🔖 Release version 0.74.0

📝 Update release notes
2025-12-25 07:08:11 -05:00 · 2022-02-17 17:08:23 +01:00 · 2022-02-17 17:05:38 +01:00 · 2022-02-17 14:18:35 +00:00 · 2022-02-17 14:18:01 +00:00 · 2022-02-17 12:40:46 +00:00
52 changed files with 2708 additions and 173 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 name: Build Docs
 on:
  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize]
 jobs:
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
        id: cache
        with:
          path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs-v2
      - name: Install Flit
        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ The key features are:

 <a href="https://bit.ly/2QSouzH" target="_blank" title="Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.dropbase.io/careers" target="_blank" title="Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings" target="_blank" title="https://striveworks.us/careers"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks.png"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI" target="_blank" title="We help you master vim with interactive exercises"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png"></a>
--- a/docs/en/data/people.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/people.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 maintainers:
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-  answers: 1230
-  prs: 269
+  answers: 1237
+  prs: 280
  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1326112?u=5cad72c846b7aba2e960546af490edc7375dafc4&v=4
  url: https://github.com/tiangolo
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  url: https://github.com/Kludex
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ experts:
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  url: https://github.com/dmontagu
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ experts:
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@@ -77,10 +81,10 @@ experts:
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+  count: 14
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1765494?u=5b1ab7c582db4b4016fa31affe977d10af108ad4&v=4
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 top_contributors:
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@@ -219,14 +239,14 @@ top_contributors:
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  url: https://github.com/dmontagu
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@@ -285,7 +305,7 @@ top_contributors:
  url: https://github.com/NinaHwang
 top_reviewers:
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-  count: 91
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  url: https://github.com/yanever
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-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/72019805?u=892f700c79f9732211bd5221bf16eec32356a732&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/anthonycepeda
- login: oandersonmagalhaes
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/83456692?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/oandersonmagalhaes
- login: qysfblog
-  count: 5
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52229895?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/qysfblog
--- a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ gold:
  - url: https://cryptapi.io/
    title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
+  - url: https://www.dropbase.io/careers
+    title: Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data.
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg
+  - url: https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings
+    title: https://striveworks.us/careers
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks.png
 silver:
  - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
    title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
--- a/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml
@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ logins:
  - koaning
  - deepset-ai
  - cryptapi
+  - DropbaseHQ
+  - Striveworks
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/dropbase-banner.svg
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/dropbase-banner.svg
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg
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--- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/striveworks-banner.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/striveworks-banner.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/striveworks.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/striveworks.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -3,6 +3,99 @@
 ## Latest Changes


+## 0.74.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* ✨ Update internal `AsyncExitStack` to fix context for dependencies with `yield`. PR [#4575](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4575) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+Dependencies with `yield` can now catch `HTTPException` and custom exceptions. For example:
+
+```Python
+async def get_database():
+    with Session() as session:
+        try:
+            yield session
+        except HTTPException:
+            session.rollback()
+            raise
+        finally:
+            session.close()
+```
+
+After the dependency with `yield` handles the exception (or not) the exception is raised again. So that any exception handlers can catch it, or ultimately the default internal `ServerErrorMiddleware`.
+
+If you depended on exceptions not being received by dependencies with `yield`, and receiving an exception breaks the code after `yield`, you can use a block with `try` and `finally`:
+
+```Python
+async def do_something():
+    try:
+        yield something
+    finally:
+        some_cleanup()
+```
+
+...that way the `finally` block is run regardless of any exception that might happen.
+
+### Features
+
+* The same PR [#4575](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4575) from above also fixes the `contextvars` context for the code before and after `yield`. This was the main objective of that PR.
+
+This means that now, if you set a value in a context variable before `yield`, the value would still be available after `yield` (as you would intuitively expect). And it also means that you can reset the context variable with a token afterwards.
+
+For example, this works correctly now:
+
+```Python
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+
+legacy_request_state_context_var: ContextVar[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]] = ContextVar(
+    "legacy_request_state_context_var", default=None
+)
+
+async def set_up_request_state_dependency():
+    request_state = {"user": "deadpond"}
+    contextvar_token = legacy_request_state_context_var.set(request_state)
+    yield request_state
+    legacy_request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token)
+```
+
+...before this change it would raise an error when resetting the context variable, because the `contextvars` context was different, because of the way it was implemented.
+
+**Note**: You probably don't need `contextvars`, and you should probably avoid using them. But they are powerful and useful in some advanced scenarios, for example, migrating from code that used Flask's `g` semi-global variable.
+
+**Technical Details**: If you want to know more of the technical details you can check out the PR description [#4575](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4575).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Add Striveworks sponsor. PR [#4596](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4596) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Only build docs on push when on master to avoid duplicate runs from PRs. PR [#4564](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4564) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#4502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4502) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+
+## 0.73.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for declaring `UploadFile` parameters without explicit `File()`. PR [#4469](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4469) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs: [Request Files - File Parameters with UploadFile](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#file-parameters-with-uploadfile).
+* ✨ Add support for tags with Enums. PR [#4468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4468) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs: [Path Operation Configuration - Tags with Enums](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags-with-enums).
+* ✨ Allow hiding from OpenAPI (and Swagger UI) `Query`, `Cookie`, `Header`, and `Path` parameters. PR [#3144](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3144) by [@astraldawn](https://github.com/astraldawn). New docs: [Query Parameters and String Validations - Exclude from OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Tweak and improve docs for Request Files. PR [#4470](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4470) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix bug preventing to use OpenAPI when using tuples. PR [#3874](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3874) by [@victorbenichoux](https://github.com/victorbenichoux).
+* 🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in `jsonable_encoder`. PR [#2061](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2061) by [@viveksunder](https://github.com/viveksunder).
+    * 💚 Duplicate PR to trigger CI. PR [#4467](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4467) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🐛 Fix docs dependencies cache, to get the latest Material for MkDocs. PR [#4466](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4466) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add sponsor Dropbase. PR [#4465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4465) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
 ## 0.72.0

 ### Features
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ You saw that you can use dependencies with `yield` and have `try` blocks that ca

 It might be tempting to raise an `HTTPException` or similar in the exit code, after the `yield`. But **it won't work**.

-The exit code in dependencies with `yield` is executed *after* [Exception Handlers](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}. There's nothing catching exceptions thrown by your dependencies in the exit code (after the `yield`).
+The exit code in dependencies with `yield` is executed *after* the response is sent, so [Exception Handlers](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank} will have already run. There's nothing catching exceptions thrown by your dependencies in the exit code (after the `yield`).

 So, if you raise an `HTTPException` after the `yield`, the default (or any custom) exception handler that catches `HTTPException`s and returns an HTTP 400 response won't be there to catch that exception anymore.

@@ -138,9 +138,11 @@ participant tasks as Background tasks
    end
    dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session
    opt raise
-        operation -->> handler: Raise HTTPException
+        operation -->> dep: Raise HTTPException
+        dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception
        handler -->> client: HTTP error response
        operation -->> dep: Raise other exception
+        dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception
    end
    operation ->> client: Return response to client
    Note over client,operation: Response is already sent, can't change it anymore
@@ -162,9 +164,9 @@ participant tasks as Background tasks
    After one of those responses is sent, no other response can be sent.

 !!! tip
-    This diagram shows `HTTPException`, but you could also raise any other exception for which you create a [Custom Exception Handler](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}. And that exception would be handled by that custom exception handler instead of the dependency exit code.
+    This diagram shows `HTTPException`, but you could also raise any other exception for which you create a [Custom Exception Handler](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}.

-    But if you raise an exception that is not handled by the exception handlers, it will be handled by the exit code of the dependency.
+    If you raise any exception, it will be passed to the dependencies with yield, including `HTTPException`, and then **again** to the exception handlers. If there's no exception handler for that exception, it will then be handled by the default internal `ServerErrorMiddleware`, returning a 500 HTTP status code, to let the client know that there was an error in the server.

 ## Context Managers

--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
@@ -64,6 +64,18 @@ They will be added to the OpenAPI schema and used by the automatic documentation

 <img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image01.png">

+### Tags with Enums
+
+If you have a big application, you might end up accumulating **several tags**, and you would want to make sure you always use the **same tag** for related *path operations*.
+
+In these cases, it could make sense to store the tags in an `Enum`.
+
+**FastAPI** supports that the same way as with plain strings:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  8-10  13  18"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!}
+```
+
 ## Summary and description

 You can add a `summary` and `description`:
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
@@ -387,6 +387,22 @@ The docs will show it like this:

 <img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image01.png">

+## Exclude from OpenAPI
+
+To exclude a query parameter from the generated OpenAPI schema (and thus, from the automatic documentation systems), set the parameter `include_in_schema` of `Query` to `False`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap

 You can declare additional validations and metadata for your parameters.
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Import `File` and `UploadFile` from `fastapi`:
 {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

-## Define `File` parameters
+## Define `File` Parameters

 Create file parameters the same way you would for `Body` or `Form`:

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ Have in mind that this means that the whole contents will be stored in memory. T

 But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.

-## `File` parameters with `UploadFile`
+## File Parameters with `UploadFile`

-Define a `File` parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:
+Define a file parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

 ```Python hl_lines="12"
 {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Define a `File` parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

 Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:

+* You don't have to use `File()` in the default value of the parameter.
 * It uses a "spooled" file:
    * A file stored in memory up to a maximum size limit, and after passing this limit it will be stored in disk.
 * This means that it will work well for large files like images, videos, large binaries, etc. without consuming all the memory.
@@ -113,7 +114,31 @@ The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses

    This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

-## Multiple file uploads
+## Optional File Upload
+
+You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a default value of `None`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+## `UploadFile` with Additional Metadata
+
+You can also use `File()` with `UploadFile`, for example, to set additional metadata:
+
+```Python hl_lines="13"
+{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!}
+```
+
+## Multiple File Uploads

 It's possible to upload several files at the same time.

@@ -140,6 +165,22 @@ You will receive, as declared, a `list` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`s.

    **FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

+### Multiple File Uploads with Additional Metadata
+
+And the same way as before, you can use `File()` to set additional parameters, even for `UploadFile`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap

-Use `File` to declare files to be uploaded as input parameters (as form data).
+Use `File`, `bytes`, and `UploadFile` to declare files to be uploaded in the request, sent as form data.
--- a/docs/en/overrides/main.html
+++ b/docs/en/overrides/main.html
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@
        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/cryptapi-banner.svg" />
      </a>
    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://www.dropbase.io/careers" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/dropbase-banner.svg" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="https://striveworks.us/careers" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=small_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/striveworks-banner.png" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
  </div>
 </div>
 {% endblock %}
--- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py
+++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Tags(Enum):
+    items = "items"
+    users = "users"
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", tags=[Tags.items])
+async def get_items():
+    return ["Portal gun", "Plumbus"]
+
+
+@app.get("/users/", tags=[Tags.users])
+async def read_users():
+    return ["Rick", "Morty"]
--- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py
+++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(
+    hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    if hidden_query:
+        return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+    else:
+        return {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py
+++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(hidden_query: str | None = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)):
+    if hidden_query:
+        return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+    else:
+        return {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ async def create_file(file: bytes = File(...)):


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
-async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...)):
+async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):
    return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_file(file: Optional[bytes] = File(None)):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(file: Optional[UploadFile] = None):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_file(file: bytes | None = File(None)):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_file(file: bytes = File(..., description="A file read as bytes")):
+    return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(
+    file: UploadFile = File(..., description="A file read as UploadFile")
+):
+    return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File(...)):


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
-async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ async def create_files(files: list[bytes] = File(...)):


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
-async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(
+    files: List[bytes] = File(..., description="Multiple files as bytes")
+):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(
+    files: List[UploadFile] = File(..., description="Multiple files as UploadFile")
+):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(
+    files: list[bytes] = File(..., description="Multiple files as bytes")
+):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(
+    files: list[UploadFile] = File(..., description="Multiple files as UploadFile")
+):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)
--- a/fastapi/init.py
+++ b/fastapi/init.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""

-__version__ = "0.72.0"
+__version__ = "0.74.0"

 from starlette import status as status

--- a/fastapi/applications.py
+++ b/fastapi/applications.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Callable, Coroutine, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union

 from fastapi import routing
-from fastapi.concurrency import AsyncExitStack
 from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
 from fastapi.encoders import DictIntStrAny, SetIntStr
 from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
 )
 from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
 from fastapi.logger import logger
+from fastapi.middleware.asyncexitstack import AsyncExitStackMiddleware
 from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
    get_redoc_html,
    get_swagger_ui_html,
@@ -20,8 +21,9 @@ from fastapi.params import Depends
 from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable
 from starlette.applications import Starlette
 from starlette.datastructures import State
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware, HTTPException
 from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response
 from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
@@ -133,6 +135,55 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        self.openapi_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
        self.setup()

+    def build_middleware_stack(self) -> ASGIApp:
+        # Duplicate/override from Starlette to add AsyncExitStackMiddleware
+        # inside of ExceptionMiddleware, inside of custom user middlewares
+        debug = self.debug
+        error_handler = None
+        exception_handlers = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.exception_handlers.items():
+            if key in (500, Exception):
+                error_handler = value
+            else:
+                exception_handlers[key] = value
+
+        middleware = (
+            [Middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, handler=error_handler, debug=debug)]
+            + self.user_middleware
+            + [
+                Middleware(
+                    ExceptionMiddleware, handlers=exception_handlers, debug=debug
+                ),
+                # Add FastAPI-specific AsyncExitStackMiddleware for dependencies with
+                # contextvars.
+                # This needs to happen after user middlewares because those create a
+                # new contextvars context copy by using a new AnyIO task group.
+                # The initial part of dependencies with yield is executed in the
+                # FastAPI code, inside all the middlewares, but the teardown part
+                # (after yield) is executed in the AsyncExitStack in this middleware,
+                # if the AsyncExitStack lived outside of the custom middlewares and
+                # contextvars were set in a dependency with yield in that internal
+                # contextvars context, the values would not be available in the
+                # outside context of the AsyncExitStack.
+                # By putting the middleware and the AsyncExitStack here, inside all
+                # user middlewares, the code before and after yield in dependencies
+                # with yield is executed in the same contextvars context, so all values
+                # set in contextvars before yield is still available after yield as
+                # would be expected.
+                # Additionally, by having this AsyncExitStack here, after the
+                # ExceptionMiddleware, now dependencies can catch handled exceptions,
+                # e.g. HTTPException, to customize the teardown code (e.g. DB session
+                # rollback).
+                Middleware(AsyncExitStackMiddleware),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        app = self.router
+        for cls, options in reversed(middleware):
+            app = cls(app=app, **options)
+        return app
+
    def openapi(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        if not self.openapi_schema:
            self.openapi_schema = get_openapi(
@@ -205,12 +256,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        if self.root_path:
            scope["root_path"] = self.root_path
-        if AsyncExitStack:
-            async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
-                scope["fastapi_astack"] = stack
-                await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
-        else:
-            await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)  # pragma: no cover
+        await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)

    def add_api_route(
        self,
@@ -219,7 +265,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -273,7 +319,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -342,7 +388,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        router: routing.APIRouter,
        *,
        prefix: str = "",
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
@@ -368,7 +414,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -419,7 +465,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -470,7 +516,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -521,7 +567,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -572,7 +618,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -623,7 +669,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -674,7 +720,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -725,7 +771,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
--- a/fastapi/datastructures.py
+++ b/fastapi/datastructures.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Type, TypeVar

 from starlette.datastructures import URL as URL  # noqa: F401
 from starlette.datastructures import Address as Address  # noqa: F401
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile):
            raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(v)}")
        return v

+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update({"type": "string", "format": "binary"})
+

 class DefaultPlaceholder:
    """
--- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
@@ -390,6 +390,8 @@ def get_param_field(
    field.required = required
    if not had_schema and not is_scalar_field(field=field):
        field.field_info = params.Body(field_info.default)
+    if not had_schema and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile):
+        field.field_info = params.File(field_info.default)

    return field

@@ -701,25 +703,6 @@ def get_missing_field_error(loc: Tuple[str, ...]) -> ErrorWrapper:
    return missing_field_error


-def get_schema_compatible_field(*, field: ModelField) -> ModelField:
-    out_field = field
-    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile):
-        use_type: type = bytes
-        if field.shape in sequence_shapes:
-            use_type = List[bytes]
-        out_field = create_response_field(
-            name=field.name,
-            type_=use_type,
-            class_validators=field.class_validators,
-            model_config=field.model_config,
-            default=field.default,
-            required=field.required,
-            alias=field.alias,
-            field_info=field.field_info,
-        )
-    return out_field
-
-
 def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]:
    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant)
    if not flat_dependant.body_params:
@@ -729,9 +712,8 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]:
    embed = getattr(field_info, "embed", None)
    body_param_names_set = {param.name for param in flat_dependant.body_params}
    if len(body_param_names_set) == 1 and not embed:
-        final_field = get_schema_compatible_field(field=first_param)
-        check_file_field(final_field)
-        return final_field
+        check_file_field(first_param)
+        return first_param
    # If one field requires to embed, all have to be embedded
    # in case a sub-dependency is evaluated with a single unique body field
    # That is combined (embedded) with other body fields
@@ -740,7 +722,7 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]:
    model_name = "Body_" + name
    BodyModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model(model_name)
    for f in flat_dependant.body_params:
-        BodyModel.__fields__[f.name] = get_schema_compatible_field(field=f)
+        BodyModel.__fields__[f.name] = f
    required = any(True for f in flat_dependant.body_params if f.required)

    BodyFieldInfo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = dict(default=None)
--- a/fastapi/encoders.py
+++ b/fastapi/encoders.py
@@ -34,9 +34,17 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
-    custom_encoder: Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]] = {},
+    custom_encoder: Optional[Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None,
    sqlalchemy_safe: bool = True,
 ) -> Any:
+    custom_encoder = custom_encoder or {}
+    if custom_encoder:
+        if type(obj) in custom_encoder:
+            return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj)
+        else:
+            for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items():
+                if isinstance(obj, encoder_type):
+                    return encoder_instance(obj)
    if include is not None and not isinstance(include, (set, dict)):
        include = set(include)
    if exclude is not None and not isinstance(exclude, (set, dict)):
@@ -118,14 +126,6 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
            )
        return encoded_list

-    if custom_encoder:
-        if type(obj) in custom_encoder:
-            return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj)
-        else:
-            for encoder_type, encoder in custom_encoder.items():
-                if isinstance(obj, encoder_type):
-                    return encoder(obj)
-
    if type(obj) in ENCODERS_BY_TYPE:
        return ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[type(obj)](obj)
    for encoder, classes_tuple in encoders_by_class_tuples.items():
--- a/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
+++ b/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi.concurrency import AsyncExitStack
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class AsyncExitStackMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, context_name: str = "fastapi_astack") -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.context_name = context_name
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if AsyncExitStack:
+            dependency_exception: Optional[Exception] = None
+            async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+                scope[self.context_name] = stack
+                try:
+                    await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    dependency_exception = e
+                    raise e
+            if dependency_exception:
+                # This exception was possibly handled by the dependency but it should
+                # still bubble up so that the ServerErrorMiddleware can return a 500
+                # or the ExceptionMiddleware can catch and handle any other exceptions
+                raise dependency_exception
+        else:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)  # pragma: no cover
--- a/fastapi/openapi/models.py
+++ b/fastapi/openapi/models.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class Schema(BaseModel):
    oneOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
    anyOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
    not_: Optional["Schema"] = Field(None, alias="not")
-    items: Optional["Schema"] = None
+    items: Optional[Union["Schema", List["Schema"]]] = None
    properties: Optional[Dict[str, "Schema"]] = None
    additionalProperties: Optional[Union["Schema", Reference, bool]] = None
    description: Optional[str] = None
--- a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ def get_openapi_operation_parameters(
    for param in all_route_params:
        field_info = param.field_info
        field_info = cast(Param, field_info)
+        if not field_info.include_in_schema:
+            continue
        parameter = {
            "name": param.alias,
            "in": field_info.in_.value,
--- a/fastapi/param_functions.py
+++ b/fastapi/param_functions.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ def Path(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Path(
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ def Path(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ def Query(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Query(
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ def Query(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

@@ -95,6 +99,7 @@ def Header(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Header(
@@ -113,6 +118,7 @@ def Header(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ def Cookie(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Cookie(
@@ -150,6 +157,7 @@ def Cookie(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

--- a/fastapi/params.py
+++ b/fastapi/params.py
@@ -31,11 +31,13 @@ class Param(FieldInfo):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        self.deprecated = deprecated
        self.example = example
        self.examples = examples
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
        super().__init__(
            default,
            alias=alias,
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ class Path(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        self.in_ = self.in_
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ class Path(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

@@ -117,6 +121,7 @@ class Query(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        super().__init__(
@@ -134,6 +139,7 @@ class Query(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

@@ -159,6 +165,7 @@ class Header(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        self.convert_underscores = convert_underscores
@@ -177,6 +184,7 @@ class Header(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

@@ -201,6 +209,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        super().__init__(
@@ -218,6 +227,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

--- a/fastapi/routing.py
+++ b/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import email.message
-import enum
 import inspect
 import json
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
 from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        # normalise enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus
-        if isinstance(status_code, enum.IntEnum):
+        if isinstance(status_code, IntEnum):
            status_code = int(status_code)
        self.path = path
        self.endpoint = endpoint
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        self,
        *,
        prefix: str = "",
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                "/"
            ), "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
        self.prefix = prefix
-        self.tags: List[str] = tags or []
+        self.tags: List[Union[str, Enum]] = tags or []
        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or []) or []
        self.deprecated = deprecated
        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        router: "APIRouter",
        *,
        prefix: str = "",
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
--- a/tests/test_dependency_contextmanager.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_contextmanager.py
@@ -235,7 +235,16 @@ def test_sync_raise_other():
    assert "/sync_raise" not in errors


-def test_async_raise():
+def test_async_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/async_raise")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_async_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/async_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
@@ -270,7 +279,16 @@ def test_background_tasks():
    assert state["bg"] == "bg set - b: started b - a: started a"


-def test_sync_raise():
+def test_sync_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(SyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_raise")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/sync_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
@@ -306,7 +324,16 @@ def test_sync_sync_raise_other():
    assert "/sync_raise" not in errors


-def test_sync_async_raise():
+def test_sync_async_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_async_raise")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_async_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/sync_async_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
@@ -314,7 +341,16 @@ def test_sync_async_raise():
    errors.clear()


-def test_sync_sync_raise():
+def test_sync_sync_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(SyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_sync_raise")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_sync_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/sync_sync_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
--- a/tests/test_dependency_contextvars.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_contextvars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request, Response
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+legacy_request_state_context_var: ContextVar[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]] = ContextVar(
+    "legacy_request_state_context_var", default=None
+)
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def set_up_request_state_dependency():
+    request_state = {"user": "deadpond"}
+    contextvar_token = legacy_request_state_context_var.set(request_state)
+    yield request_state
+    legacy_request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token)
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def custom_middleware(
+    request: Request, call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+):
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    response.headers["custom"] = "foo"
+    return response
+
+
+@app.get("/user", dependencies=[Depends(set_up_request_state_dependency)])
+def get_user():
+    request_state = legacy_request_state_context_var.get()
+    assert request_state
+    return request_state["user"]
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_dependency_contextvars():
+    """
+    Check that custom middlewares don't affect the contextvar context for dependencies.
+
+    The code before yield and the code after yield should be run in the same contextvar
+    context, so that request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token).
+
+    If they are run in a different context, that raises an error.
+    """
+    response = client.get("/user")
+    assert response.json() == "deadpond"
+    assert response.headers["custom"] == "foo"
--- a/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Body, Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+initial_fake_database = {"rick": "Rick Sanchez"}
+
+fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()
+
+initial_state = {"except": False, "finally": False}
+
+state = initial_state.copy()
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def get_database():
+    temp_database = fake_database.copy()
+    try:
+        yield temp_database
+        fake_database.update(temp_database)
+    except HTTPException:
+        state["except"] = True
+    finally:
+        state["finally"] = True
+
+
+@app.put("/invalid-user/{user_id}")
+def put_invalid_user(
+    user_id: str, name: str = Body(...), db: dict = Depends(get_database)
+):
+    db[user_id] = name
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid user")
+
+
+@app.put("/user/{user_id}")
+def put_user(user_id: str, name: str = Body(...), db: dict = Depends(get_database)):
+    db[user_id] = name
+    return {"message": "OK"}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_state_and_db():
+    global fake_database
+    global state
+    fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()
+    state = initial_state.copy()
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_dependency_gets_exception():
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is False
+    response = client.put("/invalid-user/rick", json="Morty")
+    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid user"}
+    assert state["except"] is True
+    assert state["finally"] is True
+    assert fake_database["rick"] == "Rick Sanchez"
+
+
+def test_dependency_no_exception():
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is False
+    response = client.put("/user/rick", json="Morty")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "OK"}
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is True
+    assert fake_database["rick"] == "Morty"
--- a/tests/test_exception_handlers.py
+++ b/tests/test_exception_handlers.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import pytest
 from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
 from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
@@ -12,10 +13,15 @@ def request_validation_exception_handler(request, exception):
    return JSONResponse({"exception": "request-validation"})


+def server_error_exception_handler(request, exception):
+    return JSONResponse(status_code=500, content={"exception": "server-error"})
+
+
 app = FastAPI(
    exception_handlers={
        HTTPException: http_exception_handler,
        RequestValidationError: request_validation_exception_handler,
+        Exception: server_error_exception_handler,
    }
 )

@@ -32,6 +38,11 @@ def route_with_request_validation_exception(param: int):
    pass  # pragma: no cover


+@app.get("/server-error")
+def route_with_server_error():
+    raise RuntimeError("Oops!")
+
+
 def test_override_http_exception():
    response = client.get("/http-exception")
    assert response.status_code == 200
@@ -42,3 +53,15 @@ def test_override_request_validation_exception():
    response = client.get("/request-validation/invalid")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"exception": "request-validation"}
+
+
+def test_override_server_error_exception_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        client.get("/server-error")
+
+
+def test_override_server_error_exception_response():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/server-error")
+    assert response.status_code == 500
+    assert response.json() == {"exception": "server-error"}
--- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
+++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
@@ -161,6 +161,21 @@ def test_custom_encoders():
    assert encoded_instance["dt_field"] == instance.dt_field.isoformat()


+def test_custom_enum_encoders():
+    def custom_enum_encoder(v: Enum):
+        return v.value.lower()
+
+    class MyEnum(Enum):
+        ENUM_VAL_1 = "ENUM_VAL_1"
+
+    instance = MyEnum.ENUM_VAL_1
+
+    encoded_instance = jsonable_encoder(
+        instance, custom_encoder={MyEnum: custom_enum_encoder}
+    )
+    assert encoded_instance == custom_enum_encoder(instance)
+
+
 def test_encode_model_with_path(model_with_path):
    if isinstance(model_with_path.path, PureWindowsPath):
        expected = "\\foo\\bar"
--- a/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
+++ b/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_cookie")
+async def hidden_cookie(
+    hidden_cookie: Optional[str] = Cookie(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    return {"hidden_cookie": hidden_cookie}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_header")
+async def hidden_header(
+    hidden_header: Optional[str] = Header(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    return {"hidden_header": hidden_header}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_path/{hidden_path}")
+async def hidden_path(hidden_path: str = Path(..., include_in_schema=False)):
+    return {"hidden_path": hidden_path}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_query")
+async def hidden_query(
+    hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_shema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/hidden_cookie": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Cookie",
+                "operationId": "hidden_cookie_hidden_cookie_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_header": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Header",
+                "operationId": "hidden_header_hidden_header_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_path/{hidden_path}": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Path",
+                "operationId": "hidden_path_hidden_path__hidden_path__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_query": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Query",
+                "operationId": "hidden_query_hidden_query_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_shema
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,cookies,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_cookie",
+            {},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_cookie": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_cookie",
+            {"hidden_cookie": "somevalue"},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_cookie": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_cookie(path, cookies, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path, cookies=cookies)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_header",
+            {},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_header": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_header",
+            {"Hidden-Header": "somevalue"},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_header": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_header(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+def test_hidden_path():
+    response = client.get("/hidden_path/hidden_path")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_path": "hidden_path"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_query",
+            200,
+            {"hidden_query": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_query?hidden_query=somevalue",
+            200,
+            {"hidden_query": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_query(path, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
--- a/tests/test_tuples.py
+++ b/tests/test_tuples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class ItemGroup(BaseModel):
+    items: List[Tuple[str, str]]
+
+
+class Coordinate(BaseModel):
+    x: float
+    y: float
+
+
+@app.post("/model-with-tuple/")
+def post_model_with_tuple(item_group: ItemGroup):
+    return item_group
+
+
+@app.post("/tuple-of-models/")
+def post_tuple_of_models(square: Tuple[Coordinate, Coordinate]):
+    return square
+
+
+@app.post("/tuple-form/")
+def hello(values: Tuple[int, int] = Form(...)):
+    return values
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/model-with-tuple/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Post Model With Tuple",
+                "operationId": "post_model_with_tuple_model_with_tuple__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ItemGroup"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/tuple-of-models/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Post Tuple Of Models",
+                "operationId": "post_tuple_of_models_tuple_of_models__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "title": "Square",
+                                "maxItems": 2,
+                                "minItems": 2,
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "items": [
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Coordinate"},
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Coordinate"},
+                                ],
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/tuple-form/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Hello",
+                "operationId": "hello_tuple_form__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_hello_tuple_form__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_hello_tuple_form__post": {
+                "title": "Body_hello_tuple_form__post",
+                "required": ["values"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "values": {
+                        "title": "Values",
+                        "maxItems": 2,
+                        "minItems": 2,
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": [{"type": "integer"}, {"type": "integer"}],
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Coordinate": {
+                "title": "Coordinate",
+                "required": ["x", "y"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "x": {"title": "X", "type": "number"},
+                    "y": {"title": "Y", "type": "number"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ItemGroup": {
+                "title": "ItemGroup",
+                "required": ["items"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "items": {
+                        "title": "Items",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "maxItems": 2,
+                            "minItems": 2,
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "string"}],
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_model_with_tuple_valid():
+    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "whatelse"]]}
+    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == data
+
+
+def test_model_with_tuple_invalid():
+    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "whatelse", "too", "much"]]}
+    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz"]]}
+    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+
+def test_tuple_with_model_valid():
+    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}, {"x": 3, "y": 4}]
+    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == data
+
+
+def test_tuple_with_model_invalid():
+    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}, {"x": 3, "y": 4}, {"x": 5, "y": 6}]
+    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}]
+    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+
+def test_tuple_form_valid():
+    response = client.post("/tuple-form/", data=[("values", "1"), ("values", "2")])
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [1, 2]
+
+
+def test_tuple_form_invalid():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/tuple-form/", data=[("values", "1"), ("values", "2"), ("values", "3")]
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+    response = client.post("/tuple-form/", data=[("values", "1")])
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_configurations/test_tutorial002b.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_configurations/test_tutorial002b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.path_operation_configuration.tutorial002b import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "tags": ["items"],
+                "summary": "Get Items",
+                "operationId": "get_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/users/": {
+            "get": {
+                "tags": ["users"],
+                "summary": "Read Users",
+                "operationId": "read_users_users__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_get_items():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == ["Portal gun", "Plumbus"]
+
+
+def test_get_users():
+    response = client.get("/users/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == ["Rick", "Morty"]
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial014 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Read Items",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_hidden_query():
+    response = client.get("/items?hidden_query=somevalue")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "somevalue"}
+
+
+def test_no_hidden_query():
+    response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014_py310.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ...utils import needs_py310
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Read Items",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client():
+    from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial014_py310 import app
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_hidden_query(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/items?hidden_query=somevalue")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "somevalue"}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_no_hidden_query(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.request_files.tutorial001_02 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create File",
+                "operationId": "create_file_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_file_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfile/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload File",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_file_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_file_files__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_form_no_body():
+    response = client.post("/files/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No file sent"}
+
+
+def test_post_uploadfile_no_body():
+    response = client.post("/uploadfile/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+
+
+def test_post_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02_py310.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ...utils import needs_py310
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create File",
+                "operationId": "create_file_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_file_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfile/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload File",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_file_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_file_files__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client():
+    from docs_src.request_files.tutorial001_02_py310 import app
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_form_no_body(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post("/files/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No file sent"}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_uploadfile_no_body(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post("/uploadfile/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_03.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.request_files.tutorial001_03 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create File",
+                "operationId": "create_file_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_file_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfile/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload File",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_file_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_file_files__post",
+                "required": ["file"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {
+                        "title": "File",
+                        "type": "string",
+                        "description": "A file read as bytes",
+                        "format": "binary",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "required": ["file"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {
+                        "title": "File",
+                        "type": "string",
+                        "description": "A file read as UploadFile",
+                        "format": "binary",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.request_files.tutorial003 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Files",
+                "operationId": "create_files_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_files_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfiles/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload Files",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Main",
+                "operationId": "main__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_files_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_files_files__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as bytes",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as UploadFile",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_files(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/files/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_sizes": [14, 15]}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/uploadfiles/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filenames": ["test.txt", "test2.txt"]}
+
+
+def test_get_root():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert b"<form" in response.content
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003_py39.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ...utils import needs_py39
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Files",
+                "operationId": "create_files_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_files_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfiles/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload Files",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Main",
+                "operationId": "main__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_files_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_files_files__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as bytes",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as UploadFile",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="app")
+def get_app():
+    from docs_src.request_files.tutorial003_py39 import app
+
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client(app: FastAPI):
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+file_required = {
+    "detail": [
+        {
+            "loc": ["body", "files"],
+            "msg": "field required",
+            "type": "value_error.missing",
+        }
+    ]
+}
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_post_files(tmp_path, app: FastAPI):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/files/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_sizes": [14, 15]}
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path, app: FastAPI):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/uploadfiles/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filenames": ["test.txt", "test2.txt"]}
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_get_root(app: FastAPI):
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert b"<form" in response.content
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Sebastián Ramírez	1ce16c2f40	🔖 Release version 0.74.0	2022-02-17 17:08:23 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	03d4d4c38e	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-17 17:05:38 +01:00
github-actions	2d2f1dee5d	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-17 14:18:35 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	59e36481dc	🔧 Add Striveworks sponsor (#4596 )	2022-02-17 14:18:01 +00:00
github-actions	4fcb00328c	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-17 12:40:46 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9d56a3cb59	✨ Update internal `AsyncExitStack` to fix context for dependencies with `yield` (#4575 )	2022-02-17 13:40:12 +01:00
github-actions	78b07cb809	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-13 17:19:09 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	6034f80687	💚 Only build docs on push when on master to avoid duplicate runs from PRs (#4564 )	2022-02-13 18:18:38 +01:00
github-actions	b93f8a709a	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-01 14:28:16 +00:00
github-actions[bot]	618c99d774	👥 Update FastAPI People (#4502 ) Co-authored-by: github-actions <github-actions@github.com>	2022-02-01 15:27:34 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	291180bf2d	🔖 Release version 0.73.0	2022-01-23 23:38:51 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	cbe8d552c1	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 23:37:48 +01:00
github-actions	af18d5c49f	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 22:14:28 +00:00
Victor Benichoux	a698908ed6	🐛 Fix bug preventing to use OpenAPI when using tuples (#3874 ) Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 23:13:55 +01:00
github-actions	dba9ea8120	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 21:31:08 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	f8d4d04015	📝 Tweak and improve docs for Request Files (#4470 )	2022-01-23 21:30:35 +00:00
github-actions	5a864d8261	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 19:14:47 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1bf55200a9	✨ Add support for declaring `UploadFile` parameters without explicit `File()` (#4469 )	2022-01-23 19:14:13 +00:00
github-actions	59b1f353b3	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 17:43:36 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	569afb4378	✨ Add support for tags with Enums (#4468 )	2022-01-23 18:43:04 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0f8349fcb7	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 18:03:42 +01:00
github-actions	6215fdd39e	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 16:34:52 +00:00
Vivek Sunder	94ca8c1e29	🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in `jsonable_encoder` (#2061 ) Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 17:34:18 +01:00
github-actions	f4963f05bf	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 16:32:35 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	d4608a00cf	🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in `jsonable_encoder` (#4467 ) Co-authored-by: Vivek Sunder <sviveksunder@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 17:32:04 +01:00
github-actions	699b5ef841	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 16:14:28 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	3de0fb82bf	🐛 Fix docs dependencies cache, to get the latest Material for MkDocs (#4466 )	2022-01-23 17:13:49 +01:00
github-actions	85518bc58b	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 15:55:36 +00:00
Mark	ca5d57ea79	✨ Allow hiding from OpenAPI (and Swagger UI) `Query`, `Cookie`, `Header`, and `Path` parameters (#3144 ) Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 16:54:59 +01:00
github-actions	347e391271	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 14:56:44 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a75d080124	🔧 Add sponsor Dropbase (#4465 )	2022-01-23 15:56:14 +01:00