Merge branch 'main' into alexcheema/fix-memory-reporting

fix: exclude distributed test script from pytest collection and apply formatting
The start_distributed_test.py script calls sys.exit() at module level, crashing pytest collection. Add --ignore to pytest addopts to skip it. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-02-18 23:06:23 -05:00 · 2026-02-16 05:34:40 -08:00 · 2026-02-16 05:07:34 -08:00 · 2026-02-16 04:50:14 -08:00 · 2026-02-15 08:34:54 -08:00
49 changed files with 2653 additions and 1604 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.101"
+version = "1.0.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5f0e0fee31ef5ed1ba1316088939cea399010ed7731dba877ed44aeb407a75ea"
+checksum = "a23eb6b1614318a8071c9b2521f36b424b2c83db5eb3a0fead4a6c0809af6e61"

 [[package]]
 name = "arc-swap"
@@ -141,6 +141,12 @@ version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "76a2e8124351fda1ef8aaaa3bbd7ebbcb486bbcd4225aca0aa0d84bb2db8fecb"

+[[package]]
+name = "arrayvec"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "asn1-rs"
 version = "0.7.1"
@@ -165,7 +171,7 @@ checksum = "3109e49b1e4909e9db6515a30c633684d68cdeaa252f215214cb4fa1a5bfee2c"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 "synstructure",
 ]

@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ checksum = "7b18050c2cd6fe86c3a76584ef5e0baf286d038cda203eb6223df2cc413565f7"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -224,7 +230,7 @@ checksum = "9035ad2d096bed7955a320ee7e2230574d28fd3c3a0f186cbea1ff3c7eed5dbb"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -298,6 +304,19 @@ version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "55248b47b0caf0546f7988906588779981c43bb1bc9d0c44087278f80cdb44ba"

+[[package]]
+name = "bigdecimal"
+version = "0.4.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "560f42649de9fa436b73517378a147ec21f6c997a546581df4b4b31677828934"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "libm",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bimap"
 version = "0.6.3"
@@ -421,9 +440,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.43"
+version = "0.4.42"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fac4744fb15ae8337dc853fee7fb3f4e48c0fbaa23d0afe49c447b4fab126118"
+checksum = "145052bdd345b87320e369255277e3fb5152762ad123a901ef5c262dd38fe8d2"
 dependencies = [
 "iana-time-zone",
 "js-sys",
@@ -497,6 +516,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2f421161cb492475f1661ddc9815a745a1c894592070661180fdec3d4872e9c3"

+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.4"
@@ -644,7 +672,7 @@ checksum = "f46882e17999c6cc590af592290432be3bce0428cb0d5f8b6715e4dc7b383eb3"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -670,7 +698,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8d162beedaa69905488a8da94f5ac3edb4dd4788b732fadb7bd120b2625c1976"
 dependencies = [
 "data-encoding",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -681,7 +709,7 @@ checksum = "780eb241654bf097afb00fc5f054a09b687dad862e485fdcf8399bb056565370"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -718,6 +746,29 @@ dependencies = [
 "powerfmt",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "derive_more"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "10b768e943bed7bf2cab53df09f4bc34bfd217cdb57d971e769874c9a6710618"
+dependencies = [
+ "derive_more-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "derive_more-impl"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6d286bfdaf75e988b4a78e013ecd79c581e06399ab53fbacd2d916c2f904f30b"
+dependencies = [
+ "convert_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -738,7 +789,7 @@ checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -820,7 +871,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "heck",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -888,17 +939,22 @@ name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"
 version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
 "delegate",
+ "derive_more",
 "env_logger",
 "extend",
- "futures-lite",
+ "futures",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
 "libp2p",
 "log",
 "networking",
+ "once_cell",
 "pin-project",
 "pyo3",
 "pyo3-async-runtimes",
 "pyo3-log",
 "pyo3-stub-gen",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
+ "thread_local",
 "tokio",
 "util",
 ]
@@ -911,15 +967,9 @@ checksum = "311a6d2f1f9d60bff73d2c78a0af97ed27f79672f15c238192a5bbb64db56d00"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "fastrand"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37909eebbb50d72f9059c3b6d82c0463f2ff062c9e95845c43a6c9c0355411be"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ff"
 version = "0.13.1"
@@ -1028,10 +1078,7 @@ version = "2.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f78e10609fe0e0b3f4157ffab1876319b5b0db102a2c60dc4626306dc46b44ad"
 dependencies = [
- "fastrand",
 "futures-core",
- "futures-io",
- "parking",
 "pin-project-lite",
 ]

@@ -1043,7 +1090,7 @@ checksum = "162ee34ebcb7c64a8abebc059ce0fee27c2262618d7b60ed8faf72fef13c3650"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1593,6 +1640,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "xmltree",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "impl-trait-for-tuples"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0eb5a3343abf848c0984fe4604b2b105da9539376e24fc0a3b0007411ae4fd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.12.1"
@@ -1657,7 +1715,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "heck",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1711,7 +1769,7 @@ checksum = "980af8b43c3ad5d8d349ace167ec8170839f753a42d233ba19e08afe1850fa69"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1771,6 +1829,12 @@ version = "0.2.178"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "37c93d8daa9d8a012fd8ab92f088405fb202ea0b6ab73ee2482ae66af4f42091"

+[[package]]
+name = "libm"
+version = "0.2.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9fbbcab51052fe104eb5e5d351cf728d30a5be1fe14d9be8a3b097481fb97de"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p"
 version = "0.56.0"
@@ -2300,7 +2364,7 @@ checksum = "dd297cf53f0cb3dee4d2620bb319ae47ef27c702684309f682bdb7e55a18ae9c"
 dependencies = [
 "heck",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2760,13 +2824,16 @@ name = "networking"
 version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
 "delegate",
+ "derive_more",
 "either",
 "extend",
- "futures-lite",
+ "futures",
 "futures-timer",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
 "keccak-const",
 "libp2p",
 "log",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
 "tokio",
 "tracing-subscriber",
 "util",
@@ -2838,9 +2905,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "num-conv"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf97ec579c3c42f953ef76dbf8d55ac91fb219dde70e49aa4a6b7d74e9919050"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"

 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
@@ -2851,6 +2918,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "num-traits",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "num-rational"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -3053,7 +3131,7 @@ checksum = "6e918e4ff8c4549eb882f14b3a4bc8c8bc93de829416eacf579f1207a8fbf861"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3165,9 +3243,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.106"
+version = "1.0.103"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
+checksum = "5ee95bc4ef87b8d5ba32e8b7714ccc834865276eab0aed5c9958d00ec45f49e8"
 dependencies = [
 "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -3192,7 +3270,7 @@ checksum = "440f724eba9f6996b75d63681b0a92b06947f1457076d503a4d2e2c8f56442b8"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3201,14 +3279,28 @@ version = "0.27.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab53c047fcd1a1d2a8820fe84f05d6be69e9526be40cb03b73f86b6b03e6d87d"
 dependencies = [
+ "bigdecimal",
+ "either",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "indexmap",
 "indoc",
+ "inventory",
 "libc",
+ "lock_api",
 "memoffset",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
 "once_cell",
+ "ordered-float",
+ "parking_lot",
 "portable-atomic",
 "pyo3-build-config",
 "pyo3-ffi",
 "pyo3-macros",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "smallvec",
 "unindent",
 ]

@@ -3236,7 +3328,7 @@ checksum = "bcd7d70ee0ca1661c40407e6f84e4463ef2658c90a9e2fbbd4515b2bcdfcaeca"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3278,7 +3370,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "pyo3-macros-backend",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3291,14 +3383,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "pyo3-build-config",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-stub-gen"
-version = "0.19.0"
+version = "0.17.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b159f7704044f57d058f528a6f1f22a0a0a327dcb595c5fb38beae658e0338d6"
+checksum = "398b833826a83ca72c1e26d1b2c7c71f9ca7c3bfc74eacc663901895c362ae33"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "chrono",
@@ -3313,25 +3405,22 @@ dependencies = [
 "ordered-float",
 "pyo3",
 "pyo3-stub-gen-derive",
- "rustpython-parser",
 "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "time",
 "toml",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-stub-gen-derive"
-version = "0.19.0"
+version = "0.17.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8c79e7c5b1fcec7c39ab186594658a971c59911eb6fbab5a5932cf2318534be"
+checksum = "2426ba759d848787239d80f9fdb1f223786976f87fb6c3da8188ca7c17744b28"
 dependencies = [
 "heck",
 "indexmap",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
 "rustpython-parser",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3414,9 +3503,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.44"
+version = "1.0.42"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21b2ebcf727b7760c461f091f9f0f539b77b8e87f2fd88131e7f1b433b3cece4"
+checksum = "a338cc41d27e6cc6dce6cefc13a0729dfbb81c262b1f519331575dd80ef3067f"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -3652,6 +3741,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "rust_decimal"
+version = "1.39.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "35affe401787a9bd846712274d97654355d21b2a2c092a3139aabe31e9022282"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -3887,7 +3986,7 @@ checksum = "d540f220d3187173da220f885ab66608367b6574e925011a9353e4badda91d79"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3905,9 +4004,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_spanned"
-version = "1.0.4"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8bbf91e5a4d6315eee45e704372590b30e260ee83af6639d64557f51b067776"
+checksum = "e24345aa0fe688594e73770a5f6d1b216508b4f93484c0026d521acd30134392"
 dependencies = [
 "serde_core",
 ]
@@ -4095,9 +4194,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.116"
+version = "2.0.111"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3df424c70518695237746f84cede799c9c58fcb37450d7b23716568cc8bc69cb"
+checksum = "390cc9a294ab71bdb1aa2e99d13be9c753cd2d7bd6560c77118597410c4d2e87"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@@ -4112,7 +4211,7 @@ checksum = "728a70f3dbaf5bab7f0c4b1ac8d7ae5ea60a4b5549c8a5914361c99147a709d2"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4188,7 +4287,7 @@ checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4199,7 +4298,7 @@ checksum = "3ff15c8ecd7de3849db632e14d18d2571fa09dfc5ed93479bc4485c7a517c913"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4213,30 +4312,30 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "time"
-version = "0.3.47"
+version = "0.3.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "743bd48c283afc0388f9b8827b976905fb217ad9e647fae3a379a9283c4def2c"
+checksum = "91e7d9e3bb61134e77bde20dd4825b97c010155709965fedf0f49bb138e52a9d"
 dependencies = [
 "deranged",
 "itoa",
 "num-conv",
 "powerfmt",
- "serde_core",
+ "serde",
 "time-core",
 "time-macros",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "time-core"
-version = "0.1.8"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7694e1cfe791f8d31026952abf09c69ca6f6fa4e1a1229e18988f06a04a12dca"
+checksum = "40868e7c1d2f0b8d73e4a8c7f0ff63af4f6d19be117e90bd73eb1d62cf831c6b"

 [[package]]
 name = "time-macros"
-version = "0.2.27"
+version = "0.2.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e70e4c5a0e0a8a4823ad65dfe1a6930e4f4d756dcd9dd7939022b5e8c501215"
+checksum = "30cfb0125f12d9c277f35663a0a33f8c30190f4e4574868a330595412d34ebf3"
 dependencies = [
 "num-conv",
 "time-core",
@@ -4312,7 +4411,7 @@ checksum = "af407857209536a95c8e56f8231ef2c2e2aff839b22e07a1ffcbc617e9db9fa5"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4330,9 +4429,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
-version = "1.0.2+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.9.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d1dfefef6a142e93f346b64c160934eb13b5594b84ab378133ac6815cb2bd57f"
+checksum = "f0dc8b1fb61449e27716ec0e1bdf0f6b8f3e8f6b05391e8497b8b6d7804ea6d8"
 dependencies = [
 "indexmap",
 "serde_core",
@@ -4345,27 +4444,27 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "toml_datetime"
-version = "1.0.0+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "32c2555c699578a4f59f0cc68e5116c8d7cabbd45e1409b989d4be085b53f13e"
+checksum = "f2cdb639ebbc97961c51720f858597f7f24c4fc295327923af55b74c3c724533"
 dependencies = [
 "serde_core",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "toml_parser"
-version = "1.0.9+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "702d4415e08923e7e1ef96cd5727c0dfed80b4d2fa25db9647fe5eb6f7c5a4c4"
+checksum = "c0cbe268d35bdb4bb5a56a2de88d0ad0eb70af5384a99d648cd4b3d04039800e"
 dependencies = [
 "winnow",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "toml_writer"
-version = "1.0.6+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ab16f14aed21ee8bfd8ec22513f7287cd4a91aa92e44edfe2c17ddd004e92607"
+checksum = "df8b2b54733674ad286d16267dcfc7a71ed5c776e4ac7aa3c3e2561f7c637bf2"

 [[package]]
 name = "tower-service"
@@ -4392,7 +4491,7 @@ checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4516,12 +4615,24 @@ version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9312f7c4f6ff9069b165498234ce8be658059c6728633667c526e27dc2cf1df5"

+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f6ccf251212114b54433ec949fd6a7841275f9ada20dddd2f29e9ceea4501493"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
 version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"

+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode_names2"
 version = "1.3.0"
@@ -4704,7 +4815,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bumpalo",
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]

@@ -4846,7 +4957,7 @@ checksum = "9107ddc059d5b6fbfbffdfa7a7fe3e22a226def0b2608f72e9d552763d3e1ad7"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4857,7 +4968,7 @@ checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4868,7 +4979,7 @@ checksum = "29bee4b38ea3cde66011baa44dba677c432a78593e202392d1e9070cf2a7fca7"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4879,7 +4990,7 @@ checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5268,7 +5379,7 @@ checksum = "b659052874eb698efe5b9e8cf382204678a0086ebf46982b79d6ca3182927e5d"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 "synstructure",
 ]

@@ -5289,7 +5400,7 @@ checksum = "d8a8d209fdf45cf5138cbb5a506f6b52522a25afccc534d1475dad8e31105c6a"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5309,7 +5420,7 @@ checksum = "d71e5d6e06ab090c67b5e44993ec16b72dcbaabc526db883a360057678b48502"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 "synstructure",
 ]

@@ -5330,7 +5441,7 @@ checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5363,5 +5474,5 @@ checksum = "eadce39539ca5cb3985590102671f2567e659fca9666581ad3411d59207951f3"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.116",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
 ]
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,22 +26,49 @@ opt-level = 3
 networking = { path = "rust/networking" }
 util = { path = "rust/util" }

+# Proc-macro authoring tools
+syn = "2.0"
+quote = "1.0"
+proc-macro2 = "1.0"
+darling = "0.20"
+
 # Macro dependecies
 extend = "1.2"
 delegate = "0.13"
+impl-trait-for-tuples = "0.2"
+clap = "4.5"
+derive_more = { version = "2.0.1", features = ["display"] }
 pin-project = "1"

 # Utility dependencies
+itertools = "0.14"
+thiserror = "2"
+internment = "0.8"
+recursion = "0.5"
+regex = "1.11"
+once_cell = "1.21"
+thread_local = "1.1"
+bon = "3.4"
+generativity = "1.1"
+anyhow = "1.0"
 keccak-const = "0.2"

+# Functional generics/lenses frameworks
+frunk_core = "0.4"
+frunk = "0.4"
+frunk_utils = "0.2"
+frunk-enum-core = "0.3"
+
 # Async dependencies
 tokio = "1.46"
 futures = "0.3"
-futures-lite = "2.6.1"
+futures-util = "0.3"
 futures-timer = "3.0"

 # Data structures
 either = "1.15"
+ordered-float = "5.0"
+ahash = "0.8"

 # Tracing/logging
 log = "0.4"
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -72,23 +72,16 @@ There are two ways to run exo:

 ### Run from Source (macOS)

-If you have [Nix](https://nixos.org/) installed, you can skip most of the steps below and run exo directly (after accepting the Cachix cache):
-
-```bash
-nix run .#exo
-```
-
 **Prerequisites:**
- [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) (provides the Metal ToolChain required for MLX compilation)
 - [brew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew) (for simple package management on macOS)
-
+  
  ```bash
  /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
  ```
 - [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) (for Python dependency management)
 - [macmon](https://github.com/vladkens/macmon) (for hardware monitoring on Apple Silicon)
 - [node](https://github.com/nodejs/node) (for building the dashboard)
-
+  
  ```bash
  brew install uv macmon node
  ```
--- a/app/EXO/EXO/ExoProcessController.swift
+++ b/app/EXO/EXO/ExoProcessController.swift
@@ -126,37 +126,11 @@ final class ExoProcessController: ObservableObject {
            return
        }
        process.terminationHandler = nil
-        status = .stopped
-
-        guard process.isRunning else {
-            self.process = nil
-            return
+        if process.isRunning {
+            process.terminate()
        }
-
-        let proc = process
        self.process = nil
-
-        Task.detached {
-            proc.interrupt()
-
-            for _ in 0..<50 {
-                if !proc.isRunning { return }
-                try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 100_000_000)
-            }
-
-            if proc.isRunning {
-                proc.terminate()
-            }
-
-            for _ in 0..<30 {
-                if !proc.isRunning { return }
-                try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 100_000_000)
-            }
-
-            if proc.isRunning {
-                kill(proc.processIdentifier, SIGKILL)
-            }
-        }
+        status = .stopped
    }

    func restart() {
--- a/bench/bench.toml
+++ b/bench/bench.toml
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# Canary benchmark manifest
-#
-# Lists the suite files to include. Each file defines benchmarks
-# with shared constraints, topology, and default args.
-include = [
-    "single-m3-ultra.toml",
-]
--- a/bench/single-m3-ultra.toml
+++ b/bench/single-m3-ultra.toml
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-# Single-node M3 Ultra benchmarks
-#
-# Shared constraints applied to ALL benchmarks in this file.
-constraints = [
-    "All(MacOsBuild(=25D125))",
-    "Hosts(=1)",
-    "All(Chip(m3_ultra))",
-    "All(GpuCores(=80))",
-]
-
-[topology]
-type = "none"
-
-# Default args merged into each benchmark's args (benchmark-level args win).
-[defaults]
-pp = [512, 2048, 8192, 16384]
-tg = 128
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Meta-Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/gpt-oss-120b-MXFP4-Q8"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-Flash-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Coder-Next-6bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-30B-A3B-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-0.6B-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-0.6B-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-bf16"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/gpt-oss-20b-MXFP4-Q8"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-30B-A3B-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-Flash-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-Flash-5bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-Flash-6bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Coder-Next-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Coder-Next-5bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Coder-Next-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=96GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/llama-3.3-70b-instruct-fp16"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.5-Air-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.5-Air-bf16"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/MiniMax-M2.1-3bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/MiniMax-M2.1-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Coder-Next-bf16"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Step-3.5-Flash-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Step-3.5-Flash-6bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Step-3.5-Flash-8Bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=256GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/DeepSeek-V3.1-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=512GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-6bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=512GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/GLM-4.7-8bit-gs32"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=512GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507-8bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=512GiB))"]
-
-[[benchmark]]
-model = "mlx-community/Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct-4bit"
-extra_constraints = ["All(Memory(>=512GiB))"]
--- a/dashboard/src/routes/downloads/+page.svelte
+++ b/dashboard/src/routes/downloads/+page.svelte
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
          packages = lib.optionalAttrs pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isDarwin (
            let
              uvLock = builtins.fromTOML (builtins.readFile ./uv.lock);
-              mlxPackage = builtins.head (builtins.filter (p: p.name == "mlx" && p.source ? git) uvLock.package);
+              mlxPackage = builtins.head (builtins.filter (p: p.name == "mlx") uvLock.package);
              uvLockMlxVersion = mlxPackage.version;
            in
            {
--- a/nix/mlx.nix
+++ b/nix/mlx.nix
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@ let

  mlx = stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
    pname = "mlx";
-    version = let v = "0.30.7.dev20260217+50487b41"; in
+    version = let v = "0.30.6"; in
      assert v == uvLockMlxVersion || throw "MLX version mismatch: nix/mlx.nix has ${v} but uv.lock has ${uvLockMlxVersion}. Update both the version and hash in nix/mlx.nix.";
      v;
    pyproject = true;

    src = fetchFromGitHub {
-      owner = "rltakashige";
-      repo = "mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv";
-      rev = "50487b4141f3c951122655db3b83df5146c1fbeb";
-      hash = "sha256-IL4a9vMX5nocgJU1WG4zE8hArHkHJtnh4sdYh3od5zU=";
+      owner = "ml-explore";
+      repo = "mlx";
+      tag = "v${version}";
+      hash = "sha256-avD5EGhwgmPdXLAyQSqTO6AXk/W3ziH+f6AetjK3Sdo=";
    };

    patches = [
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ dependencies = [
    "loguru>=0.7.3",
    "exo_pyo3_bindings", # rust bindings
    "anyio==4.11.0",
-    "mlx; sys_platform == 'darwin'",
+    "mlx==0.30.6; sys_platform == 'darwin'",
    "mlx[cpu]==0.30.6; sys_platform == 'linux'",
-    "mlx-lm==0.30.7",
+    "mlx-lm==0.30.6",
    "tiktoken>=0.12.0", # required for kimi k2 tokenizer
    "hypercorn>=0.18.0",
    "openai-harmony>=0.0.8",
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ members = [

 [tool.uv.sources]
 exo_pyo3_bindings = { workspace = true }
-mlx = { git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git", branch = "address-rdma-gpu-locks", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" }
 #mlx-lm = { git = "https://github.com/davidmcc73/mlx-lm", branch = "stable" }
 # Uncomment to use local mlx/mlx-lm development versions:
 # mlx = { path = "/Users/Shared/mlx", editable=true }
--- a/python/parts.nix
+++ b/python/parts.nix
@@ -58,21 +58,6 @@
        lib.optionalAttrs pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux (
          (lib.mapAttrs (_: ignoreMissing) nvidiaPackages) // {
            mlx = ignoreMissing prev.mlx;
-            mlx-cuda-13 = prev.mlx-cuda-13.overrideAttrs (old: {
-              buildInputs = (old.buildInputs or [ ]) ++ [
-                final.nvidia-cublas
-                final.nvidia-cuda-nvrtc
-                final.nvidia-cudnn-cu13
-                final.nvidia-nccl-cu13
-              ];
-              preFixup = ''
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-cublas}
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-cuda-nvrtc}
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-cudnn-cu13}
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-nccl-cu13}
-              '';
-              autoPatchelfIgnoreMissingDeps = [ "libcuda.so.1" ];
-            });
            torch = ignoreMissing prev.torch;
            triton = ignoreMissing prev.triton;
          }
@@ -89,25 +74,14 @@
          linuxOverlay
        ]
      );
-      # mlx-cpu and mlx-cuda-13 both ship mlx/ site-packages files; keep first.
-      # mlx-cpu/mlx-cuda-13 and nvidia-cudnn-cu12/cu13 ship overlapping files.
-      venvCollisionPaths = lib.optionals pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux [
-        "lib/python3.13/site-packages/mlx*"
-        "lib/python3.13/site-packages/nvidia*"
-      ];
-
-      exoVenv = (pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-env" workspace.deps.default).overrideAttrs {
-        venvIgnoreCollisions = venvCollisionPaths;
-      };
+      exoVenv = pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-env" workspace.deps.default;

      # Virtual environment with dev dependencies for testing
-      testVenv = (pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-test-env" (
+      testVenv = pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-test-env" (
        workspace.deps.default // {
          exo = [ "dev" ]; # Include pytest, pytest-asyncio, pytest-env
        }
-      )).overrideAttrs {
-        venvIgnoreCollisions = venvCollisionPaths;
-      };
+      );

      mkPythonScript = name: path: pkgs.writeShellApplication {
        inherit name;
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,38 +25,53 @@ workspace = true
 networking = { workspace = true }

 # interop
-pyo3 = { version = "0.27.2", features = [
-    # "abi3-py313", # tells pyo3 (and maturin) to build using the stable ABI with minimum Python version 3.13
-    # "nightly", # enables better-supported GIL integration
+pyo3 = { version = "0.27.1", features = [
+    # "abi3-py311", # tells pyo3 (and maturin) to build using the stable ABI with minimum Python version 3.11
+    "nightly", # enables better-supported GIL integration
    "experimental-async", # async support in #[pyfunction] & #[pymethods]
    #"experimental-inspect", # inspection of generated binary => easier to automate type-hint generation
    #"py-clone", # adding Clone-ing of `Py<T>` without GIL (may cause panics - remove if panics happen)
-    # "multiple-pymethods", # allows multiple #[pymethods] sections per class
+    "multiple-pymethods", # allows multiple #[pymethods] sections per class

    # integrations with other libraries
-    # "arc_lock", "bigdecimal", "either", "hashbrown", "indexmap", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "num-rational",
-    # "ordered-float", "rust_decimal", "smallvec",
+    "arc_lock", "bigdecimal", "either", "hashbrown", "indexmap", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "num-rational",
+    "ordered-float", "rust_decimal", "smallvec",
    # "anyhow", "chrono", "chrono-local", "chrono-tz", "eyre", "jiff-02", "lock_api", "parking-lot", "time",  "serde",
 ] }
-pyo3-stub-gen = { version = "0.19.0" }
+pyo3-stub-gen = { version = "0.17.2" }
 pyo3-async-runtimes = { version = "0.27.0", features = ["attributes", "tokio-runtime", "testing"] }
 pyo3-log = "0.13.2"

 # macro dependencies
 extend = { workspace = true }
 delegate = { workspace = true }
+impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
+derive_more = { workspace = true }
 pin-project = { workspace = true }

 # async runtime
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full", "tracing"] }
-futures-lite = { workspace = true }
+futures = { workspace = true }

 # utility dependencies
+once_cell = "1.21.3"
+thread_local = "1.1.9"
 util = { workspace = true }
+thiserror = { workspace = true }
+#internment = { workspace = true }
+#recursion = { workspace = true }
+#generativity = { workspace = true }
+#itertools = { workspace = true }
+

 # Tracing
+#tracing = "0.1"
+#tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
+#console-subscriber = "0.1.5"
+#tracing-log = "0.2.0"
 log = { workspace = true }
 env_logger = "0.11"

+
 # Networking
 libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/exo_pyo3_bindings.pyi
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/exo_pyo3_bindings.pyi
@@ -1,85 +1,155 @@
 # This file is automatically generated by pyo3_stub_gen
-# ruff: noqa: E501, F401, F403, F405
+# ruff: noqa: E501, F401

 import builtins
+import enum
 import typing
-__all__ = [
-    "AllQueuesFullError",
-    "Keypair",
-    "NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError",
-    "PyMessage",
-    "PySwarm",
-]

@typing.final
 class AllQueuesFullError(builtins.Exception):
-    def __new__(cls, *_a: typing.Any) -> AllQueuesFullError: ...
+    def __new__(cls, *args: typing.Any) -> AllQueuesFullError: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
    def __str__(self) -> builtins.str: ...

+@typing.final
+class ConnectionUpdate:
+    @property
+    def update_type(self) -> ConnectionUpdateType:
+        r"""
+        Whether this is a connection or disconnection event
+        """
+    @property
+    def peer_id(self) -> PeerId:
+        r"""
+        Identity of the peer that we have connected to or disconnected from.
+        """
+    @property
+    def remote_ipv4(self) -> builtins.str:
+        r"""
+        Remote connection's IPv4 address.
+        """
+    @property
+    def remote_tcp_port(self) -> builtins.int:
+        r"""
+        Remote connection's TCP port.
+        """
+
@typing.final
 class Keypair:
    r"""
    Identity keypair of a node.
    """
    @staticmethod
-    def generate() -> Keypair:
+    def generate_ed25519() -> Keypair:
        r"""
        Generate a new Ed25519 keypair.
        """
    @staticmethod
-    def deserialize(bytes: bytes) -> Keypair:
+    def generate_ecdsa() -> Keypair:
+        r"""
+        Generate a new ECDSA keypair.
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_secp256k1() -> Keypair:
+        r"""
+        Generate a new Secp256k1 keypair.
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_protobuf_encoding(bytes: bytes) -> Keypair:
        r"""
        Decode a private key from a protobuf structure and parse it as a `Keypair`.
        """
-    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+    @staticmethod
+    def rsa_from_pkcs8(bytes: bytes) -> Keypair:
+        r"""
+        Decode an keypair from a DER-encoded secret key in PKCS#8 `PrivateKeyInfo`
+        format (i.e. unencrypted) as defined in [RFC5208].
+        
+        [RFC5208]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5208#section-5
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def secp256k1_from_der(bytes: bytes) -> Keypair:
+        r"""
+        Decode a keypair from a DER-encoded Secp256k1 secret key in an `ECPrivateKey`
+        structure as defined in [RFC5915].
+        
+        [RFC5915]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5915
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def ed25519_from_bytes(bytes: bytes) -> Keypair: ...
+    def to_protobuf_encoding(self) -> bytes:
        r"""
        Encode a private key as protobuf structure.
        """
-    def to_string(self) -> builtins.str:
+    def to_peer_id(self) -> PeerId:
        r"""
        Convert the `Keypair` into the corresponding `PeerId`.
        """

@typing.final
-class NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError(builtins.Exception):
-    def __new__(cls, *_a: typing.Any) -> NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError: ...
-    def __str__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
-
-class PyMessage:
-    @typing.final
-    class Connection(PyMessage):
-        __match_args__ = ("node_id", "connected",)
-        @property
-        def node_id(self) -> builtins.str: ...
-        @property
-        def connected(self) -> builtins.bool: ...
-        def __new__(cls, node_id: builtins.str, connected: builtins.bool) -> PyMessage.Connection: ...
-    
-    @typing.final
-    class Gossip(PyMessage):
-        __match_args__ = ("node_id", "topic", "data",)
-        @property
-        def node_id(self) -> builtins.str: ...
-        @property
-        def topic(self) -> builtins.str: ...
-        @property
-        def data(self) -> bytes: ...
-        def __new__(cls, node_id: builtins.str, topic: builtins.str, data: bytes) -> PyMessage.Gossip: ...
-    
-    ...
+class Multiaddr:
+    r"""
+    Representation of a Multiaddr.
+    """
+    @staticmethod
+    def empty() -> Multiaddr:
+        r"""
+        Create a new, empty multiaddress.
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def with_capacity(n: builtins.int) -> Multiaddr:
+        r"""
+        Create a new, empty multiaddress with the given capacity.
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(bytes: bytes) -> Multiaddr:
+        r"""
+        Parse a `Multiaddr` value from its byte slice representation.
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_string(string: builtins.str) -> Multiaddr:
+        r"""
+        Parse a `Multiaddr` value from its string representation.
+        """
+    def len(self) -> builtins.int:
+        r"""
+        Return the length in bytes of this multiaddress.
+        """
+    def is_empty(self) -> builtins.bool:
+        r"""
+        Returns true if the length of this multiaddress is 0.
+        """
+    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        r"""
+        Return a copy of this [`Multiaddr`]'s byte representation.
+        """
+    def to_string(self) -> builtins.str:
+        r"""
+        Convert a Multiaddr to a string.
+        """

@typing.final
-class PySwarm:
-    def __new__(cls, identity: Keypair) -> PySwarm: ...
-    async def recv(self) -> PyMessage:
+class NetworkingHandle:
+    def __new__(cls, identity: Keypair) -> NetworkingHandle: ...
+    async def connection_update_recv(self) -> ConnectionUpdate:
        r"""
-        Receives the next message from networking.
+        Receives the next `ConnectionUpdate` from networking.
        """
-    async def gossipsub_subscribe(self, topic: builtins.str) -> None:
+    async def connection_update_recv_many(self, limit: builtins.int) -> builtins.list[ConnectionUpdate]:
+        r"""
+        Receives at most `limit` `ConnectionUpdate`s from networking and returns them.
+        
+        For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of `ConnectionUpdate`s will be returned immediately.
+        For `limit > 0`, if there are no `ConnectionUpdate`s in the channel's queue this method
+        will sleep until a `ConnectionUpdate`s is sent.
+        """
+    async def gossipsub_subscribe(self, topic: builtins.str) -> builtins.bool:
        r"""
        Subscribe to a `GossipSub` topic.
+        
+        Returns `True` if the subscription worked. Returns `False` if we were already subscribed.
        """
-    async def gossipsub_unsubscribe(self, topic: builtins.str) -> None:
+    async def gossipsub_unsubscribe(self, topic: builtins.str) -> builtins.bool:
        r"""
        Unsubscribes from a `GossipSub` topic.
        
@@ -87,6 +157,65 @@ class PySwarm:
        """
    async def gossipsub_publish(self, topic: builtins.str, data: bytes) -> None:
        r"""
-        Publishes a message to the network on a specific topic.
+        Publishes a message with multiple topics to the `GossipSub` network.
+        
+        If no peers are found that subscribe to this topic, throws `NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError` exception.
+        """
+    async def gossipsub_recv(self) -> tuple[builtins.str, bytes]:
+        r"""
+        Receives the next message from the `GossipSub` network.
+        """
+    async def gossipsub_recv_many(self, limit: builtins.int) -> builtins.list[tuple[builtins.str, bytes]]:
+        r"""
+        Receives at most `limit` messages from the `GossipSub` network and returns them.
+        
+        For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of messages will be returned immediately.
+        For `limit > 0`, if there are no messages in the channel's queue this method
+        will sleep until a message is sent.
        """

+@typing.final
+class NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError(builtins.Exception):
+    def __new__(cls, *args: typing.Any) -> NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
+
+@typing.final
+class PeerId:
+    r"""
+    Identifier of a peer of the network.
+    
+    The data is a `CIDv0` compatible multihash of the protobuf encoded public key of the peer
+    as specified in [specs/peer-ids](https://github.com/libp2p/specs/blob/master/peer-ids/peer-ids.md).
+    """
+    @staticmethod
+    def random() -> PeerId:
+        r"""
+        Generates a random peer ID from a cryptographically secure PRNG.
+        
+        This is useful for randomly walking on a DHT, or for testing purposes.
+        """
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(bytes: bytes) -> PeerId:
+        r"""
+        Parses a `PeerId` from bytes.
+        """
+    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        r"""
+        Returns a raw bytes representation of this `PeerId`.
+        """
+    def to_base58(self) -> builtins.str:
+        r"""
+        Returns a base-58 encoded string of this `PeerId`.
+        """
+    def __repr__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
+
+@typing.final
+class ConnectionUpdateType(enum.Enum):
+    r"""
+    Connection or disconnection event discriminant type.
+    """
+    Connected = ...
+    Disconnected = ...
+
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/allow_threading.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/allow_threading.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-//! See: <https://pyo3.rs/v0.27.2/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await>
+//! SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+//!
+
+use pin_project::pin_project;
+use pyo3::marker::Ungil;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use std::{
    future::Future,
@@ -6,17 +10,31 @@ use std::{
    task::{Context, Poll},
 };

-pub struct AllowThreads<F>(pub(crate) F);
+/// SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+#[pin_project]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct AllowThreads<F>(#[pin] F);
+
+impl<F> AllowThreads<F>
+where
+    Self: Future,
+{
+    pub fn new(f: F) -> Self {
+        Self(f)
+    }
+}

 impl<F> Future for AllowThreads<F>
 where
-    F: Future + Unpin + Send,
-    F::Output: Send,
+    F: Future + Ungil,
+    F::Output: Ungil,
 {
    type Output = F::Output;

-    fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        let waker = cx.waker();
-        Python::attach(|py| py.detach(|| pin!(&mut self.0).poll(&mut Context::from_waker(waker))))
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            py.allow_threads(|| self.project().0.poll(&mut Context::from_waker(waker)))
+        })
    }
 }
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/examples/mod.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/examples/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+//! This module exists to hold examples of some pyo3 patterns that may be too complex to
+//! re-create from scratch, but too inhomogenous to create an abstraction/wrapper around.
+//!
+//! Pattern examples include:
+//!  - Async task handles: with GC-integrated cleanup
+//!  - Sync/async callbacks from python: with propper eventloop handling
+//!
+//! Mutability pattern: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#send--static-constraint
+//!  - Store mutable fields in tokio's `Mutex<T>`
+//!  - For async code: take `&self` and `.lock().await`
+//!  - For sync code: take `&mut self` and `.get_mut()`
+
+use crate::ext::{PyResultExt as _, ResultExt as _, TokioRuntimeExt as _};
+use futures::FutureExt as _;
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use pyo3::exceptions::PyRuntimeError;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::{
+    Bound, Py, PyAny, PyErr, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit, Python, pyclass, pymethods,
+};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
+
+fn needs_tokio_runtime() {
+    tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
+}
+
+type SyncCallback = Box<dyn Fn() + Send + Sync>;
+type AsyncCallback = Box<dyn Fn() -> BoxFuture<'static, ()> + Send + Sync>;
+
+enum AsyncTaskMessage {
+    SyncCallback(SyncCallback),
+    AsyncCallback(AsyncCallback),
+}
+
+async fn async_task(
+    sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<()>,
+    mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<AsyncTaskMessage>,
+) {
+    log::info!("RUST: async task started");
+
+    // task state
+    let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
+
+    let mut sync_cbs: Vec<SyncCallback> = vec![];
+    let mut async_cbs: Vec<AsyncCallback> = vec![];
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            // handle incoming messages from task-handle
+            message = receiver.recv() => {
+                // handle closed channel by exiting
+                let Some(message) = message else {
+                    log::info!("RUST: channel closed");
+                    break;
+                };
+
+                // dispatch incoming event
+                match message {
+                    AsyncTaskMessage::SyncCallback(cb) => {
+                        sync_cbs.push(cb);
+                    }
+                    AsyncTaskMessage::AsyncCallback(cb) => {
+                        async_cbs.push(cb);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // handle all other events
+            _ = interval.tick() => {
+                log::info!("RUST: async task tick");
+
+                // call back all sync callbacks
+                for cb in &sync_cbs {
+                    cb();
+                }
+
+                // call back all async callbacks
+                for cb in &async_cbs {
+                    cb().await;
+                }
+
+                // send event on unbounded channel
+                sender.send(()).expect("handle receiver cannot be closed/dropped");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    log::info!("RUST: async task stopped");
+}
+
+// #[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "AsyncTaskHandle")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PyAsyncTaskHandle {
+    sender: Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage>>,
+    receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<()>,
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+impl PyAsyncTaskHandle {
+    const fn sender(&self) -> &mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage> {
+        self.sender
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
+    }
+
+    const fn sender_mut(&mut self) -> &mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage> {
+        self.sender
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
+    }
+
+    const fn new(
+        sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage>,
+        receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<()>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sender: Some(sender),
+            receiver,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// #[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyAsyncTaskHandle {
+    #[new]
+    fn py_new(py: Python<'_>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
+
+        // create communication channel TOWARDS our task
+        let (h_sender, t_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<AsyncTaskMessage>();
+
+        // create communication channel FROM our task
+        let (t_sender, h_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<()>();
+
+        // perform necessary setup within tokio context - or it crashes
+        let () = get_runtime().block_on(async { needs_tokio_runtime() });
+
+        // spawn tokio task with this thread's task-locals - without this, async callbacks on the new threads will not work!!
+        _ = get_runtime().spawn_with_scope(py, async move {
+            async_task(t_sender, t_receiver).await;
+        });
+        Ok(Self::new(h_sender, h_receiver))
+    }
+
+    /// NOTE: exceptions in callbacks are silently ignored until end of execution
+    fn add_sync_callback(
+        &self,
+        // #[gen_stub(override_type(
+        //     type_repr="collections.abc.Callable[[], None]",
+        //     imports=("collections.abc")
+        // ))]
+        callback: Py<PyAny>,
+    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+        // blocking call to async method -> can do non-blocking if needed
+        self.sender()
+            .send(AsyncTaskMessage::SyncCallback(Box::new(move || {
+                _ = Python::with_gil(|py| callback.call0(py).write_unraisable_with(py));
+            })))
+            .pyerr()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// NOTE: exceptions in callbacks are silently ignored until end of execution
+    fn add_async_callback(
+        &self,
+        // #[gen_stub(override_type(
+        //     type_repr="collections.abc.Callable[[], collections.abc.Awaitable[None]]",
+        //     imports=("collections.abc")
+        // ))]
+        callback: Py<PyAny>,
+    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+        // blocking call to async method -> can do non-blocking if needed
+        self.sender()
+            .send(AsyncTaskMessage::AsyncCallback(Box::new(move || {
+                let c = Python::with_gil(|py| callback.clone_ref(py));
+                async move {
+                    if let Some(f) = Python::with_gil(|py| {
+                        let coroutine = c.call0(py).write_unraisable_with(py)?;
+                        pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::into_future(coroutine.into_bound(py))
+                            .write_unraisable_with(py)
+                    }) {
+                        _ = f.await.write_unraisable();
+                    }
+                }
+                .boxed()
+            })))
+            .pyerr()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn receive_unit(&mut self) -> PyResult<()> {
+        self.receiver
+            .recv()
+            .await
+            .ok_or(PyErr::new::<PyRuntimeError, _>(
+                "cannot receive unit on closed channel",
+            ))
+    }
+
+    fn drain_units(&mut self) -> PyResult<i32> {
+        let mut cnt = 0;
+        loop {
+            match self.receiver.try_recv() {
+                Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => {
+                    return Err(PyErr::new::<PyRuntimeError, _>(
+                        "cannot receive unit on closed channel",
+                    ));
+                }
+                Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => return Ok(cnt),
+                Ok(()) => {
+                    cnt += 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    const fn __traverse__(&self, _visit: PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
+        Ok(()) // This is needed purely so `__clear__` can work
+    }
+
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __clear__(&mut self) {
+        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
+        //       to ensure that the networking task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
+        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
+        self.sender = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force `sender` channel to be dropped
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn examples_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<PyAsyncTaskHandle>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/ident.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/ident.rs
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-use crate::ext::ResultExt as _;
-use libp2p::identity::Keypair;
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods as _, PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
-use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
-use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, Python, pyclass, pymethods};
-use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
-
-/// Identity keypair of a node.
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(name = "Keypair", frozen)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PyKeypair(pub Keypair);
-
-#[gen_stub_pymethods]
-#[pymethods]
-#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
-impl PyKeypair {
-    /// Generate a new Ed25519 keypair.
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn generate() -> Self {
-        Self(Keypair::generate_ed25519())
-    }
-
-    /// Decode a private key from a protobuf structure and parse it as a `Keypair`.
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn deserialize(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Keypair::from_protobuf_encoding(&bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// Encode a private key as protobuf structure.
-    fn serialize<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
-        let bytes = self.0.to_protobuf_encoding().pyerr()?;
-        Ok(PyBytes::new(py, &bytes))
-    }
-
-    /// Convert the `Keypair` into the corresponding `PeerId`.
-    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-        self.0.public().to_peer_id().to_base58()
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn ident_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    m.add_class::<PyKeypair>()?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,28 @@
 //!
 //!

-mod allow_threading;
-mod ident;
-mod networking;
+// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
+#![feature(trait_alias)]
+#![feature(tuple_trait)]
+#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
+// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
+// #![feature(assert_matches)]
+// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
+// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
+// #![feature(auto_traits)]
+// #![feature(negative_impls)]
+
+extern crate core;
+mod allow_threading;
+mod examples;
+pub(crate) mod networking;
+pub(crate) mod pylibp2p;

-use crate::ident::ident_submodule;
 use crate::networking::networking_submodule;
+use crate::pylibp2p::ident::ident_submodule;
+use crate::pylibp2p::multiaddr::multiaddr_submodule;
 use pyo3::prelude::PyModule;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, pyclass, pymodule};
 use pyo3_stub_gen::define_stub_info_gatherer;

@@ -19,18 +34,35 @@ pub(crate) mod r#const {
    pub const MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 }

+/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
+pub(crate) mod alias {
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use std::marker::Tuple;
+
+    pub trait SendFn<Args: Tuple + Send + 'static, Output> =
+        Fn<Args, Output = Output> + Send + 'static;
+
+    pub type AnyError = Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
+    pub type AnyResult<T> = Result<T, AnyError>;
+}
+
 /// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
 pub(crate) mod ext {
    use crate::allow_threading::AllowThreads;
    use extend::ext;
-    use pyo3::exceptions::PyRuntimeError;
+    use pyo3::exceptions::{PyConnectionError, PyRuntimeError};
+    use pyo3::marker::Ungil;
    use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
-    use pyo3::{Py, PyResult, Python};
+    use pyo3::{Py, PyErr, PyResult, Python};
+    use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
+    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+    use tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
+    use tokio::task::JoinHandle;

    #[ext(pub, name = ByteArrayExt)]
    impl [u8] {
        fn pybytes(&self) -> Py<PyBytes> {
-            Python::attach(|py| PyBytes::new(py, self).unbind())
+            Python::with_gil(|py| PyBytes::new(py, self).unbind())
        }
    }

@@ -45,16 +77,120 @@ pub(crate) mod ext {
    }

    pub trait FutureExt: Future + Sized {
-        /// SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.27.2/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+        /// SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
        fn allow_threads_py(self) -> AllowThreads<Self>
        where
            AllowThreads<Self>: Future,
        {
-            AllowThreads(self)
+            AllowThreads::new(self)
        }
    }

    impl<T: Future> FutureExt for T {}
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = PyErrExt)]
+    impl PyErr {
+        fn receiver_channel_closed() -> Self {
+            PyConnectionError::new_err("Receiver channel closed unexpectedly")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = PyResultExt)]
+    impl<T> PyResult<T> {
+        fn write_unraisable(self) -> Option<T> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| self.write_unraisable_with(py))
+        }
+
+        fn write_unraisable_with(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Option<T> {
+            match self {
+                Ok(v) => Some(v),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    // write error back to python
+                    e.write_unraisable(py, None);
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = TokioRuntimeExt)]
+    impl Runtime {
+        fn spawn_with_scope<F>(&self, py: Python<'_>, future: F) -> PyResult<JoinHandle<F::Output>>
+        where
+            F: Future + Send + 'static,
+            F::Output: Send + 'static,
+        {
+            let locals = pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_current_locals(py)?;
+            Ok(self.spawn(pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::scope(locals, future)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = TokioMpscSenderExt)]
+    impl<T> mpsc::Sender<T> {
+        /// Sends a value, waiting until there is capacity.
+        ///
+        /// A successful send occurs when it is determined that the other end of the
+        /// channel has not hung up already. An unsuccessful send would be one where
+        /// the corresponding receiver has already been closed.
+        async fn send_py(&self, value: T) -> PyResult<()> {
+            self.send(value)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = TokioMpscReceiverExt)]
+    impl<T> mpsc::Receiver<T> {
+        /// Receives the next value for this receiver.
+        async fn recv_py(&mut self) -> PyResult<T> {
+            self.recv().await.ok_or_else(PyErr::receiver_channel_closed)
+        }
+
+        /// Receives at most `limit` values for this receiver and returns them.
+        ///
+        /// For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of messages will be returned immediately.
+        /// For `limit > 0`, if there are no messages in the channel's queue this method
+        /// will sleep until a message is sent.
+        async fn recv_many_py(&mut self, limit: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<T>> {
+            // get updates from receiver channel
+            let mut updates = Vec::with_capacity(limit);
+            let received = self.recv_many(&mut updates, limit).await;
+
+            // if we received zero items, then the channel was unexpectedly closed
+            if limit != 0 && received == 0 {
+                return Err(PyErr::receiver_channel_closed());
+            }
+
+            Ok(updates)
+        }
+
+        /// Tries to receive the next value for this receiver.
+        fn try_recv_py(&mut self) -> PyResult<Option<T>> {
+            match self.try_recv() {
+                Ok(v) => Ok(Some(v)),
+                Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => Ok(None),
+                Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => Err(PyErr::receiver_channel_closed()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) mod private {
+    use std::marker::Sized;
+
+    /// Sealed traits support
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
+}
+
+/// A wrapper around [`Py`] that implements [`Clone`] using [`Python::with_gil`].
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct ClonePy<T>(pub Py<T>);
+
+impl<T> Clone for ClonePy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| Self(self.0.clone_ref(py)))
+    }
 }

 /// A Python module implemented in Rust. The name of this function must match
@@ -65,9 +201,16 @@ fn main_module(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
    // install logger
    pyo3_log::init();

+    // TODO: for now this is all NOT a submodule, but figure out how to make the submodule system
+    //       work with maturin, where the types generate correctly, in the right folder, without
+    //       too many importing issues...
    ident_submodule(m)?;
+    multiaddr_submodule(m)?;
    networking_submodule(m)?;

+    // top-level constructs
+    // TODO: ...
+
    Ok(())
 }

--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/networking.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/networking.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,31 @@
+#![allow(
+    clippy::multiple_inherent_impl,
+    clippy::unnecessary_wraps,
+    clippy::unused_self,
+    clippy::needless_pass_by_value
+)]
+
 use crate::r#const::MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE;
-use crate::ext::ResultExt as _;
-use crate::ext::{ByteArrayExt as _, FutureExt as _};
-use crate::ident::PyKeypair;
-use crate::networking::exception::{PyAllQueuesFullError, PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError};
+use crate::ext::{ByteArrayExt as _, FutureExt, PyErrExt as _};
+use crate::ext::{ResultExt as _, TokioMpscReceiverExt as _, TokioMpscSenderExt as _};
 use crate::pyclass;
-use futures_lite::FutureExt as _;
-use networking::swarm::{FromSwarm, Swarm, ToSwarm};
-use pyo3::coroutine::CancelHandle;
-use pyo3::exceptions::{PyConnectionError, PyRuntimeError};
-use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use crate::pylibp2p::ident::{PyKeypair, PyPeerId};
+use libp2p::futures::StreamExt as _;
+use libp2p::gossipsub::{IdentTopic, Message, MessageId, PublishError};
+use libp2p::swarm::SwarmEvent;
+use libp2p::{gossipsub, mdns};
+use networking::discovery;
+use networking::swarm::create_swarm;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
 use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
-use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
-use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pyclass_complex_enum, gen_stub_pymethods};
-use std::pin::pin;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc};
+use pyo3::{Bound, Py, PyErr, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit, Python, pymethods};
+use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pyclass_enum, gen_stub_pymethods};
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc, oneshot};

 mod exception {
    use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
-    use pyo3::{exceptions::PyException, prelude::*};
+    use pyo3::{PyErrArguments, exceptions::PyException, prelude::*};
    use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::*;

    #[gen_stub_pyclass]
@@ -42,11 +49,16 @@ mod exception {
    #[pymethods]
    impl PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError {
        #[new]
-        #[pyo3(signature = (*_a))]
-        pub(crate) fn new(_a: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> Self {
+        #[pyo3(signature = (*args))]
+        #[allow(unused_variables)]
+        pub(crate) fn new(args: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> Self {
            Self {}
        }

+        fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+            format!("PeerId(\"{}\")", Self::MSG)
+        }
+
        fn __str__(&self) -> String {
            Self::MSG.to_string()
        }
@@ -72,179 +84,489 @@ mod exception {
    #[pymethods]
    impl PyAllQueuesFullError {
        #[new]
-        #[pyo3(signature = (*_a))]
-        pub(crate) fn new(_a: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> Self {
+        #[pyo3(signature = (*args))]
+        #[allow(unused_variables)]
+        pub(crate) fn new(args: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> Self {
            Self {}
        }

+        fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+            format!("PeerId(\"{}\")", Self::MSG)
+        }
+
        fn __str__(&self) -> String {
            Self::MSG.to_string()
        }
    }
 }

-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass]
-struct PySwarm {
-    swarm: Arc<Mutex<Swarm>>,
-    from_swarm: Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<FromSwarm>>,
-    to_swarm: Mutex<mpsc::Sender<ToSwarm>>,
+/// Connection or disconnection event discriminant type.
+#[gen_stub_pyclass_enum]
+#[pyclass(eq, eq_int, name = "ConnectionUpdateType")]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+enum PyConnectionUpdateType {
+    Connected = 0,
+    Disconnected,
 }

-#[gen_stub_pyclass_complex_enum]
-#[pyclass]
-pub enum PyMessage {
-    Connection {
-        node_id: String,
-        connected: bool,
-    },
-    Gossip {
-        node_id: String,
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(frozen, name = "ConnectionUpdate")]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct PyConnectionUpdate {
+    /// Whether this is a connection or disconnection event
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    update_type: PyConnectionUpdateType,
+
+    /// Identity of the peer that we have connected to or disconnected from.
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    peer_id: PyPeerId,
+
+    /// Remote connection's IPv4 address.
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    remote_ipv4: String,
+
+    /// Remote connection's TCP port.
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    remote_tcp_port: u16,
+}
+
+enum ToTask {
+    GossipsubSubscribe {
        topic: String,
-        data: Py<PyBytes>,
+        result_tx: oneshot::Sender<PyResult<bool>>,
+    },
+    GossipsubUnsubscribe {
+        topic: String,
+        result_tx: oneshot::Sender<bool>,
+    },
+    GossipsubPublish {
+        topic: String,
+        data: Vec<u8>,
+        result_tx: oneshot::Sender<PyResult<MessageId>>,
    },
 }
-impl TryFrom<FromSwarm> for PyMessage {
-    type Error = PyErr;
-    fn try_from(value: FromSwarm) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        match value {
-            FromSwarm::Discovered(nid) => Ok(PyMessage::Connection {
-                node_id: nid.to_base58(),
-                connected: true,
-            }),
-            FromSwarm::Expired(nid) => Ok(PyMessage::Connection {
-                node_id: nid.to_base58(),
-                connected: false,
-            }),
-            FromSwarm::Message(nid, topic, data) => Ok(PyMessage::Gossip {
-                node_id: nid.to_base58(),
-                topic,
-                data: data.pybytes(),
-            }),
-            FromSwarm::PublishError(e) => match e {
-                libp2p::gossipsub::PublishError::NoPeersSubscribedToTopic => {
-                    Err(PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError::new_err())
+
+#[allow(clippy::enum_glob_use)]
+async fn networking_task(
+    mut swarm: networking::swarm::Swarm,
+    mut to_task_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ToTask>,
+    connection_update_tx: mpsc::Sender<PyConnectionUpdate>,
+    gossipsub_message_tx: mpsc::Sender<(String, Vec<u8>)>,
+) {
+    use SwarmEvent::*;
+    use ToTask::*;
+    use mdns::Event::*;
+    use networking::swarm::BehaviourEvent::*;
+
+    log::info!("RUST: networking task started");
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            message = to_task_rx.recv() => {
+                // handle closed channel
+                let Some(message) = message else {
+                    log::info!("RUST: channel closed");
+                    break;
+                };
+
+                // dispatch incoming messages
+                match message {
+                    GossipsubSubscribe { topic, result_tx } => {
+                        // try to subscribe
+                        let result = swarm.behaviour_mut()
+                            .gossipsub.subscribe(&IdentTopic::new(topic));
+
+                        // send response oneshot
+                        if let Err(e) = result_tx.send(result.pyerr()) {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not subscribe to gossipsub topic since channel already closed: {e:?}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    GossipsubUnsubscribe { topic, result_tx } => {
+                        // try to unsubscribe from the topic
+                        let result = swarm.behaviour_mut()
+                            .gossipsub.unsubscribe(&IdentTopic::new(topic));
+
+                        // send response oneshot (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = result_tx.send(result) {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not unsubscribe from gossipsub topic since channel already closed: {e:?}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    GossipsubPublish { topic, data, result_tx } => {
+                        // try to publish the data -> catch NoPeersSubscribedToTopic error & convert to correct exception
+                        let result = swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.publish(
+                            IdentTopic::new(topic), data);
+                        let pyresult: PyResult<MessageId> = if let Err(PublishError::NoPeersSubscribedToTopic) = result {
+                            Err(exception::PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError::new_err())
+                        } else if let Err(PublishError::AllQueuesFull(_)) = result {
+                            Err(exception::PyAllQueuesFullError::new_err())
+                        } else {
+                            result.pyerr()
+                        };
+
+                        // send response oneshot (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = result_tx.send(pyresult) {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not publish gossipsub message since channel already closed: {e:?}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
                }
-                libp2p::gossipsub::PublishError::AllQueuesFull(_) => {
-                    Err(PyAllQueuesFullError::new_err())
+            }
+
+            // architectural solution to this problem:
+            // create keep_alive behavior who's job it is to dial peers discovered by mDNS (and drop when expired)
+            //   -> it will emmit TRUE connected/disconnected events consumable elsewhere
+            //
+            // gossipsub will feed off-of dial attempts created by networking, and that will bootstrap its' peers list
+            // then for actual communication it will dial those peers if need-be
+            swarm_event = swarm.select_next_some() => {
+                match swarm_event {
+                    Behaviour(Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
+                        message: Message {
+                            topic,
+                            data,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                        ..
+                    })) => {
+                        // topic-ID is just the topic hash!!! (since we used identity hasher)
+                        let message = (topic.into_string(), data);
+
+                        // send incoming message to channel (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = gossipsub_message_tx.send(message).await {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not send incoming gossipsub message since channel already closed: {e}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Behaviour(Discovery(discovery::Event::ConnectionEstablished { peer_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port, .. })) => {
+                        // grab IPv4 string
+                        let remote_ipv4 = match remote_ip {
+                            IpAddr::V4(ip) => ip.to_string(),
+                            IpAddr::V6(ip) => {
+                                log::warn!("RUST: ignoring connection to IPv6 address: {ip}");
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // send connection event to channel (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = connection_update_tx.send(PyConnectionUpdate {
+                            update_type: PyConnectionUpdateType::Connected,
+                            peer_id: PyPeerId(peer_id),
+                            remote_ipv4,
+                            remote_tcp_port,
+                        }).await {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not send connection update since channel already closed: {e}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Behaviour(Discovery(discovery::Event::ConnectionClosed { peer_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port, .. })) => {
+                        // grab IPv4 string
+                        let remote_ipv4 = match remote_ip {
+                            IpAddr::V4(ip) => ip.to_string(),
+                            IpAddr::V6(ip) => {
+                                log::warn!("RUST: ignoring disconnection from IPv6 address: {ip}");
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // send disconnection event to channel (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = connection_update_tx.send(PyConnectionUpdate {
+                            update_type: PyConnectionUpdateType::Disconnected,
+                            peer_id: PyPeerId(peer_id),
+                            remote_ipv4,
+                            remote_tcp_port,
+                        }).await {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not send connection update since channel already closed: {e}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    e => {
+                        log::info!("RUST: other event {e:?}");
+                    }
                }
-                e => Err(PyRuntimeError::new_err(e.to_string())),
-            },
+            }
        }
    }
+
+    log::info!("RUST: networking task stopped");
+}
+
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "NetworkingHandle")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PyNetworkingHandle {
+    // channels
+    to_task_tx: Option<mpsc::Sender<ToTask>>,
+    connection_update_rx: Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<PyConnectionUpdate>>,
+    gossipsub_message_rx: Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<(String, Vec<u8>)>>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for PyNetworkingHandle {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
+        //       to ensure that the networking task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
+        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
+        self.to_task_tx = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force channel to be dropped
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+impl PyNetworkingHandle {
+    fn new(
+        to_task_tx: mpsc::Sender<ToTask>,
+        connection_update_rx: mpsc::Receiver<PyConnectionUpdate>,
+        gossipsub_message_rx: mpsc::Receiver<(String, Vec<u8>)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            to_task_tx: Some(to_task_tx),
+            connection_update_rx: Mutex::new(connection_update_rx),
+            gossipsub_message_rx: Mutex::new(gossipsub_message_rx),
+        }
+    }
+
+    const fn to_task_tx(&self) -> &mpsc::Sender<ToTask> {
+        self.to_task_tx
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
+    }
 }

 #[gen_stub_pymethods]
 #[pymethods]
-impl PySwarm {
+impl PyNetworkingHandle {
+    // NOTE: `async fn`s here that use `.await` will wrap the future in `.allow_threads_py()`
+    //       immediately beforehand to release the interpreter.
+    //       SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+
+    // ---- Lifecycle management methods ----
+
    #[new]
    fn py_new(identity: Bound<'_, PyKeypair>) -> PyResult<Self> {
        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;

+        // create communication channels
+        let (to_task_tx, to_task_rx) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+        let (connection_update_tx, connection_update_rx) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+        let (gossipsub_message_tx, gossipsub_message_rx) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+
        // get identity
        let identity = identity.borrow().0.clone();

-        let (to_swarm, from_client) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
-        let (to_client, from_swarm) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
        // create networking swarm (within tokio context!! or it crashes)
        let swarm = get_runtime()
-            .block_on(async { Swarm::new(identity, from_client, to_client) })
+            .block_on(async { create_swarm(identity) })
            .pyerr()?;

-        Ok(Self {
-            swarm: Arc::new(Mutex::new(swarm)),
-            from_swarm: Mutex::new(from_swarm),
-            to_swarm: Mutex::new(to_swarm),
-        })
+        // spawn tokio task running the networking logic
+        get_runtime().spawn(async move {
+            networking_task(
+                swarm,
+                to_task_rx,
+                connection_update_tx,
+                gossipsub_message_tx,
+            )
+            .await;
+        });
+        Ok(Self::new(
+            to_task_tx,
+            connection_update_rx,
+            gossipsub_message_rx,
+        ))
    }

    #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    async fn run(&self, #[pyo3(cancel_handle)] mut cancel: CancelHandle) -> PyResult<()> {
-        let copy = Arc::clone(&self.swarm);
-        let jh = get_runtime().spawn(async move {
-            copy.try_lock()
-                .expect("tried to run swarm twice")
-                .run()
-                .await
-        });
-        jh.or(async {
-            cancel.cancelled().await;
-            Ok(())
-        })
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| PyRuntimeError::new_err(e.to_string()))
+    const fn __traverse__(&self, _visit: PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
+        Ok(()) // This is needed purely so `__clear__` can work
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __clear__(&mut self) {
+        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
+        //       to ensure that the networking task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
+        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
+        self.to_task_tx = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force channel to be dropped
    }

    // ---- Connection update receiver methods ----

-    /// Receives the next message from networking.
-    async fn recv(&self) -> PyResult<PyMessage> {
-        let msg = pin!(
-            self.from_swarm
-                .try_lock()
-                .expect("called recv concurrently")
-                .recv()
-        )
-        .allow_threads_py()
-        .await;
-        match msg {
-            None => Err(PyConnectionError::new_err("swarm closed")),
-            Some(msg) => msg.try_into(),
-        }
+    /// Receives the next `ConnectionUpdate` from networking.
+    async fn connection_update_recv(&self) -> PyResult<PyConnectionUpdate> {
+        self.connection_update_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_py()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
    }

+    /// Receives at most `limit` `ConnectionUpdate`s from networking and returns them.
+    ///
+    /// For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of `ConnectionUpdate`s will be returned immediately.
+    /// For `limit > 0`, if there are no `ConnectionUpdate`s in the channel's queue this method
+    /// will sleep until a `ConnectionUpdate`s is sent.
+    async fn connection_update_recv_many(&self, limit: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<PyConnectionUpdate>> {
+        self.connection_update_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_many_py(limit)
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+    }
+
+    // TODO: rn this blocks main thread if anything else is awaiting the channel (bc its a mutex)
+    //       so its too dangerous to expose just yet. figure out a better semantics for handling this,
+    //       so things don't randomly block
+    // /// Tries to receive the next `ConnectionUpdate` from networking.
+    // fn connection_update_try_recv(&self) -> PyResult<Option<PyConnectionUpdate>> {
+    //     self.connection_update_rx.blocking_lock().try_recv_py()
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Checks if the `ConnectionUpdate` channel is empty.
+    // fn connection_update_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    //     self.connection_update_rx.blocking_lock().is_empty()
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Returns the number of `ConnectionUpdate`s in the channel.
+    // fn connection_update_len(&self) -> usize {
+    //     self.connection_update_rx.blocking_lock().len()
+    // }
+
+    // ---- Gossipsub management methods ----
+
    /// Subscribe to a `GossipSub` topic.
-    async fn gossipsub_subscribe(&self, topic: String) -> PyResult<()> {
+    ///
+    /// Returns `True` if the subscription worked. Returns `False` if we were already subscribed.
+    async fn gossipsub_subscribe(&self, topic: String) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
        // send off request to subscribe
-        pin!(
-            self.to_swarm
-                .try_lock()
-                .expect("called send concurrently")
-                .send(ToSwarm::Subscribe(topic))
-        )
-        .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
-        .await
-        .map_err(|_| PyConnectionError::new_err("swarm closed"))
+        self.to_task_tx()
+            .send_py(ToTask::GossipsubSubscribe {
+                topic,
+                result_tx: tx,
+            })
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?;
+
+        // wait for response & return any errors
+        rx.allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())?
    }

    /// Unsubscribes from a `GossipSub` topic.
    ///
    /// Returns `True` if we were subscribed to this topic. Returns `False` if we were not subscribed.
-    async fn gossipsub_unsubscribe(&self, topic: String) -> PyResult<()> {
+    async fn gossipsub_unsubscribe(&self, topic: String) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
        // send off request to unsubscribe
-        pin!(
-            self.to_swarm
-                .try_lock()
-                .expect("called send concurrently")
-                .send(ToSwarm::Unsubscribe(topic))
-        )
-        .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
-        .await
-        .map_err(|_| PyConnectionError::new_err("swarm closed"))
+        self.to_task_tx()
+            .send_py(ToTask::GossipsubUnsubscribe {
+                topic,
+                result_tx: tx,
+            })
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?;
+
+        // wait for response & convert any errors
+        rx.allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())
    }

-    /// Publishes a message to the network on a specific topic.
+    /// Publishes a message with multiple topics to the `GossipSub` network.
+    ///
+    /// If no peers are found that subscribe to this topic, throws `NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError` exception.
    async fn gossipsub_publish(&self, topic: String, data: Py<PyBytes>) -> PyResult<()> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
        // send off request to subscribe
-        let data = Python::attach(|py| Vec::from(data.as_bytes(py)));
-        pin!(
-            self.to_swarm
-                .try_lock()
-                .expect("called send concurrently")
-                .send(ToSwarm::Message(topic, data))
-        )
-        .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
-        .await
-        .map_err(|_| PyConnectionError::new_err("swarm closed"))
+        let data = Python::with_gil(|py| Vec::from(data.as_bytes(py)));
+        self.to_task_tx()
+            .send_py(ToTask::GossipsubPublish {
+                topic,
+                data,
+                result_tx: tx,
+            })
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?;
+
+        // wait for response & return any errors => ignore messageID for now!!!
+        let _ = rx
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())??;
+        Ok(())
    }
+
+    // ---- Gossipsub message receiver methods ----
+
+    /// Receives the next message from the `GossipSub` network.
+    async fn gossipsub_recv(&self) -> PyResult<(String, Py<PyBytes>)> {
+        self.gossipsub_message_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_py()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map(|(t, d)| (t, d.pybytes()))
+    }
+
+    /// Receives at most `limit` messages from the `GossipSub` network and returns them.
+    ///
+    /// For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of messages will be returned immediately.
+    /// For `limit > 0`, if there are no messages in the channel's queue this method
+    /// will sleep until a message is sent.
+    async fn gossipsub_recv_many(&self, limit: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<(String, Py<PyBytes>)>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .gossipsub_message_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_many_py(limit)
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(t, d)| (t, d.pybytes()))
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    // TODO: rn this blocks main thread if anything else is awaiting the channel (bc its a mutex)
+    //       so its too dangerous to expose just yet. figure out a better semantics for handling this,
+    //       so things don't randomly block
+    // /// Tries to receive the next message from the `GossipSub` network.
+    // fn gossipsub_try_recv(&self) -> PyResult<Option<(String, Py<PyBytes>)>> {
+    //     Ok(self
+    //         .gossipsub_message_rx
+    //         .blocking_lock()
+    //         .try_recv_py()?
+    //         .map(|(t, d)| (t, d.pybytes())))
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Checks if the `GossipSub` message channel is empty.
+    // fn gossipsub_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    //     self.gossipsub_message_rx.blocking_lock().is_empty()
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Returns the number of `GossipSub` messages in the channel.
+    // fn gossipsub_len(&self) -> usize {
+    //     self.gossipsub_message_rx.blocking_lock().len()
+    // }
 }

 pub fn networking_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
    m.add_class::<exception::PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError>()?;
    m.add_class::<exception::PyAllQueuesFullError>()?;

-    m.add_class::<PySwarm>()?;
-    m.add_class::<PyMessage>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdateType>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdate>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdateType>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyNetworkingHandle>()?;

    Ok(())
 }
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+use crate::ext::ResultExt as _;
+use libp2p::PeerId;
+use libp2p::identity::Keypair;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods as _, PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, Python, pyclass, pymethods};
+use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
+
+/// Identity keypair of a node.
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "Keypair", frozen)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PyKeypair(pub Keypair);
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+impl PyKeypair {
+    /// Generate a new Ed25519 keypair.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn generate_ed25519() -> Self {
+        Self(Keypair::generate_ed25519())
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a new ECDSA keypair.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn generate_ecdsa() -> Self {
+        Self(Keypair::generate_ecdsa())
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a new Secp256k1 keypair.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn generate_secp256k1() -> Self {
+        Self(Keypair::generate_secp256k1())
+    }
+
+    /// Decode a private key from a protobuf structure and parse it as a `Keypair`.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_protobuf_encoding(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::from_protobuf_encoding(&bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Decode an keypair from a DER-encoded secret key in PKCS#8 `PrivateKeyInfo`
+    /// format (i.e. unencrypted) as defined in [RFC5208].
+    ///
+    /// [RFC5208]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5208#section-5
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn rsa_from_pkcs8(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::rsa_from_pkcs8(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Decode a keypair from a DER-encoded Secp256k1 secret key in an `ECPrivateKey`
+    /// structure as defined in [RFC5915].
+    ///
+    /// [RFC5915]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5915
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn secp256k1_from_der(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::secp256k1_from_der(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn ed25519_from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::ed25519_from_bytes(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Encode a private key as protobuf structure.
+    fn to_protobuf_encoding<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
+        let bytes = self.0.to_protobuf_encoding().pyerr()?;
+        Ok(PyBytes::new(py, &bytes))
+    }
+
+    /// Convert the `Keypair` into the corresponding `PeerId`.
+    fn to_peer_id(&self) -> PyPeerId {
+        PyPeerId(self.0.public().to_peer_id())
+    }
+
+    // /// Hidden constructor for pickling support. TODO: figure out how to do pickling...
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // #[new]
+    // fn py_new(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+    //     Self::from_protobuf_encoding(bytes)
+    // }
+    //
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // fn __setstate__(&mut self, state: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    //     *self = Self::from_protobuf_encoding(state)?;
+    //     Ok(())
+    // }
+    //
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // fn __getstate__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
+    //     self.to_protobuf_encoding(py)
+    // }
+    //
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // pub fn __getnewargs__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<(Bound<'py, PyBytes>,)> {
+    //     Ok((self.to_protobuf_encoding(py)?,))
+    // }
+}
+
+/// Identifier of a peer of the network.
+///
+/// The data is a `CIDv0` compatible multihash of the protobuf encoded public key of the peer
+/// as specified in [specs/peer-ids](https://github.com/libp2p/specs/blob/master/peer-ids/peer-ids.md).
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "PeerId", frozen)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PyPeerId(pub PeerId);
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+impl PyPeerId {
+    /// Generates a random peer ID from a cryptographically secure PRNG.
+    ///
+    /// This is useful for randomly walking on a DHT, or for testing purposes.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn random() -> Self {
+        Self(PeerId::random())
+    }
+
+    /// Parses a `PeerId` from bytes.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(PeerId::from_bytes(&bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a raw bytes representation of this `PeerId`.
+    fn to_bytes<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> Bound<'py, PyBytes> {
+        let bytes = self.0.to_bytes();
+        PyBytes::new(py, &bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a base-58 encoded string of this `PeerId`.
+    fn to_base58(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.to_base58()
+    }
+
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        format!("PeerId({})", self.to_base58())
+    }
+
+    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
+        self.to_base58()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn ident_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<PyKeypair>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyPeerId>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//! A module for exposing Rust's libp2p datatypes over Pyo3
+//!
+//! TODO: right now we are coupled to libp2p's identity, but eventually we want to create our own
+//!       independent identity type of some kind or another. This may require handshaking.
+//!
+
+pub mod ident;
+pub mod multiaddr;
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::ext::ResultExt as _;
+use libp2p::Multiaddr;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods as _, PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, Python, pyclass, pymethods};
+use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
+use std::str::FromStr as _;
+
+/// Representation of a Multiaddr.
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "Multiaddr", frozen)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PyMultiaddr(pub Multiaddr);
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+impl PyMultiaddr {
+    /// Create a new, empty multiaddress.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self(Multiaddr::empty())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new, empty multiaddress with the given capacity.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn with_capacity(n: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(Multiaddr::with_capacity(n))
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `Multiaddr` value from its byte slice representation.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Multiaddr::try_from(bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `Multiaddr` value from its string representation.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_string(string: String) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Ok(Self(Multiaddr::from_str(&string).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Return the length in bytes of this multiaddress.
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the length of this multiaddress is 0.
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Return a copy of this [`Multiaddr`]'s byte representation.
+    fn to_bytes<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> Bound<'py, PyBytes> {
+        let bytes = self.0.to_vec();
+        PyBytes::new(py, &bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert a Multiaddr to a string.
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.to_string()
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Multiaddr({})", self.0)
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
+        self.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn multiaddr_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<PyMultiaddr>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/networking/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/networking/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,14 +19,21 @@ either = { workspace = true }
 # macro dependencies
 extend = { workspace = true }
 delegate = { workspace = true }
+impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
+derive_more = { workspace = true }

 # async
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
-futures-lite = { workspace = true }
+futures = { workspace = true }
 futures-timer = { workspace = true }

 # utility dependencies
 util = { workspace = true }
+thiserror = { workspace = true }
+#internment = { workspace = true }
+#recursion = { workspace = true }
+#generativity = { workspace = true }
+#itertools = { workspace = true }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.19", features = ["default", "env-filter"] }
 keccak-const = { workspace = true }

@@ -34,4 +41,4 @@ keccak-const = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }

 # networking
-libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
+libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
--- a/rust/networking/examples/chatroom.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/examples/chatroom.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use libp2p::identity;
-use networking::swarm::{FromSwarm, Swarm, ToSwarm};
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use futures::stream::StreamExt as _;
+use libp2p::{gossipsub, identity, swarm::SwarmEvent};
+use networking::{discovery, swarm};
 use tokio::{io, io::AsyncBufReadExt as _, select};
 use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 use tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter;
@@ -11,50 +11,60 @@ async fn main() {
        .with_env_filter(EnvFilter::from_default_env().add_directive(LevelFilter::INFO.into()))
        .try_init();

-    let (to_swarm, from_client) = mpsc::channel(20);
-    let (to_client, mut from_swarm) = mpsc::channel(20);
    // Configure swarm
-    let mut swarm = Swarm::new(
-        identity::Keypair::generate_ed25519(),
-        from_client,
-        to_client,
-    )
-    .expect("Swarm creation failed");
+    let mut swarm =
+        swarm::create_swarm(identity::Keypair::generate_ed25519()).expect("Swarm creation failed");

    // Create a Gossipsub topic & subscribe
-    _ = to_swarm
-        .send(ToSwarm::Subscribe("test-net".to_owned()))
-        .await;
+    let topic = gossipsub::IdentTopic::new("test-net");
+    swarm
+        .behaviour_mut()
+        .gossipsub
+        .subscribe(&topic)
+        .expect("Subscribing to topic failed");

    // Read full lines from stdin
    let mut stdin = io::BufReader::new(io::stdin()).lines();
    println!("Enter messages via STDIN and they will be sent to connected peers using Gossipsub");

-    tokio::task::spawn(async move { swarm.run().await });
-
    // Kick it off
    loop {
        select! {
            // on gossipsub outgoing
            Ok(Some(line)) = stdin.next_line() => {
-                _= to_swarm.send(ToSwarm::Message("test-net".to_owned(), line.into_bytes())).await;
-            }
-            event = from_swarm.recv() => match event {
-                // on gossipsub incoming
-                Some(FromSwarm::Message(pid, topic, content)) => {
-                    assert_eq!(topic, "test-net");
-                    let fmt = String::from_utf8_lossy(&content);
-                    println!("{pid}: {fmt}");
+                if let Err(e) = swarm
+                    .behaviour_mut().gossipsub
+                    .publish(topic.clone(), line.as_bytes()) {
+                    println!("Publish error: {e:?}");
                }
+            }
+            event = swarm.select_next_some() => match event {
+                // on gossipsub incoming
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(swarm::BehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
+                    propagation_source: peer_id,
+                    message_id: id,
+                    message,
+                })) => println!(
+                        "\n\nGot message: '{}' with id: {id} from peer: {peer_id}\n\n",
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&message.data),
+                    ),

                // on discovery
-                Some(FromSwarm::Discovered(pid)) => {
-                        eprintln!("\n\nConnected to: {pid}\n\n");
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(swarm::BehaviourEvent::Discovery(e)) => match e {
+                    discovery::Event::ConnectionEstablished {
+                        peer_id, connection_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port
+                    } => {
+                        println!("\n\nConnected to: {peer_id}; connection ID: {connection_id}; remote IP: {remote_ip}; remote TCP port: {remote_tcp_port}\n\n");
+                    }
+                    discovery::Event::ConnectionClosed {
+                        peer_id, connection_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port
+                    } => {
+                        eprintln!("\n\nDisconnected from: {peer_id}; connection ID: {connection_id}; remote IP: {remote_ip}; remote TCP port: {remote_tcp_port}\n\n");
                    }
-                Some(FromSwarm::Expired(pid)) => {
-                        eprintln!("\n\nDisconnected from: {pid}\n\n");
                }
-                None => break,
+
+                // ignore outgoing errors: those are normal
+                e@SwarmEvent::OutgoingConnectionError { .. } => { log::debug!("Outgoing connection error: {e:?}"); }

                // otherwise log any other event
                e => { log::info!("Other event {e:?}"); }
--- a/rust/networking/examples/chatroom_manual.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/examples/chatroom_manual.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+use futures::stream::StreamExt;
+use libp2p::{
+    gossipsub, mdns, noise,
+    swarm::{NetworkBehaviour, SwarmEvent},
+    tcp, yamux,
+};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::{error::Error, hash::Hash};
+use tokio::{io, io::AsyncBufReadExt, select};
+use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
+
+// We create a custom network behaviour that combines Gossipsub and Mdns.
+#[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]
+struct MyBehaviour {
+    gossipsub: gossipsub::Behaviour,
+    mdns: mdns::tokio::Behaviour,
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let _ = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .try_init();
+
+    let mut swarm = libp2p::SwarmBuilder::with_new_identity()
+        .with_tokio()
+        .with_tcp(
+            tcp::Config::default(),
+            noise::Config::new,
+            yamux::Config::default,
+        )?
+        .with_behaviour(|key| {
+            // Set a custom gossipsub configuration
+            let gossipsub_config = gossipsub::ConfigBuilder::default()
+                .heartbeat_interval(Duration::from_secs(10))
+                .validation_mode(gossipsub::ValidationMode::Strict) // This sets the kind of message validation. The default is Strict (enforce message signing)
+                .build()
+                .map_err(io::Error::other)?; // Temporary hack because `build` does not return a proper `std::error::Error`.
+
+            // build a gossipsub network behaviour
+            let gossipsub = gossipsub::Behaviour::new(
+                gossipsub::MessageAuthenticity::Signed(key.clone()),
+                gossipsub_config,
+            )?;
+
+            let mdns =
+                mdns::tokio::Behaviour::new(mdns::Config::default(), key.public().to_peer_id())?;
+            Ok(MyBehaviour { gossipsub, mdns })
+        })?
+        .build();
+
+    println!("Running swarm with identity {}", swarm.local_peer_id());
+
+    // Create a Gossipsub topic
+    let topic = gossipsub::IdentTopic::new("test-net");
+    // subscribes to our topic
+    swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.subscribe(&topic)?;
+
+    // Read full lines from stdin
+    let mut stdin = io::BufReader::new(io::stdin()).lines();
+
+    // Listen on all interfaces and whatever port the OS assigns
+    swarm.listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse()?)?;
+
+    println!("Enter messages via STDIN and they will be sent to connected peers using Gossipsub");
+
+    // Kick it off
+    loop {
+        select! {
+            Ok(Some(line)) = stdin.next_line() => {
+                if let Err(e) = swarm
+                    .behaviour_mut().gossipsub
+                    .publish(topic.clone(), line.as_bytes()) {
+                    println!("Publish error: {e:?}");
+                }
+            }
+            event = swarm.select_next_some() => match event {
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(MyBehaviourEvent::Mdns(mdns::Event::Discovered(list))) => {
+                    for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
+                        println!("mDNS discovered a new peer: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
+                        swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.add_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
+                    }
+                },
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(MyBehaviourEvent::Mdns(mdns::Event::Expired(list))) => {
+                    for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
+                        println!("mDNS discover peer has expired: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
+                        swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.remove_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
+                    }
+                },
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(MyBehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
+                    propagation_source: peer_id,
+                    message_id: id,
+                    message,
+                })) => println!(
+                        "Got message: '{}' with id: {id} from peer: {peer_id}",
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&message.data),
+                    ),
+                SwarmEvent::NewListenAddr { address, .. } => {
+                    println!("Local node is listening on {address}");
+                }
+                e => {
+                    println!("Other swarm event: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/discovery.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/discovery.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 use crate::ext::MultiaddrExt;
+use crate::keep_alive;
 use delegate::delegate;
 use either::Either;
+use futures::FutureExt;
 use futures_timer::Delay;
 use libp2p::core::transport::PortUse;
 use libp2p::core::{ConnectedPoint, Endpoint};
-use libp2p::futures::FutureExt;
 use libp2p::swarm::behaviour::ConnectionEstablished;
 use libp2p::swarm::dial_opts::DialOpts;
 use libp2p::swarm::{
--- a/rust/networking/src/keep_alive.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/keep_alive.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use delegate::delegate;
+use libp2p::swarm::handler::ConnectionEvent;
+use libp2p::swarm::{ConnectionHandlerEvent, SubstreamProtocol, dummy, handler};
+use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+
+/// An implementation of [`ConnectionHandler`] that doesn't handle any protocols, but it keeps
+/// the connection alive.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct ConnectionHandler(dummy::ConnectionHandler);
+
+impl ConnectionHandler {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        ConnectionHandler(dummy::ConnectionHandler)
+    }
+}
+
+impl handler::ConnectionHandler for ConnectionHandler {
+    // delegate types and implementation mostly to dummy handler
+    type FromBehaviour = <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::FromBehaviour;
+    type ToBehaviour = <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::ToBehaviour;
+    type InboundProtocol =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::InboundProtocol;
+    type OutboundProtocol =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::OutboundProtocol;
+    type InboundOpenInfo =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::InboundOpenInfo;
+    type OutboundOpenInfo =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::OutboundOpenInfo;
+
+    delegate! {
+        to self.0 {
+            fn listen_protocol(&self) -> SubstreamProtocol<Self::InboundProtocol, Self::InboundOpenInfo>;
+            fn poll(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<ConnectionHandlerEvent<Self::OutboundProtocol, Self::OutboundOpenInfo, Self::ToBehaviour>>;
+            fn on_behaviour_event(&mut self, event: Self::FromBehaviour);
+            fn on_connection_event(&mut self, event: ConnectionEvent<Self::InboundProtocol, Self::OutboundProtocol, Self::InboundOpenInfo, Self::OutboundOpenInfo>);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // specifically override this to force connection to stay alive
+    fn connection_keep_alive(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,18 @@
 //!
 //!

+// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
+#![feature(trait_alias)]
+// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
+// #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
+// #![feature(assert_matches)]
+// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
+// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
+// #![feature(auto_traits)]
+// #![feature(negative_impls)]
+
 pub mod discovery;
+pub mod keep_alive;
 pub mod swarm;

 /// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
@@ -43,3 +54,11 @@ pub(crate) mod ext {
        }
    }
 }
+
+pub(crate) mod private {
+    #![allow(dead_code)]
+
+    /// Sealed traits support
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/swarm.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/swarm.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,9 @@
 use crate::alias;
-use crate::discovery;
 use crate::swarm::transport::tcp_transport;
-use behaviour::{Behaviour, BehaviourEvent};
-use futures_lite::StreamExt;
-use libp2p::{PeerId, SwarmBuilder, gossipsub, identity, swarm::SwarmEvent};
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+pub use behaviour::{Behaviour, BehaviourEvent};
+use libp2p::{SwarmBuilder, identity};

-pub struct Swarm {
-    swarm: libp2p::Swarm<Behaviour>,
-    from_client: mpsc::Receiver<ToSwarm>,
-    to_client: mpsc::Sender<FromSwarm>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum FromSwarm {
-    PublishError(gossipsub::PublishError),
-    Discovered(PeerId),
-    Expired(PeerId),
-    Message(PeerId, String, Vec<u8>),
-}
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum ToSwarm {
-    Message(String, Vec<u8>),
-    Subscribe(String),
-    Unsubscribe(String),
-}
+pub type Swarm = libp2p::Swarm<Behaviour>;

 /// The current version of the network: this prevents devices running different versions of the
 /// software from interacting with each other.
@@ -36,142 +15,23 @@ pub enum ToSwarm {
 pub const NETWORK_VERSION: &[u8] = b"v0.0.1";
 pub const OVERRIDE_VERSION_ENV_VAR: &str = "EXO_LIBP2P_NAMESPACE";

-impl Swarm {
-    /// Create and configure a swarm which listens to all ports on OS
-    pub fn new(
-        keypair: identity::Keypair,
-        from_client: mpsc::Receiver<ToSwarm>,
-        to_client: mpsc::Sender<FromSwarm>,
-    ) -> alias::AnyResult<Swarm> {
-        let mut swarm = SwarmBuilder::with_existing_identity(keypair)
-            .with_tokio()
-            .with_other_transport(tcp_transport)?
-            .with_behaviour(Behaviour::new)?
-            .build();
+/// Create and configure a swarm which listens to all ports on OS
+pub fn create_swarm(keypair: identity::Keypair) -> alias::AnyResult<Swarm> {
+    let mut swarm = SwarmBuilder::with_existing_identity(keypair)
+        .with_tokio()
+        .with_other_transport(tcp_transport)?
+        .with_behaviour(Behaviour::new)?
+        .build();

-        // Listen on all interfaces and whatever port the OS assigns
-        swarm.listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse()?)?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            swarm,
-            from_client,
-            to_client,
-        })
-    }
-    pub async fn run(&mut self) {
-        log::info!("RUST: networking task started");
-
-        loop {
-            tokio::select! {
-                message = self.from_client.recv() => {
-                    // handle closed channel
-                    let Some(message) = message else {
-                        log::info!("RUST: channel closed");
-                        break;
-                    };
-
-                    // dispatch incoming messages
-                    match message {
-                        ToSwarm::Subscribe(topic) => {
-                            // try to subscribe
-                            match self.swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.subscribe(&gossipsub::IdentTopic::new(topic.clone())) {
-                                    Err(e) => {
-                                        let gossipsub::SubscriptionError::PublishError(e) = e else {
-                                            unreachable!("topic filter used")
-                                        };
-                                        let Ok(()) = self.to_client.send(FromSwarm::PublishError(e)).await else {
-                                            log::warn!("RUST: client connection closed");
-                                            break
-                                        };
-                                    },
-                                    Ok(false) => log::warn!("RUST: tried to subscribe to topic twice"),
-                                    Ok(true) => {},
-                                }
-                        }
-                        ToSwarm::Unsubscribe(topic) => {
-                            // try to subscribe
-                            if !self.swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.unsubscribe(&gossipsub::IdentTopic::new(topic)) {
-                                log::warn!("RUST: tried to unsubscribe from topic twice");
-                            }
-                        }
-                        ToSwarm::Message( topic, data ) => {
-                            // try to publish the data -> catch NoPeersSubscribedToTopic error & convert to correct exception
-                            match self.swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.publish(
-                                gossipsub::IdentTopic::new(topic), data
-                            ) {
-                                Ok(_) => {},
-                                Err(e) => {
-                                    let Ok(()) = self.to_client.send(FromSwarm::PublishError(e)).await else {
-                                        log::warn!("RUST: client connection closed");
-                                        break
-                                    };
-                                },
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // architectural solution to this problem:
-                // create keep_alive behavior who's job it is to dial peers discovered by mDNS (and drop when expired)
-                //   -> it will emmit TRUE connected/disconnected events consumable elsewhere
-                //
-                // gossipsub will feed off-of dial attempts created by networking, and that will bootstrap its' peers list
-                // then for actual communication it will dial those peers if need-be
-                swarm_event = self.swarm.next() => {
-                    let Some(swarm_event) = swarm_event else {
-                        log::warn!("RUST: swarm closed communication");
-                        break
-                    };
-                    let SwarmEvent::Behaviour(behaviour_event) = swarm_event else {
-                        continue
-                    };
-                    match behaviour_event {
-                        BehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
-                            message: gossipsub::Message {
-                                source,
-                                topic,
-                                data,
-                                ..
-                            },
-                            ..
-                        }) => {
-                            let Some(peer_id) = source else {
-                                log::warn!("RUST: ignoring message with unknown source on {topic}");
-                                continue;
-                            };
-                            // send incoming message to channel (or exit if connection closed)
-                            if let Err(e) = self.to_client.send(FromSwarm::Message(peer_id, topic.into_string(), data)).await {
-                                log::warn!("RUST: could not send incoming gossipsub message since channel already closed: {e}");
-                                break
-                            };
-                        },
-                        BehaviourEvent::Discovery(discovery::Event::ConnectionEstablished { peer_id, .. }) => {
-                            // send connection event to channel (or exit if connection closed)
-                            if let Err(_) = self.to_client.send(FromSwarm::Discovered(peer_id)).await {
-                                log::warn!("RUST: swarm closed communication");
-                            };
-                        },
-                        BehaviourEvent::Discovery(discovery::Event::ConnectionClosed { peer_id, .. }) => {
-                            // send connection event to channel (or exit if connection closed)
-                            if let Err(_) = self.to_client.send(FromSwarm::Expired(peer_id)).await {
-                                log::warn!("RUST: swarm closed communication");
-                            };
-                        },
-                        e => {
-                            log::debug!("RUST: other event {e:?}");
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        log::info!("RUST: networking task stopped");
-    }
+    // Listen on all interfaces and whatever port the OS assigns
+    swarm.listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse()?)?;
+    Ok(swarm)
 }

 mod transport {
    use crate::alias;
    use crate::swarm::{NETWORK_VERSION, OVERRIDE_VERSION_ENV_VAR};
-    use futures_lite::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
+    use futures::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
    use keccak_const::Sha3_256;
    use libp2p::core::muxing;
    use libp2p::core::transport::Boxed;
--- a/src/exo/download/coordinator.py
+++ b/src/exo/download/coordinator.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from exo.download.download_utils import (
    map_repo_download_progress_to_download_progress_data,
 )
 from exo.download.shard_downloader import ShardDownloader
-from exo.shared.constants import EXO_MODELS_DIR
 from exo.shared.models.model_cards import ModelId
 from exo.shared.types.commands import (
    CancelDownload,
@@ -64,9 +63,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
        self.event_sender, self.event_receiver = channel[Event]()
        self.shard_downloader.on_progress(self._download_progress_callback)

-    def _model_dir(self, model_id: ModelId) -> str:
-        return str(EXO_MODELS_DIR / model_id.normalize())
-
    async def _download_progress_callback(
        self, callback_shard: ShardMetadata, progress: RepoDownloadProgress
    ) -> None:
@@ -78,7 +74,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                shard_metadata=callback_shard,
                node_id=self.node_id,
                total_bytes=progress.total_bytes,
-                model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
            )
            self.download_status[model_id] = completed
            await self.event_sender.send(
@@ -98,7 +93,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                download_progress=map_repo_download_progress_to_download_progress_data(
                    progress
                ),
-                model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
            )
            self.download_status[model_id] = ongoing
            await self.event_sender.send(
@@ -176,11 +170,7 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                return

        # Emit pending status
-        progress = DownloadPending(
-            shard_metadata=shard,
-            node_id=self.node_id,
-            model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
-        )
+        progress = DownloadPending(shard_metadata=shard, node_id=self.node_id)
        self.download_status[model_id] = progress
        await self.event_sender.send(NodeDownloadProgress(download_progress=progress))

@@ -194,7 +184,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                shard_metadata=shard,
                node_id=self.node_id,
                total_bytes=initial_progress.total_bytes,
-                model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
            )
            self.download_status[model_id] = completed
            await self.event_sender.send(
@@ -217,7 +206,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
            download_progress=map_repo_download_progress_to_download_progress_data(
                initial_progress
            ),
-            model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
        )
        self.download_status[model_id] = status
        self.event_sender.send_nowait(NodeDownloadProgress(download_progress=status))
@@ -231,7 +219,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                    shard_metadata=shard,
                    node_id=self.node_id,
                    error_message=str(e),
-                    model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
                )
                self.download_status[model_id] = failed
                await self.event_sender.send(
@@ -266,7 +253,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
            pending = DownloadPending(
                shard_metadata=current_status.shard_metadata,
                node_id=self.node_id,
-                model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
            )
            await self.event_sender.send(
                NodeDownloadProgress(download_progress=pending)
@@ -309,18 +295,11 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                            node_id=self.node_id,
                            shard_metadata=progress.shard,
                            total_bytes=progress.total_bytes,
-                            model_directory=self._model_dir(
-                                progress.shard.model_card.model_id
-                            ),
                        )
                    elif progress.status in ["in_progress", "not_started"]:
                        if progress.downloaded_bytes_this_session.in_bytes == 0:
                            status = DownloadPending(
-                                node_id=self.node_id,
-                                shard_metadata=progress.shard,
-                                model_directory=self._model_dir(
-                                    progress.shard.model_card.model_id
-                                ),
+                                node_id=self.node_id, shard_metadata=progress.shard
                            )
                        else:
                            status = DownloadOngoing(
@@ -329,9 +308,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
                                download_progress=map_repo_download_progress_to_download_progress_data(
                                    progress
                                ),
-                                model_directory=self._model_dir(
-                                    progress.shard.model_card.model_id
-                                ),
                            )
                    else:
                        continue
--- a/src/exo/main.py
+++ b/src/exo/main.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Node:
    @classmethod
    async def create(cls, args: "Args") -> "Self":
        keypair = get_node_id_keypair()
-        node_id = NodeId(keypair.to_string())
+        node_id = NodeId(keypair.to_peer_id().to_base58())
        session_id = SessionId(master_node_id=node_id, election_clock=0)
        router = Router.create(keypair)
        await router.register_topic(topics.GLOBAL_EVENTS)
@@ -136,8 +136,6 @@ class Node:

    async def run(self):
        async with self._tg as tg:
-            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())
-            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())
            tg.start_soon(self.router.run)
            tg.start_soon(self.election.run)
            if self.download_coordinator:
@@ -149,6 +147,8 @@ class Node:
            if self.api:
                tg.start_soon(self.api.run)
            tg.start_soon(self._elect_loop)
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())

    def shutdown(self):
        # if this is our second call to shutdown, just sys.exit
--- a/src/exo/master/adapters/responses.py
+++ b/src/exo/master/adapters/responses.py
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ async def collect_responses_response(
            for tool in chunk.tool_calls:
                function_call_items.append(
                    ResponseFunctionCallItem(
-                        id=tool.id,
-                        call_id=tool.id,
+                        id=f"fc_{tool.id}",
+                        call_id=f"call_{tool.id}",
                        name=tool.name,
                        arguments=tool.arguments,
                    )
--- a/src/exo/master/tests/test_master.py
+++ b/src/exo/master/tests/test_master.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from exo.utils.channels import channel
@pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_master():
    keypair = get_node_id_keypair()
-    node_id = NodeId(keypair.to_string())
+    node_id = NodeId(keypair.to_peer_id().to_base58())
    session_id = SessionId(master_node_id=node_id, election_clock=0)

    ge_sender, global_event_receiver = channel[ForwarderEvent]()
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ async def test_master():
    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
        tg.start_soon(master.run)

-        sender_node_id = NodeId(f"{keypair.to_string()}_sender")
+        sender_node_id = NodeId(f"{keypair.to_peer_id().to_base58()}_sender")
        # inject a NodeGatheredInfo event
        logger.info("inject a NodeGatheredInfo event")
        await local_event_sender.send(
--- a/src/exo/routing/connection_message.py
+++ b/src/exo/routing/connection_message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+from exo_pyo3_bindings import ConnectionUpdate, ConnectionUpdateType
+
+from exo.shared.types.common import NodeId
+from exo.utils.pydantic_ext import CamelCaseModel
+
+"""Serialisable types for Connection Updates/Messages"""
+
+
+class ConnectionMessageType(Enum):
+    Connected = 0
+    Disconnected = 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_update_type(update_type: ConnectionUpdateType):
+        match update_type:
+            case ConnectionUpdateType.Connected:
+                return ConnectionMessageType.Connected
+            case ConnectionUpdateType.Disconnected:
+                return ConnectionMessageType.Disconnected
+
+
+class ConnectionMessage(CamelCaseModel):
+    node_id: NodeId
+    connection_type: ConnectionMessageType
+    remote_ipv4: str
+    remote_tcp_port: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_update(cls, update: ConnectionUpdate) -> "ConnectionMessage":
+        return cls(
+            node_id=NodeId(update.peer_id.to_base58()),
+            connection_type=ConnectionMessageType.from_update_type(update.update_type),
+            remote_ipv4=update.remote_ipv4,
+            remote_tcp_port=update.remote_tcp_port,
+        )
--- a/src/exo/routing/router.py
+++ b/src/exo/routing/router.py
@@ -16,19 +16,17 @@ from anyio.abc import TaskGroup
 from exo_pyo3_bindings import (
    AllQueuesFullError,
    Keypair,
+    NetworkingHandle,
    NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError,
-    PyMessage,
-    PySwarm,
 )
 from filelock import FileLock
 from loguru import logger

 from exo.shared.constants import EXO_NODE_ID_KEYPAIR
-from exo.shared.election import ConnectionMessage
-from exo.shared.types.common import NodeId
 from exo.utils.channels import Receiver, Sender, channel
 from exo.utils.pydantic_ext import CamelCaseModel

+from .connection_message import ConnectionMessage
 from .topics import CONNECTION_MESSAGES, PublishPolicy, TypedTopic


@@ -104,13 +102,13 @@ class TopicRouter[T: CamelCaseModel]:
 class Router:
    @classmethod
    def create(cls, identity: Keypair) -> "Router":
-        return cls(handle=PySwarm(identity))
+        return cls(handle=NetworkingHandle(identity))

-    def __init__(self, handle: PySwarm):
+    def __init__(self, handle: NetworkingHandle):
        self.topic_routers: dict[str, TopicRouter[CamelCaseModel]] = {}
        send, recv = channel[tuple[str, bytes]]()
        self.networking_receiver: Receiver[tuple[str, bytes]] = recv
-        self._net = handle
+        self._net: NetworkingHandle = handle
        self._tmp_networking_sender: Sender[tuple[str, bytes]] | None = send
        self._id_count = count()
        self._tg: TaskGroup | None = None
@@ -156,6 +154,7 @@ class Router:
                    router = self.topic_routers[topic]
                    tg.start_soon(router.run)
                tg.start_soon(self._networking_recv)
+                tg.start_soon(self._networking_recv_connection_messages)
                tg.start_soon(self._networking_publish)
                # Router only shuts down if you cancel it.
                await sleep_forever()
@@ -180,44 +179,38 @@ class Router:

    async def _networking_recv(self):
        while True:
-            try:
-                msg = await self._net.recv()
-            except NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError:
-                continue
-            except AllQueuesFullError:
-                logger.warning("All peer queues full, messages have been lost")
+            topic, data = await self._net.gossipsub_recv()
+            logger.trace(f"Received message on {topic} with payload {data}")
+            if topic not in self.topic_routers:
+                logger.warning(f"Received message on unknown or inactive topic {topic}")
                continue

-            match msg:
-                case PyMessage.Connection():
-                    if CONNECTION_MESSAGES.topic in self.topic_routers:
-                        router = self.topic_routers[CONNECTION_MESSAGES.topic]
-                        assert router.topic.model_type == ConnectionMessage
-                        router = cast(TopicRouter[ConnectionMessage], router)
-                        await router.publish(
-                            ConnectionMessage(
-                                node_id=NodeId(msg.node_id), connected=msg.connected
-                            )
-                        )
-                case PyMessage.Gossip():
-                    if msg.topic not in self.topic_routers:
-                        logger.warning(
-                            f"Received message on unknown or inactive topic {msg.topic}"
-                        )
-                        continue
-                    logger.trace(
-                        f"Received message on {msg.topic} with payload {msg.data}"
-                    )
-                    router = self.topic_routers[msg.topic]
-                    await router.publish_bytes(msg.data)
-                case _:
-                    raise ValueError("net recv returned something impossible")
+            router = self.topic_routers[topic]
+            await router.publish_bytes(data)
+
+    async def _networking_recv_connection_messages(self):
+        while True:
+            update = await self._net.connection_update_recv()
+            message = ConnectionMessage.from_update(update)
+            logger.trace(
+                f"Received message on connection_messages with payload {message}"
+            )
+            if CONNECTION_MESSAGES.topic in self.topic_routers:
+                router = self.topic_routers[CONNECTION_MESSAGES.topic]
+                assert router.topic.model_type == ConnectionMessage
+                router = cast(TopicRouter[ConnectionMessage], router)
+                await router.publish(message)

    async def _networking_publish(self):
        with self.networking_receiver as networked_items:
            async for topic, data in networked_items:
-                logger.trace(f"Sending message on {topic} with payload {data}")
-                await self._net.gossipsub_publish(topic, data)
+                try:
+                    logger.trace(f"Sending message on {topic} with payload {data}")
+                    await self._net.gossipsub_publish(topic, data)
+                except NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError:
+                    pass
+                except AllQueuesFullError:
+                    logger.warning(f"All peer queues full, dropping message on {topic}")


 def get_node_id_keypair(
@@ -228,7 +221,7 @@ def get_node_id_keypair(
    Obtain the :class:`PeerId` by from it.
    """
    # TODO(evan): bring back node id persistence once we figure out how to deal with duplicates
-    return Keypair.generate()
+    return Keypair.generate_ed25519()

    def lock_path(path: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]) -> Path:
        return Path(str(path) + ".lock")
@@ -242,12 +235,12 @@ def get_node_id_keypair(
                protobuf_encoded = f.read()

                try:  # if decoded successfully, save & return
-                    return Keypair.deserialize(protobuf_encoded)
+                    return Keypair.from_protobuf_encoding(protobuf_encoded)
                except ValueError as e:  # on runtime error, assume corrupt file
                    logger.warning(f"Encountered error when trying to get keypair: {e}")

        # if no valid credentials, create new ones and persist
        with open(path, "w+b") as f:
-            keypair = Keypair.generate()
-            f.write(keypair.serialize())
+            keypair = Keypair.generate_ed25519()
+            f.write(keypair.to_protobuf_encoding())
            return keypair
--- a/src/exo/routing/topics.py
+++ b/src/exo/routing/topics.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum

-from exo.shared.election import ConnectionMessage, ElectionMessage
+from exo.routing.connection_message import ConnectionMessage
+from exo.shared.election import ElectionMessage
 from exo.shared.types.commands import ForwarderCommand, ForwarderDownloadCommand
 from exo.shared.types.events import (
    ForwarderEvent,
--- a/src/exo/shared/apply.py
+++ b/src/exo/shared/apply.py
@@ -218,6 +218,11 @@ def apply_node_timed_out(event: NodeTimedOut, state: State) -> State:
        key: value for key, value in state.downloads.items() if key != event.node_id
    }
    # Clean up all granular node mappings
+    node_identities = {
+        key: value
+        for key, value in state.node_identities.items()
+        if key != event.node_id
+    }
    node_memory = {
        key: value for key, value in state.node_memory.items() if key != event.node_id
    }
@@ -258,6 +263,7 @@ def apply_node_timed_out(event: NodeTimedOut, state: State) -> State:
            "downloads": downloads,
            "topology": topology,
            "last_seen": last_seen,
+            "node_identities": node_identities,
            "node_memory": node_memory,
            "node_disk": node_disk,
            "node_system": node_system,
--- a/src/exo/shared/election.py
+++ b/src/exo/shared/election.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from anyio import (
 from anyio.abc import TaskGroup
 from loguru import logger

+from exo.routing.connection_message import ConnectionMessage
 from exo.shared.types.commands import ForwarderCommand
 from exo.shared.types.common import NodeId, SessionId
 from exo.utils.channels import Receiver, Sender
@@ -18,11 +19,6 @@ from exo.utils.pydantic_ext import CamelCaseModel
 DEFAULT_ELECTION_TIMEOUT = 3.0


-class ConnectionMessage(CamelCaseModel):
-    node_id: NodeId
-    connected: bool
-
-
 class ElectionMessage(CamelCaseModel):
    clock: int
    seniority: int
--- a/src/exo/shared/tests/test_election.py
+++ b/src/exo/shared/tests/test_election.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 from anyio import create_task_group, fail_after, move_on_after

-from exo.routing.router import ConnectionMessage
+from exo.routing.connection_message import ConnectionMessage, ConnectionMessageType
 from exo.shared.election import Election, ElectionMessage, ElectionResult
 from exo.shared.types.commands import ForwarderCommand, TestCommand
 from exo.shared.types.common import NodeId, SessionId
@@ -330,7 +330,9 @@ async def test_connection_message_triggers_new_round_broadcast() -> None:
            await cm_tx.send(
                ConnectionMessage(
                    node_id=NodeId(),
-                    connected=True,
+                    connection_type=ConnectionMessageType.Connected,
+                    remote_ipv4="",
+                    remote_tcp_port=0,
                )
            )

--- a/src/exo/shared/tests/test_node_id_persistence.py
+++ b/src/exo/shared/tests/test_node_id_persistence.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def _get_keypair_concurrent_subprocess_task(
    sem.release()
    # wait to be told to begin simultaneous read
    ev.wait()
-    queue.put(get_node_id_keypair().serialize())
+    queue.put(get_node_id_keypair().to_protobuf_encoding())


 def _get_keypair_concurrent(num_procs: int) -> bytes:
--- a/src/exo/shared/types/worker/downloads.py
+++ b/src/exo/shared/types/worker/downloads.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ class DownloadProgressData(CamelCaseModel):
 class BaseDownloadProgress(TaggedModel):
    node_id: NodeId
    shard_metadata: ShardMetadata
-    model_directory: str = ""


 class DownloadPending(BaseDownloadProgress):
--- a/src/exo/utils/banner.py
+++ b/src/exo/utils/banner.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-import sys
-
-
 def print_startup_banner(port: int) -> None:
+    """Print a prominent startup banner with API endpoint information."""
    dashboard_url = f"http://localhost:{port}"
    banner = f"""
 ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
@@ -29,4 +27,4 @@ def print_startup_banner(port: int) -> None:

 """

-    print(banner, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(banner)
--- a/src/exo/utils/info_gatherer/info_gatherer.py
+++ b/src/exo/utils/info_gatherer/info_gatherer.py
@@ -388,6 +388,12 @@ class InfoGatherer:
            if IS_DARWIN:
                if (macmon_path := shutil.which("macmon")) is not None:
                    tg.start_soon(self._monitor_macmon, macmon_path)
+                else:
+                    # macmon not installed — fall back to psutil for memory
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "macmon not found, falling back to psutil for memory monitoring"
+                    )
+                    self.memory_poll_rate = 1
                tg.start_soon(self._monitor_system_profiler_thunderbolt_data)
                tg.start_soon(self._monitor_thunderbolt_bridge_status)
                tg.start_soon(self._monitor_rdma_ctl_status)
--- a/src/exo/worker/engines/mlx/generator/generate.py
+++ b/src/exo/worker/engines/mlx/generator/generate.py
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ def mlx_generate(
    max_stop_len = max((len(s) for s in stop_sequences), default=0)

    mx_barrier(group)
-    logger.info("Starting prefill")
+    logger.info("Ready to prefill")

    # Prefill cache with all tokens except the last one
    prefill_tps, prefill_tokens, ssm_snapshots_list = prefill(
--- a/src/exo/worker/engines/mlx/utils_mlx.py
+++ b/src/exo/worker/engines/mlx/utils_mlx.py
@@ -353,13 +353,7 @@ def load_tokenizer_for_model_id(
            return list(hf_tokenizer.model.encode(text, allowed_special="all"))  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType,reportUnknownArgumentType]

        hf_tokenizer.encode = _patched_encode
-        return TokenizerWrapper(
-            hf_tokenizer,
-            eos_token_ids=eos_token_ids,
-            tool_call_start="<|tool_calls_section_begin|>",
-            tool_call_end="<|tool_calls_section_end|>",
-            tool_parser=_parse_kimi_tool_calls,
-        )
+        return TokenizerWrapper(hf_tokenizer, eos_token_ids=eos_token_ids)

    tokenizer = load_tokenizer(
        model_path,
@@ -591,41 +585,3 @@ def mx_barrier(group: Group | None):
            mx.array(1.0), group=group, stream=mx.default_stream(mx.Device(mx.cpu))
        )
    )
-
-
-def _parse_kimi_tool_calls(text: str):
-    import regex as re
-
-    # kimi has a fixed function naming scheme, with a json formatted arg
-    #   functions.multiply:0<|tool_call_argument_begin|>{"a": 2, "b": 3}
-    _func_name_regex = re.compile(
-        r"^\s*((?:functions\.)?(.+?):\d+)\s*<\|tool_call_argument_begin\|>", re.DOTALL
-    )
-    _func_arg_regex = re.compile(r"<\|tool_call_argument_begin\|>\s*(.*)\s*", re.DOTALL)
-    _tool_call_split_regex = re.compile(
-        r"<\|tool_call_begin\|>(.*?)<\|tool_call_end\|>", re.DOTALL
-    )
-
-    def _parse_single_tool(text: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        func_name_match = _func_name_regex.search(text)
-        if func_name_match is None:
-            raise ValueError("No tool call found.")
-        tool_call_id = func_name_match.group(1)  # e.g. "functions.get_weather:0"
-        func_name = func_name_match.group(2)  # e.g. "get_weather"
-
-        func_args_match = _func_arg_regex.search(text)
-        if func_args_match is None:
-            raise ValueError("No tool call arguments found.")
-        func_args = func_args_match.group(1)
-        try:
-            arg_dct = json.loads(func_args)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-        except Exception:
-            arg_dct = None
-
-        return dict(id=tool_call_id, name=func_name, arguments=arg_dct)
-
-    tool_matches = _tool_call_split_regex.findall(text)
-    if tool_matches:
-        return [_parse_single_tool(match) for match in tool_matches]  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-    else:
-        return [_parse_single_tool(text)]
--- a/src/exo/worker/runner/runner.py
+++ b/src/exo/worker/runner/runner.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import base64
+import json
 import math
 import resource
 import time
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from functools import cache
-from typing import Literal
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal

 import mlx.core as mx
 from mlx_lm.models.gpt_oss import Model as GptOssModel
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ from openai_harmony import (  # pyright: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
    StreamableParser,
    load_harmony_encoding,
 )
+from pydantic import ValidationError

 from exo.shared.constants import EXO_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE, EXO_TRACING_ENABLED
 from exo.shared.models.model_cards import ModelId, ModelTask
@@ -91,8 +93,6 @@ from exo.worker.engines.mlx.utils_mlx import (
 )
 from exo.worker.runner.bootstrap import logger

-from .tool_parsers import ToolParser, make_mlx_parser
-

 def _is_primary_output_node(shard_metadata: ShardMetadata) -> bool:
    """Check if this node is the primary output node for image generation.
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@ def main(
    inference_model: Model | None = None
    image_model: DistributedImageModel | None = None
    tokenizer = None
-    tool_parser: ToolParser | None = None
    group = None
    kv_prefix_cache: KVPrefixCache | None = None
    check_for_cancel_every: int | None = None
@@ -204,17 +203,8 @@ def main(
                            bound_instance, group, on_timeout=on_model_load_timeout
                        )
                        logger.info(
-                            f"model has_tool_calling={tokenizer.has_tool_calling} using tokens {tokenizer.tool_call_start}, {tokenizer.tool_call_end}"
+                            f"model has_tool_calling={tokenizer.has_tool_calling}"
                        )
-                        if tokenizer.has_tool_calling:
-                            assert tokenizer.tool_call_start
-                            assert tokenizer.tool_call_end
-                            assert tokenizer.tool_parser  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-                            tool_parser = make_mlx_parser(
-                                tokenizer.tool_call_start,
-                                tokenizer.tool_call_end,
-                                tokenizer.tool_parser,  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-                            )
                        kv_prefix_cache = KVPrefixCache(group)

                    elif (
@@ -320,11 +310,31 @@ def main(
                                mlx_generator, tokenizer
                            )

+                        # Kimi-K2 has tool call sections - we don't care about them
+                        if "kimi" in shard_metadata.model_card.model_id.lower():
+                            mlx_generator = filter_kimi_tokens(mlx_generator)
+                            patch_kimi_tokenizer(tokenizer)
+
+                        # GLM models need patched parser (upstream has bug with None regex match)
+                        elif "glm" in shard_metadata.model_card.model_id.lower():
+                            patch_glm_tokenizer(tokenizer)
+
                        # GPT-OSS specific parsing to match other model formats.
-                        if isinstance(inference_model, GptOssModel):
+                        elif isinstance(inference_model, GptOssModel):
                            mlx_generator = parse_gpt_oss(mlx_generator)
-                        elif tool_parser:
-                            mlx_generator = parse_tool_calls(mlx_generator, tool_parser)
+
+                        if tokenizer.has_tool_calling and not isinstance(
+                            inference_model, GptOssModel
+                        ):
+                            assert tokenizer.tool_call_start
+                            assert tokenizer.tool_call_end
+                            assert tokenizer.tool_parser  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                            mlx_generator = parse_tool_calls(
+                                mlx_generator,
+                                tokenizer.tool_call_start,
+                                tokenizer.tool_call_end,
+                                tokenizer.tool_parser,  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                            )

                        completion_tokens = 0
                        tokens_since_last_cancel_check = 0
@@ -577,8 +587,21 @@ def get_gpt_oss_encoding():
    return encoding


+def filter_kimi_tokens(
+    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse],
+) -> Generator[GenerationResponse]:
+    for resp in responses:
+        assert isinstance(resp, GenerationResponse)
+        if (
+            resp.text == "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>"
+            or resp.text == "<|tool_calls_section_end|>"
+        ):
+            continue
+        yield resp
+
+
 def parse_gpt_oss(
-    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse],
+    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse],
 ) -> Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse]:
    encoding = get_gpt_oss_encoding()
    stream = StreamableParser(encoding, role=Role.ASSISTANT)
@@ -635,9 +658,9 @@ def parse_gpt_oss(


 def parse_thinking_models(
-    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse],
+    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse],
    tokenizer: TokenizerWrapper,
-) -> Generator[GenerationResponse]:
+) -> Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse]:
    """
    For models that inject thinking tags in the prompt (like GLM-4.7),
    prepend the thinking tag to the output stream so the frontend
@@ -758,55 +781,221 @@ def _process_image_response(


 def parse_tool_calls(
-    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse], tool_parser: ToolParser
+    responses: Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse],
+    tool_call_start: str,
+    tool_call_end: str,
+    tool_parser: Callable[[str], dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]]],
 ) -> Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse]:
    in_tool_call = False
    tool_call_text_parts: list[str] = []
    for response in responses:
-        if response.text.startswith(tool_parser.start_parsing):
+        assert isinstance(response, GenerationResponse)
+        # assumption: the tool call start is one token
+        if response.text == tool_call_start:
            in_tool_call = True
-
-        if in_tool_call:
-            tool_call_text_parts.append(response.text)
-            if response.text.endswith(tool_parser.end_parsing):
-                # parse the actual tool calls from the tool call text
-                parsed = tool_parser.parse_tool_calls(
-                    "".join(tool_call_text_parts).strip()
-                )
+            continue
+        # assumption: the tool call end is one token
+        if in_tool_call and response.text == tool_call_end:
+            try:
+                # tool_parser returns an arbitrarily nested python dictionary
+                # we actually don't want the python dictionary, we just want to
+                # parse the top level { function: ..., arguments: ... } structure
+                # as we're just gonna hand it back to the api anyway
+                parsed = tool_parser("".join(tool_call_text_parts).strip())
                logger.info(f"parsed {tool_call_text_parts=} into {parsed=}")
-                if parsed is not None:
-                    yield ToolCallResponse(
-                        tool_calls=parsed, usage=response.usage, stats=response.stats
-                    )
+                if isinstance(parsed, list):
+                    tools = [_validate_single_tool(tool) for tool in parsed]
                else:
-                    logger.warning(
-                        f"tool call parsing failed for text {''.join(tool_call_text_parts)}"
-                    )
-                    response.text = "".join(tool_call_text_parts)
-                    yield response
-
-                in_tool_call = False
-                tool_call_text_parts = []
-                continue
-
-            if response.finish_reason is not None:
-                logger.info(
-                    "tool call parsing interrupted, yield partial tool call as text"
+                    tools = [_validate_single_tool(parsed)]
+                yield ToolCallResponse(
+                    tool_calls=tools, usage=response.usage, stats=response.stats
                )
-                response = response.model_copy(
-                    update={
-                        "text": "".join(tool_call_text_parts),
-                        "token": 0,
-                    }
+
+            except (
+                json.JSONDecodeError,
+                ValidationError,
+                ValueError,
+                AttributeError,
+            ) as e:
+                # ValueError: our parsers raise this for malformed tool calls
+                # AttributeError: upstream parsers (e.g. glm47) may raise this when regex doesn't match
+                logger.opt(exception=e).warning("tool call parsing failed")
+                # assumption: talking about tool calls, not making a tool call
+                response.text = (
+                    tool_call_start + "".join(tool_call_text_parts) + tool_call_end
                )
                yield response

+            in_tool_call = False
+            tool_call_text_parts = []
            continue

+        if in_tool_call:
+            tool_call_text_parts.append(response.text)
+            if response.finish_reason is not None:
+                logger.info(
+                    "toll call parsing interrupted, yield partial tool call as text"
+                )
+                yield GenerationResponse(
+                    text=tool_call_start + "".join(tool_call_text_parts),
+                    token=0,
+                    finish_reason=response.finish_reason,
+                    usage=response.usage,
+                    stats=response.stats,
+                )
+            continue
        # fallthrough
        yield response


+def patch_kimi_tokenizer(tokenizer: TokenizerWrapper):
+    """
+    Version of to-be-upstreamed kimi-k2 tool parser
+    """
+    import ast
+    import json
+    from typing import Any
+
+    import regex as re
+
+    # kimi has a fixed function naming scheme, with a json formatted arg
+    #   functions.multiply:0 <|tool_call_argument_begin|> {"a": 2, "b": 3}
+    #   Also needs to handle tools like call_0<|tool_call_argument_begin|>{"filePath": "..."}
+    _func_name_regex = re.compile(
+        r"^\s*(.+)[:](\d+)\s*<\|tool_call_argument_begin\|>", re.DOTALL
+    )
+    _func_arg_regex = re.compile(r"<\|tool_call_argument_begin\|>\s*(.*)\s*", re.DOTALL)
+
+    # kimi has a tool_calls_section - we're leaving this up to the caller to handle
+    tool_call_start = "<|tool_call_begin|>"
+    tool_call_end = "<|tool_call_end|>"
+
+    def _deserialize(value: str) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        try:
+            return json.loads(value)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return ast.literal_eval(value)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return value
+
+    def parse_tool_call(text: str, tools: Any | None = None):
+        func_name_match = _func_name_regex.search(text)
+        if func_name_match is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Could not parse function name from tool call: {text!r}")
+        original_func_name = func_name_match.group(1)
+        tool_id = func_name_match.group(2)
+        # strip off the `functions.` prefix, if it exists.
+        func_name = original_func_name[original_func_name.find(".") + 1 :]
+
+        func_args_match = _func_arg_regex.search(text)
+        if func_args_match is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Could not parse function args from tool call: {text!r}")
+        func_args = func_args_match.group(1)
+        # the args should be valid json - no need to check against our tools to deserialize
+        arg_dct = _deserialize(func_args)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+
+        return dict(
+            id=f"{original_func_name}:{tool_id}",
+            name=func_name,
+            arguments=arg_dct,  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        )
+
+    tokenizer._tool_call_start = tool_call_start
+    tokenizer._tool_call_end = tool_call_end
+    tokenizer._tool_parser = parse_tool_call
+
+
+def patch_glm_tokenizer(tokenizer: TokenizerWrapper):
+    """
+    Fixed version of mlx_lm's glm47 tool parser that handles regex match failures.
+    """
+    import ast
+    import json
+    from typing import Any
+
+    import regex as re
+
+    _func_name_regex = re.compile(r"^(.*?)<arg_key>", re.DOTALL)
+    _func_arg_regex = re.compile(
+        r"<arg_key>(.*?)</arg_key>(?:\n|\s)*<arg_value>(.*?)(?:</arg_value>|(?=<arg_key>)|$)",
+        re.DOTALL,
+    )
+
+    tool_call_start = "<tool_call>"
+    tool_call_end = "</tool_call>"
+
+    def _is_string_type(
+        tool_name: str,
+        arg_name: str,
+        tools: list[Any] | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        if tools is None:
+            return False
+        for tool in tools:  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+            func = tool["function"]  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+            if func["name"] == tool_name:
+                params = func["parameters"]  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                if params is None:
+                    return False
+                props = params.get("properties", {})  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                arg_props = props.get(arg_name, {})  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                arg_type = arg_props.get("type", None)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                return arg_type == "string"  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        return False
+
+    def _deserialize(value: str) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        try:
+            return json.loads(value)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        try:
+            return ast.literal_eval(value)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return value
+
+    def parse_tool_call(text: str, tools: list[Any] | None = None):
+        func_name_match = _func_name_regex.search(text)
+        if func_name_match is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Could not parse function name from tool call: {text!r}")
+        func_name = func_name_match.group(1)
+
+        pairs = _func_arg_regex.findall(text)
+        arg_dct: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for key, value in pairs:  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+            arg_key = key.strip()  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+            arg_val = value.strip()  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+            if not _is_string_type(func_name, arg_key, tools):  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+                arg_val = _deserialize(arg_val)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+            arg_dct[arg_key] = arg_val
+        return dict(name=func_name, arguments=arg_dct)
+
+    tokenizer._tool_call_start = tool_call_start
+    tokenizer._tool_call_end = tool_call_end
+    tokenizer._tool_parser = parse_tool_call
+
+
+def _validate_single_tool(obj: dict[str, Any]) -> ToolCallItem:
+    if (
+        ((name := obj.get("name")) is not None)
+        and ((args := obj.get("arguments")) is not None)
+        and isinstance(name, str)
+    ):
+        raw_id: object = obj.get("id")
+        extra = {"id": str(raw_id)} if raw_id is not None else {}
+        return ToolCallItem(
+            **extra,
+            name=name,
+            arguments=json.dumps(args),
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValidationError
+
+
 EXO_RUNNER_MUST_FAIL = "EXO RUNNER MUST FAIL"
 EXO_RUNNER_MUST_OOM = "EXO RUNNER MUST OOM"
 EXO_RUNNER_MUST_TIMEOUT = "EXO RUNNER MUST TIMEOUT"
--- a/src/exo/worker/runner/tool_parsers.py
+++ b/src/exo/worker/runner/tool_parsers.py
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-import json
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Callable
-
-from exo.shared.types.api import ToolCallItem
-
-
-@dataclass
-class ToolParser:
-    start_parsing: str
-    end_parsing: str
-    parse_tool_calls: Callable[[str], list[ToolCallItem] | None]
-
-
-def make_mlx_parser(
-    tool_call_start: str,
-    tool_call_end: str,
-    tool_parser: Callable[[str], dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]]],
-) -> ToolParser:
-    def parse_tool_calls(text: str) -> list[ToolCallItem] | None:
-        try:
-            text = text.removeprefix(tool_call_start)
-            text = text.removesuffix(tool_call_end)
-            parsed = tool_parser(text)
-            if isinstance(parsed, list):
-                return [ToolCallItem.model_validate(_flatten(p)) for p in parsed]
-            else:
-                return [ToolCallItem.model_validate(_flatten(parsed))]
-
-        except Exception:
-            return None
-
-    return ToolParser(
-        start_parsing=tool_call_start,
-        end_parsing=tool_call_end,
-        parse_tool_calls=parse_tool_calls,
-    )
-
-
-# TODO / example code:
-def _parse_json_calls(text: str) -> list[ToolCallItem] | None:
-    try:
-        text = text.removeprefix("<tool_call>")
-        text = text.removesuffix("</tool_call>")
-        top_level = {
-            k: json.dumps(v) if isinstance(v, (dict, list)) else v
-            for k, v in json.loads(text).items()  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-        }
-        return [ToolCallItem.model_validate(top_level)]
-    except Exception:
-        return None
-
-
-def _flatten(p: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, str]:
-    return {
-        k: json.dumps(v) if isinstance(v, (dict, list)) else str(v)  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-        for k, v in p.items()  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
-    }
-
-
-json_tool_parser = ToolParser(
-    start_parsing="<tool_call>",
-    end_parsing="</tool_call>",
-    parse_tool_calls=_parse_json_calls,
-)
-
-
-def infer_tool_parser(chat_template: str) -> ToolParser | None:
-    """Attempt to auto-infer a tool parser from the chat template."""
-    if "<tool_call>" in chat_template and "tool_call.name" in chat_template:
-        return json_tool_parser
-    return None
--- a/src/exo/worker/tests/unittests/test_runner/test_parse_tool_calls.py
+++ b/src/exo/worker/tests/unittests/test_runner/test_parse_tool_calls.py
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ from typing import Any

 from exo.shared.types.worker.runner_response import GenerationResponse, ToolCallResponse
 from exo.worker.runner.runner import parse_tool_calls
-from exo.worker.runner.tool_parsers import make_mlx_parser


 def _make_responses(
    texts: list[str],
    finish_on_last: bool = True,
-) -> Generator[GenerationResponse]:
+) -> Generator[GenerationResponse | ToolCallResponse]:
    """Create a sequence of GenerationResponses from text strings."""
    for i, text in enumerate(texts):
        is_last = i == len(texts) - 1
@@ -23,13 +22,10 @@ def _make_responses(
        )


-def _dummier_parser(text: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def _dummy_parser(text: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
    return {"name": "test_fn", "arguments": {"arg": text}}


-_dummy_parser = make_mlx_parser("<tool_call>", "</tool_call>", _dummier_parser)
-
-
 class TestParseToolCalls:
    """Tests for parse_tool_calls generator."""

@@ -39,6 +35,8 @@ class TestParseToolCalls:
        results = list(
            parse_tool_calls(
                _make_responses(texts, finish_on_last=False),
+                "<tool_call>",
+                "</tool_call>",
                _dummy_parser,
            )
        )
@@ -52,6 +50,8 @@ class TestParseToolCalls:
        results = list(
            parse_tool_calls(
                _make_responses(texts),
+                "<tool_call>",
+                "</tool_call>",
                _dummy_parser,
            )
        )
@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ class TestParseToolCalls:
        results = list(
            parse_tool_calls(
                _make_responses(texts, finish_on_last=False),
-                make_mlx_parser("<tool_call>", "</tool_call>", _failing_parser),
+                "<tool_call>",
+                "</tool_call>",
+                _failing_parser,
            )
        )

--- a/tests/run_exo_on.sh
+++ b/tests/run_exo_on.sh
@@ -43,5 +43,4 @@ for host; do
  echo "Waiting for $host..."
  until curl -sf "http://$host:52415/models" &>/dev/null; do sleep 1; done
 done
-echo "all hosts alive!"
 wait
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ dependencies = [
    { name = "hypercorn", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "loguru", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "mflux", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "mlx", version = "0.30.6", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, extra = ["cpu"], marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "mlx", version = "0.30.7.dev20260217+50487b41", source = { git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git?branch=address-rdma-gpu-locks#50487b4141f3c951122655db3b83df5146c1fbeb" }, marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
+    { name = "mlx", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "mlx", extra = ["cpu"], marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "mlx-lm", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "msgspec", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "openai-harmony", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
@@ -416,9 +416,9 @@ requires-dist = [
    { name = "hypercorn", specifier = ">=0.18.0" },
    { name = "loguru", specifier = ">=0.7.3" },
    { name = "mflux", specifier = "==0.15.5" },
-    { name = "mlx", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'", git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git?branch=address-rdma-gpu-locks" },
+    { name = "mlx", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'", specifier = "==0.30.6" },
    { name = "mlx", extras = ["cpu"], marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'", specifier = "==0.30.6" },
-    { name = "mlx-lm", specifier = "==0.30.7" },
+    { name = "mlx-lm", specifier = "==0.30.6" },
    { name = "msgspec", specifier = ">=0.19.0" },
    { name = "openai-harmony", specifier = ">=0.0.8" },
    { name = "pillow", specifier = ">=11.0,<12.0" },
@@ -1020,8 +1020,8 @@ dependencies = [
    { name = "fonttools", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "huggingface-hub", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "matplotlib", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "mlx", version = "0.30.6", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, extra = ["cuda13"], marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "mlx", version = "0.30.7.dev20260217+50487b41", source = { git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git?branch=address-rdma-gpu-locks#50487b4141f3c951122655db3b83df5146c1fbeb" }, marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
+    { name = "mlx", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "mlx", extra = ["cuda13"], marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "numpy", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "opencv-python", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "piexif", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
@@ -1048,12 +1048,18 @@ wheels = [
 name = "mlx"
 version = "0.30.6"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-resolution-markers = [
-    "sys_platform == 'linux'",
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "mlx-metal", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
 ]
 wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/5b/e460e144a34d5529e010056cccf50b538d56ed001473bc6b246018fd58cb/mlx-0.30.6-cp313-cp313-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:ed86f8bffc174c2f259ca589ea25464c96cf69d1bb457074a2bf2ef53737e54f", size = 573515, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:23.405Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/25/69833fefb9a3fef30b56792b1bcd022496c4fea83e45411d289b77ef7546/mlx-0.30.6-cp313-cp313-macosx_15_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:c52294958269e20f300639a17c1900ca8fc737d859ddda737f9811e94bd040e5", size = 573516, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:24.618Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9c/6a/7e7fbeebc5cb51b6a5eba96b263a6298707bcbdc059f4b0b73e088bc3dea/mlx-0.30.6-cp313-cp313-macosx_26_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:b5b6636f7c49a4d86d8ec82643b972f45a144a7a9f3a967b27b2e6e22cf71e6a", size = 573592, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:25.928Z" },
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/06/280f6f2ba80520a7109730425eda0d966658793aa0d02d8be8d351f75253/mlx-0.30.6-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_35_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:67e6c9e30a9faeacc209917ef5523177cf9b086914b6b5d83ff886e4294b727d", size = 622011, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:28.165Z" },
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fe/35/f872afbee9c079cc69924d9e9c46f5663adb7da58cba3511db082dd307c1/mlx-0.30.6-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_35_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:47db8b16fcb6f6c5a47c0bdb24ed377b41237017ac93aa6cb6aa206c9bdf82e4", size = 663650, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:30.315Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/23/361dc7a5797634e4d7e9bdd6564c6b28f9b1246672632def2f91bf066b18/mlx-0.30.6-cp314-cp314-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:78804a89dcff4a838f7c2da72392fe87a523e95122a3c840e53df019122aad45", size = 575028, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:31.549Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/69/1854484d414171586814dfbe8def95f75c4ea2c7341ba13ba8ee675f7c62/mlx-0.30.6-cp314-cp314-macosx_15_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:ec13584ab069665cc7ad34a05494d9291cd623aef6ae96be48875fc87cfc25d6", size = 575026, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:33.072Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6b/b8/3adbc441924209a7e4c568308b2a0b54bd09aee6a68db5bae85304791e54/mlx-0.30.6-cp314-cp314-macosx_26_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:b2c5e8a090a753ef99a1380a4d059c983083f36198864f6df9faaf1223d083df", size = 575041, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:34.814Z" },
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3f/54/9d9e06804fb2088202a2cdf60458e00b221f71420bea285720b60f9e82b5/mlx-0.30.6-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_35_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:9ceddede4af0de31d1f6b3099f70e5469d60cd7c546975dedbdbeab3519cab3f", size = 624002, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:36Z" },
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/92/3140a15a50cb1f9267a6552171e1dfa577861de53e093124bc43707f2a0e/mlx-0.30.6-cp314-cp314-manylinux_2_35_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:4a6ffd2d16728cf95f63a1b555d7c2eaeea686a0e6b73228bd265411cb5d77a4", size = 663569, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:37.242Z" },
 ]
@@ -1066,14 +1072,6 @@ cuda13 = [
    { name = "mlx-cuda-13", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "mlx"
-version = "0.30.7.dev20260217+50487b41"
-source = { git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git?branch=address-rdma-gpu-locks#50487b4141f3c951122655db3b83df5146c1fbeb" }
-resolution-markers = [
-    "sys_platform == 'darwin'",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "mlx-cpu"
 version = "0.30.6"
@@ -1100,20 +1098,30 @@ wheels = [

 [[package]]
 name = "mlx-lm"
-version = "0.30.7"
+version = "0.30.6"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
    { name = "jinja2", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "mlx", version = "0.30.7.dev20260217+50487b41", source = { git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git?branch=address-rdma-gpu-locks#50487b4141f3c951122655db3b83df5146c1fbeb" }, marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
+    { name = "mlx", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
    { name = "numpy", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "protobuf", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "pyyaml", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "sentencepiece", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
    { name = "transformers", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/66/0d/56542e2ae13ec6f542d3977d7cff89a205d4f6c5122e0ce23f33265f61c9/mlx_lm-0.30.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e5f31ac58d9f2381f28e1ba639ff903e64f7cff1bdc245c0bc97f72264be329c", size = 275764, upload-time = "2026-02-12T18:41:11.86Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/cb/815deddc8699b1f694d7e1f9cbed52934c03a8b49432c8add72932bb2f0b/mlx_lm-0.30.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:807e042d7040268f1b19190b7eaefd8b2efbff5590a65460974ad4225b91dda1", size = 271733, upload-time = "2026-02-04T21:27:45.741Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/17/a41c798a3d9cbdc47f39c6db5bba4c2cd199203ead26bf911cb03b644070/mlx_lm-0.30.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:17442a4bf01c4c2d3bca1e647712fe44f19890c3f1eadc8589d389e57b44b9bf", size = 386591, upload-time = "2026-02-12T18:41:10.236Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/20/5f/01d281f1fa8a1521d5936659beb4f5ab1f32b463d059263cf9d4cef969d9/mlx_lm-0.30.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a7405bd581eacc4bf8209d7a6b7f23629585a0d7c6740c2a97e51fee35b3b0e1", size = 379451, upload-time = "2026-02-04T21:27:43.222Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mlx-metal"
+version = "0.30.6"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/85/44406b521f920248fad621334d4dc15e77660a494edf890e7cbee33bf38d/mlx_metal-0.30.6-py3-none-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:ea6d0c973def9a5b4f652cc77036237db3f88c9d0af63701d76b5fddde99b820", size = 38437818, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:44:56.19Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/cb/10a516995f7d0c154b0d7e633c54b51e96977a86a355105b6474cfcbe0d0/mlx_metal-0.30.6-py3-none-macosx_15_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:0f8cb94634d07e06a372d6ad9a090f38a18bab1ff19a140aede60eacf707bb94", size = 38433701, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:44:59.678Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4c/7d/70cb272f7373c334709f210ed8420511fc9d64d05a7a646c0b3b94c29c04/mlx_metal-0.30.6-py3-none-macosx_26_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:d761ae26304f2c4b454eeea7f612a56919d9e5e57dbb1dc0788f8e34aa6f41c2", size = 47718448, upload-time = "2026-02-06T03:45:03.133Z" },
 ]

 [[package]]
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Alex Cheema	f31d51ecc0	Merge branch 'main' into alexcheema/fix-memory-reporting	2026-02-16 05:34:40 -08:00
Alex Cheema	859f593883	fix: exclude distributed test script from pytest collection and apply formatting The start_distributed_test.py script calls sys.exit() at module level, crashing pytest collection. Add --ignore to pytest addopts to skip it. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-02-16 05:07:34 -08:00
Alex Cheema	9c3c569d9f	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into alexcheema/fix-memory-reporting	2026-02-16 04:50:14 -08:00
Alex Cheema	8c57df8b37	fix: enable psutil fallback for memory monitoring when macmon is missing on macOS On Darwin, the psutil memory poller was disabled (memory_poll_rate=None), relying entirely on macmon. When macmon is not installed, no memory data was reported, causing nodes to show zero memory in the cluster state and blocking shard placement. Now falls back to psutil-based memory polling when macmon is not found. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-02-15 08:34:54 -08:00