seq_len_q]
+func Attention(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value ml.Tensor, scale float64, cache kvcache.Cache) ml.Tensor {
+	return AttentionWithVMLA(ctx, query, key, value, nil, nil, scale, cache)
+}
+
+func AttentionWithSinks(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value, sinks ml.Tensor, scale float64, cache kvcache.Cache) ml.Tensor {
+	return AttentionWithVMLA(ctx, query, key, value, sinks, nil, scale, cache)
+}
+
+func AttentionWithVMLA(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value, sinks ml.Tensor, vmla ml.Tensor, scale float64, cache kvcache.Cache) ml.Tensor {
+	ctx.Forward(query)
+
+	if key != nil && value != nil {
+		if query.Dim(0) != key.Dim(0) {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("d_k in attention operation does not match between query(%v) and key(%v)", query.Dim(0), key.Dim(0)))
+		}
+
+		if key.Dim(1) != value.Dim(1) {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("kv_heads in attention operation does not match between key(%v) and value(%v)", key.Dim(1), value.Dim(1)))
+		}
+
+		if key.Dim(2) != value.Dim(2) {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("seq_len_k in attention operation does not match between key(%v) and value(%v)", key.Dim(2), value.Dim(2)))
+		}
+
+		ctx.Forward(key, value)
+		if cache != nil {
+			cache.Put(ctx, key, value)
+		}
+	} else if cache == nil {
+		panic("key & value tensors must be provided if cache is nil")
+	}
+
+	// ctx.CompareWith("/tmp/test", map[string]ml.Tensor{"q": query, "k": key, "v": value}, true)
+	// panic("after cache get") //
+	// 2025/12/10 16:02:33 INFO XXX tensors are similar q=0.9999869465827942 shape="[1 8 13 256]" min_difference=[-0.07926178] max_difference=[0.07012844]
+	// 2025/12/10 16:02:33 INFO XXX tensors are similar k=0.9999891519546509 shape="[1 4 13 256]" min_difference=[-0.21365738] max_difference=[0.19916534]
+	// 2025/12/10 16:02:33 INFO XXX tensors are similar v=0.9999960660934448 shape="[1 4 13 256]" min_difference=[-0.32923126] max_difference=[0.32646942]
+
+	// var mask ml.Tensor
+	if cache != nil {
+		key, value, _ = cache.Get(ctx)
+	}
+	// ctx.CompareWith("/tmp/test", map[string]ml.Tensor{"q": query.Contiguous(ctx, false), "k": key.Contiguous(ctx, false), "v": value.Contiguous(ctx, false)}, true)
+	// panic("after cache get") //
+	// 2025/12/10 15:34:03 INFO XXX tensors are similar q=0.9999869465827942 shape="[1 8 13 256]" min_difference=[-0.07926178] max_difference=[0.07012844]
+	// 2025/12/10 15:34:03 INFO XXX tensors are similar k=0.9999881982803345 shape="[1 4 13 256]" min_difference=[-0.25] max_difference=[0.25]
+	// 2025/12/10 15:34:03 INFO XXX tensors are similar v=0.9999913573265076 shape="[1 4 13 256]" min_difference=[-0.5] max_difference=[0.5]
+
+	// Only use the fast SDPA implementation if we have a cache, since that's what
+	// will do any expected backend-specific transformations for us
+
+	if cache != nil {
+		// TODO what to do with vmla?
+		// return query.Transpose(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx, key.Transpose(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3), value.Transpose(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3), scale, "array", mask, sinks)
+		return query.ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx, key, value, scale, "causal", nil, sinks)
+
+		// TODO these two produce identical output, but not similar enough - 92.9% - should be 99.999%
+	} else {
+		panic("else case not supported")
+		// TODO transpose shapes are wrong
+		// key = key.Transpose(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+		// value = value.Transpose(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3).Contiguous(ctx, false)
+
+		// kq := query.Matmul(ctx, key)
+
+		// kq = kq.Scale(ctx, scale)
+		// if mask != nil {
+		// 	kq = kq.Add(ctx, mask)
+		// }
+		// kq = kq.Softmax(ctx)
+
+		// kqv := kq.Matmul(ctx, value)
+
+		// if vmla != nil {
+		// 	kqv = kqv.Matmul(ctx, vmla)
+		// }
+
+		// return kqv.Transpose(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx, false)
+	}
+}