📝 Update release notes

🔖 Release version 0.75.0
2025-12-25 15:18:36 -05:00 · 2022-03-04 23:11:21 +01:00 · 2022-03-04 23:09:11 +01:00 · 2022-03-04 23:08:06 +01:00 · 2022-03-04 22:02:55 +00:00 · 2022-03-04 23:02:18 +01:00
75 changed files with 5320 additions and 244 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 name: Build Docs
 on:
  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize]
 jobs:
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
        id: cache
        with:
          path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs-v2
      - name: Install Flit
        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ The key features are:

 <a href="https://bit.ly/2QSouzH" target="_blank" title="Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.dropbase.io/careers" target="_blank" title="Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings" target="_blank" title="https://striveworks.us/careers"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks.png"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI" target="_blank" title="We help you master vim with interactive exercises"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png"></a>
--- a/docs/en/data/people.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/people.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 maintainers:
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-  answers: 1230
-  prs: 269
+  answers: 1237
+  prs: 280
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ experts:
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 top_contributors:
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@@ -219,14 +239,14 @@ top_contributors:
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@@ -285,7 +305,7 @@ top_contributors:
  url: https://github.com/NinaHwang
 top_reviewers:
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-  count: 91
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--- a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ gold:
  - url: https://cryptapi.io/
    title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
+  - url: https://www.dropbase.io/careers
+    title: Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data.
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg
+  - url: https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings
+    title: https://striveworks.us/careers
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks.png
 silver:
  - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
    title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
--- a/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml
@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ logins:
  - koaning
  - deepset-ai
  - cryptapi
+  - DropbaseHQ
+  - Striveworks
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# Generate Clients
+
+As **FastAPI** is based on the OpenAPI specification, you get automatic compatibility with many tools, including the automatic API docs (provided by Swagger UI).
+
+One particular advantage that is not necessarily obvious is that you can **generate clients** (sometimes called <abbr title="Software Development Kits">**SDKs**</abbr> ) for your API, for many different **programming languages**.
+
+## OpenAPI Client Generators
+
+There are many tools to generate clients from **OpenAPI**.
+
+A common tool is <a href="https://openapi-generator.tech/" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI Generator</a>.
+
+If you are building a **frontend**, a very interesting alternative is <a href="https://github.com/ferdikoomen/openapi-typescript-codegen" class="external-link" target="_blank">openapi-typescript-codegen</a>.
+
+## Generate a TypeScript Frontend Client
+
+Let's start with a simple FastAPI application:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-11  14-15  18  19  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7-9  12-13  16-17  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+Notice that the *path operations* define the models they use for request payload and response payload, using the models `Item` and `ResponseMessage`.
+
+### API Docs
+
+If you go to the API docs, you will see that it has the **schemas** for the data to be sent in requests and received in responses:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image01.png">
+
+You can see those schemas because they were declared with the models in the app.
+
+That information is available in the app's **OpenAPI schema**, and then shown in the API docs (by Swagger UI).
+
+And that same information from the models that is included in OpenAPI is what can be used to **generate the client code**.
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client
+
+Now that we have the app with the models, we can generate the client code for the frontend.
+
+#### Install `openapi-typescript-codegen`
+
+You can install `openapi-typescript-codegen` in your frontend code with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ npm install openapi-typescript-codegen --save-dev
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+#### Generate Client Code
+
+To generate the client code you can use the command line application `openapi` that would now be installed.
+
+Because it is installed in the local project, you probably wouldn't be able to call that command directly, but you would put it on your `package.json` file.
+
+It could look like this:
+
+```JSON  hl_lines="7"
+{
+  "name": "frontend-app",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios"
+  },
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1",
+    "typescript": "^4.6.2"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+After having that NPM `generate-client` script there, you can run it with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ npm run generate-client
+
+frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app
+> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios
+```
+
+</div>
+
+That command will generate code in `./src/client` and will use `axios` (the frontend HTTP library) internally.
+
+### Try Out the Client Code
+
+Now you can import and use the client code, it could look like this, notice that you get autocompletion for the methods:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image02.png">
+
+You will also get autocompletion for the payload to send:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image03.png">
+
+!!! tip
+    Notice the autocompletion for `name` and `price`, that was defined in the FastAPI application, in the `Item` model.
+
+You will have inline errors for the data that you send:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image04.png">
+
+The response object will also have autocompletion:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image05.png">
+
+## FastAPI App with Tags
+
+In many cases your FastAPI app will be bigger, and you will probably use tags to separate different groups of *path operations*.
+
+For example, you could have a section for **items** and another section for **users**, and they could be separated by tags:
+
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23  28  36"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="21  26  34"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client with Tags
+
+If you generate a client for a FastAPI app using tags, it will normally also separate the client code based on the tags.
+
+This way you will be able to have things ordered and grouped correctly for the client code:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image06.png">
+
+In this case you have:
+
+* `ItemsService`
+* `UsersService`
+
+### Client Method Names
+
+Right now the generated method names like `createItemItemsPost` don't look very clean:
+
+```TypeScript
+ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5})
+```
+
+...that's because the client generator uses the OpenAPI internal **operation ID** for each *path operation*.
+
+OpenAPI requires that each operation ID is unique across all the *path operations*, so FastAPI uses the **function name**, the **path**, and the **HTTP method/operation** to generate that operation ID, because that way it can make sure that the operation IDs are unique.
+
+But I'll show you how to improve that next. 🤓
+
+## Custom Operation IDs and Better Method Names
+
+You can **modify** the way these operation IDs are **generated** to make them simpler and have **simpler method names** in the clients.
+
+In this case you will have to ensure that each operation ID is **unique** in some other way.
+
+For example, you could make sure that each *path operation* has a tag, and then generate the operation ID based on the **tag** and the *path operation* **name** (the function name).
+
+### Custom Generate Unique ID Function
+
+FastAPI uses a **unique ID** for each *path operation*, it is used for the **operation ID** and also for the names of any needed custom models, for requests or responses.
+
+You can customize that function. It takes an `APIRoute` and outputs a string.
+
+For example, here it is using the first tag (you will probably have only one tag) and the *path operation* name (the function name).
+
+You can then pass that custom function to **FastAPI** as the `generate_unique_id_function` parameter:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-9  12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6-7  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client with Custom Operation IDs
+
+Now if you generate the client again, you will see that it has the improved method names:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image07.png">
+
+As you see, the method names now have the tag and then the function name, now they don't include information from the URL path and the HTTP operation.
+
+### Preprocess the OpenAPI Specification for the Client Generator
+
+The generated code still has some **duplicated information**.
+
+We already know that this method is related to the **items** because that word is in the `ItemsService` (taken from the tag), but we still have the tag name prefixed in the method name too. 😕
+
+We will probably still want to keep it for OpenAPI in general, as that will ensure that the operation IDs are **unique**.
+
+But for the generated client we could **modify** the OpenAPI operation IDs right before generating the clients, just to make those method names nicer and **cleaner**.
+
+We could download the OpenAPI JSON to a file `openapi.json` and then we could **remove that prefixed tag** with a script like this:
+
+```Python
+{!../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+With that, the operation IDs would be renamed from things like `items-get_items` to just `get_items`, that way the client generator can generate simpler method names.
+
+### Generate a TypeScript Client with the Preprocessed OpenAPI
+
+Now as the end result is in a file `openapi.json`, you would modify the `package.json` to use that local file, for example:
+
+```JSON  hl_lines="7"
+{
+  "name": "frontend-app",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios"
+  },
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1",
+    "typescript": "^4.6.2"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+After generating the new client, you would now have **clean method names**, with all the **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image08.png">
+
+## Benefits
+
+When using the automatically generated clients you would **autocompletion** for:
+
+* Methods.
+* Request payloads in the body, query parameters, etc.
+* Response payloads.
+
+You would also have **inline errors** for everything.
+
+And whenever you update the backend code, and **regenerate** the frontend, it would have any new *path operations* available as methods, the old ones removed, and any other change would be reflected on the generated code. 🤓
+
+This also means that if something changed it will be **reflected** on the client code automatically. And if you **build** the client it will error out if you have any **mismatch** in the data used.
+
+So, you would **detect many errors** very early in the development cycle instead of having to wait for the errors to show up to your final users in production and then trying to debug where the problem is. ✨
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/dropbase-banner.svg
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+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image03.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image04.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image04.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image05.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image05.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image06.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image06.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image07.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image07.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image08.png
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image08.png
--- a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -3,6 +3,111 @@
 ## Latest Changes


+## 0.75.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for custom `generate_unique_id_function` and docs for generating clients. New docs: [Advanced - Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/). PR [#4650](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4650) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.74.1
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Include route in scope to allow middleware and other tools to extract its information. PR [#4603](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4603) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.74.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* ✨ Update internal `AsyncExitStack` to fix context for dependencies with `yield`. PR [#4575](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4575) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+Dependencies with `yield` can now catch `HTTPException` and custom exceptions. For example:
+
+```Python
+async def get_database():
+    with Session() as session:
+        try:
+            yield session
+        except HTTPException:
+            session.rollback()
+            raise
+        finally:
+            session.close()
+```
+
+After the dependency with `yield` handles the exception (or not) the exception is raised again. So that any exception handlers can catch it, or ultimately the default internal `ServerErrorMiddleware`.
+
+If you depended on exceptions not being received by dependencies with `yield`, and receiving an exception breaks the code after `yield`, you can use a block with `try` and `finally`:
+
+```Python
+async def do_something():
+    try:
+        yield something
+    finally:
+        some_cleanup()
+```
+
+...that way the `finally` block is run regardless of any exception that might happen.
+
+### Features
+
+* The same PR [#4575](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4575) from above also fixes the `contextvars` context for the code before and after `yield`. This was the main objective of that PR.
+
+This means that now, if you set a value in a context variable before `yield`, the value would still be available after `yield` (as you would intuitively expect). And it also means that you can reset the context variable with a token afterwards.
+
+For example, this works correctly now:
+
+```Python
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+
+legacy_request_state_context_var: ContextVar[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]] = ContextVar(
+    "legacy_request_state_context_var", default=None
+)
+
+async def set_up_request_state_dependency():
+    request_state = {"user": "deadpond"}
+    contextvar_token = legacy_request_state_context_var.set(request_state)
+    yield request_state
+    legacy_request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token)
+```
+
+...before this change it would raise an error when resetting the context variable, because the `contextvars` context was different, because of the way it was implemented.
+
+**Note**: You probably don't need `contextvars`, and you should probably avoid using them. But they are powerful and useful in some advanced scenarios, for example, migrating from code that used Flask's `g` semi-global variable.
+
+**Technical Details**: If you want to know more of the technical details you can check out the PR description [#4575](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4575).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Add Striveworks sponsor. PR [#4596](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4596) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Only build docs on push when on master to avoid duplicate runs from PRs. PR [#4564](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4564) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#4502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4502) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+
+## 0.73.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for declaring `UploadFile` parameters without explicit `File()`. PR [#4469](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4469) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs: [Request Files - File Parameters with UploadFile](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#file-parameters-with-uploadfile).
+* ✨ Add support for tags with Enums. PR [#4468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4468) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs: [Path Operation Configuration - Tags with Enums](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags-with-enums).
+* ✨ Allow hiding from OpenAPI (and Swagger UI) `Query`, `Cookie`, `Header`, and `Path` parameters. PR [#3144](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3144) by [@astraldawn](https://github.com/astraldawn). New docs: [Query Parameters and String Validations - Exclude from OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Tweak and improve docs for Request Files. PR [#4470](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4470) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix bug preventing to use OpenAPI when using tuples. PR [#3874](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3874) by [@victorbenichoux](https://github.com/victorbenichoux).
+* 🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in `jsonable_encoder`. PR [#2061](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2061) by [@viveksunder](https://github.com/viveksunder).
+    * 💚 Duplicate PR to trigger CI. PR [#4467](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4467) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🐛 Fix docs dependencies cache, to get the latest Material for MkDocs. PR [#4466](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4466) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add sponsor Dropbase. PR [#4465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4465) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
 ## 0.72.0

 ### Features
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ You saw that you can use dependencies with `yield` and have `try` blocks that ca

 It might be tempting to raise an `HTTPException` or similar in the exit code, after the `yield`. But **it won't work**.

-The exit code in dependencies with `yield` is executed *after* [Exception Handlers](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}. There's nothing catching exceptions thrown by your dependencies in the exit code (after the `yield`).
+The exit code in dependencies with `yield` is executed *after* the response is sent, so [Exception Handlers](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank} will have already run. There's nothing catching exceptions thrown by your dependencies in the exit code (after the `yield`).

 So, if you raise an `HTTPException` after the `yield`, the default (or any custom) exception handler that catches `HTTPException`s and returns an HTTP 400 response won't be there to catch that exception anymore.

@@ -138,9 +138,11 @@ participant tasks as Background tasks
    end
    dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session
    opt raise
-        operation -->> handler: Raise HTTPException
+        operation -->> dep: Raise HTTPException
+        dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception
        handler -->> client: HTTP error response
        operation -->> dep: Raise other exception
+        dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception
    end
    operation ->> client: Return response to client
    Note over client,operation: Response is already sent, can't change it anymore
@@ -162,9 +164,9 @@ participant tasks as Background tasks
    After one of those responses is sent, no other response can be sent.

 !!! tip
-    This diagram shows `HTTPException`, but you could also raise any other exception for which you create a [Custom Exception Handler](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}. And that exception would be handled by that custom exception handler instead of the dependency exit code.
+    This diagram shows `HTTPException`, but you could also raise any other exception for which you create a [Custom Exception Handler](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}.

-    But if you raise an exception that is not handled by the exception handlers, it will be handled by the exit code of the dependency.
+    If you raise any exception, it will be passed to the dependencies with yield, including `HTTPException`, and then **again** to the exception handlers. If there's no exception handler for that exception, it will then be handled by the default internal `ServerErrorMiddleware`, returning a 500 HTTP status code, to let the client know that there was an error in the server.

 ## Context Managers

--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
@@ -64,6 +64,18 @@ They will be added to the OpenAPI schema and used by the automatic documentation

 <img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image01.png">

+### Tags with Enums
+
+If you have a big application, you might end up accumulating **several tags**, and you would want to make sure you always use the **same tag** for related *path operations*.
+
+In these cases, it could make sense to store the tags in an `Enum`.
+
+**FastAPI** supports that the same way as with plain strings:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  8-10  13  18"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!}
+```
+
 ## Summary and description

 You can add a `summary` and `description`:
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
@@ -387,6 +387,22 @@ The docs will show it like this:

 <img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image01.png">

+## Exclude from OpenAPI
+
+To exclude a query parameter from the generated OpenAPI schema (and thus, from the automatic documentation systems), set the parameter `include_in_schema` of `Query` to `False`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap

 You can declare additional validations and metadata for your parameters.
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Import `File` and `UploadFile` from `fastapi`:
 {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

-## Define `File` parameters
+## Define `File` Parameters

 Create file parameters the same way you would for `Body` or `Form`:

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ Have in mind that this means that the whole contents will be stored in memory. T

 But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.

-## `File` parameters with `UploadFile`
+## File Parameters with `UploadFile`

-Define a `File` parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:
+Define a file parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

 ```Python hl_lines="12"
 {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Define a `File` parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

 Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:

+* You don't have to use `File()` in the default value of the parameter.
 * It uses a "spooled" file:
    * A file stored in memory up to a maximum size limit, and after passing this limit it will be stored in disk.
 * This means that it will work well for large files like images, videos, large binaries, etc. without consuming all the memory.
@@ -113,7 +114,31 @@ The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses

    This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

-## Multiple file uploads
+## Optional File Upload
+
+You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a default value of `None`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+## `UploadFile` with Additional Metadata
+
+You can also use `File()` with `UploadFile`, for example, to set additional metadata:
+
+```Python hl_lines="13"
+{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!}
+```
+
+## Multiple File Uploads

 It's possible to upload several files at the same time.

@@ -140,6 +165,22 @@ You will receive, as declared, a `list` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`s.

    **FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

+### Multiple File Uploads with Additional Metadata
+
+And the same way as before, you can use `File()` to set additional parameters, even for `UploadFile`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap

-Use `File` to declare files to be uploaded as input parameters (as form data).
+Use `File`, `bytes`, and `UploadFile` to declare files to be uploaded in the request, sent as form data.
--- a/docs/en/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/en/mkdocs.yml
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ nav:
  - advanced/extending-openapi.md
  - advanced/openapi-callbacks.md
  - advanced/wsgi.md
+  - advanced/generate-clients.md
 - async.md
 - Deployment:
  - deployment/index.md
--- a/docs/en/overrides/main.html
+++ b/docs/en/overrides/main.html
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@
        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/cryptapi-banner.svg" />
      </a>
    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://www.dropbase.io/careers" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/dropbase-banner.svg" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="https://striveworks.us/careers" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=small_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/striveworks-banner.png" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
  </div>
 </div>
 {% endblock %}
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage)
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return {"message": "item received"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item])
+async def get_items():
+    return [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage)
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return {"message": "item received"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])
+async def get_items():
+    return [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    email: str
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return {"message": "Item received"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item], tags=["items"])
+async def get_items():
+    return [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
+
+
+@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"])
+async def create_user(user: User):
+    return {"message": "User received"}
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    email: str
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return {"message": "Item received"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item], tags=["items"])
+async def get_items():
+    return [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
+
+
+@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"])
+async def create_user(user: User):
+    return {"message": "User received"}
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+def custom_generate_unique_id(route: APIRoute):
+    return f"{route.tags[0]}-{route.name}"
+
+
+app = FastAPI(generate_unique_id_function=custom_generate_unique_id)
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    email: str
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return {"message": "Item received"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item], tags=["items"])
+async def get_items():
+    return [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
+
+
+@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"])
+async def create_user(user: User):
+    return {"message": "User received"}
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+def custom_generate_unique_id(route: APIRoute):
+    return f"{route.tags[0]}-{route.name}"
+
+
+app = FastAPI(generate_unique_id_function=custom_generate_unique_id)
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    email: str
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return {"message": "Item received"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item], tags=["items"])
+async def get_items():
+    return [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
+
+
+@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"])
+async def create_user(user: User):
+    return {"message": "User received"}
--- a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+file_path = Path("./openapi.json")
+openapi_content = json.loads(file_path.read_text())
+
+for path_data in openapi_content["paths"].values():
+    for operation in path_data.values():
+        tag = operation["tags"][0]
+        operation_id = operation["operationId"]
+        to_remove = f"{tag}-"
+        new_operation_id = operation_id[len(to_remove) :]
+        operation["operationId"] = new_operation_id
+
+file_path.write_text(json.dumps(openapi_content))
--- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py
+++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Tags(Enum):
+    items = "items"
+    users = "users"
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", tags=[Tags.items])
+async def get_items():
+    return ["Portal gun", "Plumbus"]
+
+
+@app.get("/users/", tags=[Tags.users])
+async def read_users():
+    return ["Rick", "Morty"]
--- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py
+++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(
+    hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    if hidden_query:
+        return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+    else:
+        return {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py
+++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(hidden_query: str | None = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)):
+    if hidden_query:
+        return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+    else:
+        return {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py
@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ async def create_file(file: bytes = File(...)):


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
-async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...)):
+async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):
    return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_file(file: Optional[bytes] = File(None)):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(file: Optional[UploadFile] = None):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_file(file: bytes | None = File(None)):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
+    if not file:
+        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+    else:
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_file(file: bytes = File(..., description="A file read as bytes")):
+    return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(
+    file: UploadFile = File(..., description="A file read as UploadFile")
+):
+    return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File(...)):


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
-async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ async def create_files(files: list[bytes] = File(...)):


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
-async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(
+    files: List[bytes] = File(..., description="Multiple files as bytes")
+):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(
+    files: List[UploadFile] = File(..., description="Multiple files as UploadFile")
+):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)
--- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py
+++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(
+    files: list[bytes] = File(..., description="Multiple files as bytes")
+):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(
+    files: list[UploadFile] = File(..., description="Multiple files as UploadFile")
+):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)
--- a/fastapi/init.py
+++ b/fastapi/init.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""

-__version__ = "0.72.0"
+__version__ = "0.75.0"

 from starlette import status as status

--- a/fastapi/applications.py
+++ b/fastapi/applications.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Callable, Coroutine, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union

 from fastapi import routing
-from fastapi.concurrency import AsyncExitStack
 from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
 from fastapi.encoders import DictIntStrAny, SetIntStr
 from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
 )
 from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
 from fastapi.logger import logger
+from fastapi.middleware.asyncexitstack import AsyncExitStackMiddleware
 from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
    get_redoc_html,
    get_swagger_ui_html,
@@ -18,10 +19,12 @@ from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
 from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
 from fastapi.params import Depends
 from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable
+from fastapi.utils import generate_unique_id
 from starlette.applications import Starlette
 from starlette.datastructures import State
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware, HTTPException
 from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response
 from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
@@ -66,10 +69,44 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        swagger_ui_parameters: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
        **extra: Any,
    ) -> None:
        self._debug: bool = debug
+        self.title = title
+        self.description = description
+        self.version = version
+        self.terms_of_service = terms_of_service
+        self.contact = contact
+        self.license_info = license_info
+        self.openapi_url = openapi_url
+        self.openapi_tags = openapi_tags
+        self.root_path_in_servers = root_path_in_servers
+        self.docs_url = docs_url
+        self.redoc_url = redoc_url
+        self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
+        self.swagger_ui_init_oauth = swagger_ui_init_oauth
+        self.swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_parameters
+        self.servers = servers or []
+        self.extra = extra
+        self.openapi_version = "3.0.2"
+        self.openapi_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+        if self.openapi_url:
+            assert self.title, "A title must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: 'My API'"
+            assert self.version, "A version must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: '2.1.0'"
+        # TODO: remove when discarding the openapi_prefix parameter
+        if openapi_prefix:
+            logger.warning(
+                '"openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which '
+                "follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more "
+                "automatic. Check the docs at "
+                "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/sub-applications/"
+            )
+        self.root_path = root_path or openapi_prefix
        self.state: State = State()
+        self.dependency_overrides: Dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]] = {}
        self.router: routing.APIRouter = routing.APIRouter(
            routes=routes,
            dependency_overrides_provider=self,
@@ -81,6 +118,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            responses=responses,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )
        self.exception_handlers: Dict[
            Union[int, Type[Exception]],
@@ -97,42 +135,57 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            [] if middleware is None else list(middleware)
        )
        self.middleware_stack: ASGIApp = self.build_middleware_stack()
-
-        self.title = title
-        self.description = description
-        self.version = version
-        self.terms_of_service = terms_of_service
-        self.contact = contact
-        self.license_info = license_info
-        self.servers = servers or []
-        self.openapi_url = openapi_url
-        self.openapi_tags = openapi_tags
-        # TODO: remove when discarding the openapi_prefix parameter
-        if openapi_prefix:
-            logger.warning(
-                '"openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which '
-                "follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more "
-                "automatic. Check the docs at "
-                "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/sub-applications/"
-            )
-        self.root_path = root_path or openapi_prefix
-        self.root_path_in_servers = root_path_in_servers
-        self.docs_url = docs_url
-        self.redoc_url = redoc_url
-        self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
-        self.swagger_ui_init_oauth = swagger_ui_init_oauth
-        self.swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_parameters
-        self.extra = extra
-        self.dependency_overrides: Dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]] = {}
-
-        self.openapi_version = "3.0.2"
-
-        if self.openapi_url:
-            assert self.title, "A title must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: 'My API'"
-            assert self.version, "A version must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: '2.1.0'"
-        self.openapi_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
        self.setup()

+    def build_middleware_stack(self) -> ASGIApp:
+        # Duplicate/override from Starlette to add AsyncExitStackMiddleware
+        # inside of ExceptionMiddleware, inside of custom user middlewares
+        debug = self.debug
+        error_handler = None
+        exception_handlers = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.exception_handlers.items():
+            if key in (500, Exception):
+                error_handler = value
+            else:
+                exception_handlers[key] = value
+
+        middleware = (
+            [Middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, handler=error_handler, debug=debug)]
+            + self.user_middleware
+            + [
+                Middleware(
+                    ExceptionMiddleware, handlers=exception_handlers, debug=debug
+                ),
+                # Add FastAPI-specific AsyncExitStackMiddleware for dependencies with
+                # contextvars.
+                # This needs to happen after user middlewares because those create a
+                # new contextvars context copy by using a new AnyIO task group.
+                # The initial part of dependencies with yield is executed in the
+                # FastAPI code, inside all the middlewares, but the teardown part
+                # (after yield) is executed in the AsyncExitStack in this middleware,
+                # if the AsyncExitStack lived outside of the custom middlewares and
+                # contextvars were set in a dependency with yield in that internal
+                # contextvars context, the values would not be available in the
+                # outside context of the AsyncExitStack.
+                # By putting the middleware and the AsyncExitStack here, inside all
+                # user middlewares, the code before and after yield in dependencies
+                # with yield is executed in the same contextvars context, so all values
+                # set in contextvars before yield is still available after yield as
+                # would be expected.
+                # Additionally, by having this AsyncExitStack here, after the
+                # ExceptionMiddleware, now dependencies can catch handled exceptions,
+                # e.g. HTTPException, to customize the teardown code (e.g. DB session
+                # rollback).
+                Middleware(AsyncExitStackMiddleware),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        app = self.router
+        for cls, options in reversed(middleware):
+            app = cls(app=app, **options)
+        return app
+
    def openapi(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        if not self.openapi_schema:
            self.openapi_schema = get_openapi(
@@ -205,12 +258,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        if self.root_path:
            scope["root_path"] = self.root_path
-        if AsyncExitStack:
-            async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
-                scope["fastapi_astack"] = stack
-                await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
-        else:
-            await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)  # pragma: no cover
+        await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)

    def add_api_route(
        self,
@@ -219,7 +267,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -240,6 +288,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        ),
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> None:
        self.router.add_api_route(
            path,
@@ -265,6 +316,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            response_class=response_class,
            name=name,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def api_route(
@@ -273,7 +325,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -292,6 +344,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.router.add_api_route(
@@ -318,6 +373,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
                response_class=response_class,
                name=name,
                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
            )
            return func

@@ -342,13 +398,16 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        router: routing.APIRouter,
        *,
        prefix: str = "",
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> None:
        self.router.include_router(
            router,
@@ -360,6 +419,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            default_response_class=default_response_class,
            callbacks=callbacks,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def get(
@@ -368,7 +428,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -387,6 +447,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.get(
            path,
@@ -411,6 +474,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def put(
@@ -419,7 +483,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -438,6 +502,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.put(
            path,
@@ -462,6 +529,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def post(
@@ -470,7 +538,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -489,6 +557,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.post(
            path,
@@ -513,6 +584,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def delete(
@@ -521,7 +593,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -540,6 +612,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.delete(
            path,
@@ -564,6 +639,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def options(
@@ -572,7 +648,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -591,6 +667,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.options(
            path,
@@ -615,6 +694,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def head(
@@ -623,7 +703,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -642,6 +722,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.head(
            path,
@@ -666,6 +749,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def patch(
@@ -674,7 +758,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -693,6 +777,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.patch(
            path,
@@ -717,6 +804,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def trace(
@@ -725,7 +813,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -744,6 +832,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.router.trace(
            path,
@@ -768,4 +859,5 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )
--- a/fastapi/datastructures.py
+++ b/fastapi/datastructures.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Type, TypeVar

 from starlette.datastructures import URL as URL  # noqa: F401
 from starlette.datastructures import Address as Address  # noqa: F401
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile):
            raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(v)}")
        return v

+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update({"type": "string", "format": "binary"})
+

 class DefaultPlaceholder:
    """
--- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
@@ -390,6 +390,8 @@ def get_param_field(
    field.required = required
    if not had_schema and not is_scalar_field(field=field):
        field.field_info = params.Body(field_info.default)
+    if not had_schema and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile):
+        field.field_info = params.File(field_info.default)

    return field

@@ -701,25 +703,6 @@ def get_missing_field_error(loc: Tuple[str, ...]) -> ErrorWrapper:
    return missing_field_error


-def get_schema_compatible_field(*, field: ModelField) -> ModelField:
-    out_field = field
-    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile):
-        use_type: type = bytes
-        if field.shape in sequence_shapes:
-            use_type = List[bytes]
-        out_field = create_response_field(
-            name=field.name,
-            type_=use_type,
-            class_validators=field.class_validators,
-            model_config=field.model_config,
-            default=field.default,
-            required=field.required,
-            alias=field.alias,
-            field_info=field.field_info,
-        )
-    return out_field
-
-
 def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]:
    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant)
    if not flat_dependant.body_params:
@@ -729,9 +712,8 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]:
    embed = getattr(field_info, "embed", None)
    body_param_names_set = {param.name for param in flat_dependant.body_params}
    if len(body_param_names_set) == 1 and not embed:
-        final_field = get_schema_compatible_field(field=first_param)
-        check_file_field(final_field)
-        return final_field
+        check_file_field(first_param)
+        return first_param
    # If one field requires to embed, all have to be embedded
    # in case a sub-dependency is evaluated with a single unique body field
    # That is combined (embedded) with other body fields
@@ -740,7 +722,7 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]:
    model_name = "Body_" + name
    BodyModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model(model_name)
    for f in flat_dependant.body_params:
-        BodyModel.__fields__[f.name] = get_schema_compatible_field(field=f)
+        BodyModel.__fields__[f.name] = f
    required = any(True for f in flat_dependant.body_params if f.required)

    BodyFieldInfo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = dict(default=None)
--- a/fastapi/encoders.py
+++ b/fastapi/encoders.py
@@ -34,9 +34,17 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
    exclude_unset: bool = False,
    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
    exclude_none: bool = False,
-    custom_encoder: Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]] = {},
+    custom_encoder: Optional[Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None,
    sqlalchemy_safe: bool = True,
 ) -> Any:
+    custom_encoder = custom_encoder or {}
+    if custom_encoder:
+        if type(obj) in custom_encoder:
+            return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj)
+        else:
+            for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items():
+                if isinstance(obj, encoder_type):
+                    return encoder_instance(obj)
    if include is not None and not isinstance(include, (set, dict)):
        include = set(include)
    if exclude is not None and not isinstance(exclude, (set, dict)):
@@ -118,14 +126,6 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
            )
        return encoded_list

-    if custom_encoder:
-        if type(obj) in custom_encoder:
-            return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj)
-        else:
-            for encoder_type, encoder in custom_encoder.items():
-                if isinstance(obj, encoder_type):
-                    return encoder(obj)
-
    if type(obj) in ENCODERS_BY_TYPE:
        return ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[type(obj)](obj)
    for encoder, classes_tuple in encoders_by_class_tuples.items():
--- a/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
+++ b/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi.concurrency import AsyncExitStack
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class AsyncExitStackMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, context_name: str = "fastapi_astack") -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.context_name = context_name
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if AsyncExitStack:
+            dependency_exception: Optional[Exception] = None
+            async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+                scope[self.context_name] = stack
+                try:
+                    await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    dependency_exception = e
+                    raise e
+            if dependency_exception:
+                # This exception was possibly handled by the dependency but it should
+                # still bubble up so that the ServerErrorMiddleware can return a 500
+                # or the ExceptionMiddleware can catch and handle any other exceptions
+                raise dependency_exception
+        else:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)  # pragma: no cover
--- a/fastapi/openapi/models.py
+++ b/fastapi/openapi/models.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class Schema(BaseModel):
    oneOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
    anyOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
    not_: Optional["Schema"] = Field(None, alias="not")
-    items: Optional["Schema"] = None
+    items: Optional[Union["Schema", List["Schema"]]] = None
    properties: Optional[Dict[str, "Schema"]] = None
    additionalProperties: Optional[Union["Schema", Reference, bool]] = None
    description: Optional[str] = None
--- a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import http.client
 import inspect
+import warnings
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Type, Union, cast

@@ -92,6 +93,8 @@ def get_openapi_operation_parameters(
    for param in all_route_params:
        field_info = param.field_info
        field_info = cast(Param, field_info)
+        if not field_info.include_in_schema:
+            continue
        parameter = {
            "name": param.alias,
            "in": field_info.in_.value,
@@ -138,7 +141,15 @@ def get_openapi_operation_request_body(
    return request_body_oai


-def generate_operation_id(*, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str) -> str:
+def generate_operation_id(
+    *, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str
+) -> str:  # pragma: nocover
+    warnings.warn(
+        "fastapi.openapi.utils.generate_operation_id() was deprecated, "
+        "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
    if route.operation_id:
        return route.operation_id
    path: str = route.path_format
@@ -152,7 +163,7 @@ def generate_operation_summary(*, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str) -> str:


 def get_openapi_operation_metadata(
-    *, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str
+    *, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str, operation_ids: Set[str]
 ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    operation: Dict[str, Any] = {}
    if route.tags:
@@ -160,14 +171,25 @@ def get_openapi_operation_metadata(
    operation["summary"] = generate_operation_summary(route=route, method=method)
    if route.description:
        operation["description"] = route.description
-    operation["operationId"] = generate_operation_id(route=route, method=method)
+    operation_id = route.operation_id or route.unique_id
+    if operation_id in operation_ids:
+        message = (
+            f"Duplicate Operation ID {operation_id} for function "
+            + f"{route.endpoint.__name__}"
+        )
+        file_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__globals__", {}).get("__file__")
+        if file_name:
+            message += f" at {file_name}"
+        warnings.warn(message)
+    operation_ids.add(operation_id)
+    operation["operationId"] = operation_id
    if route.deprecated:
        operation["deprecated"] = route.deprecated
    return operation


 def get_openapi_path(
-    *, route: routing.APIRoute, model_name_map: Dict[type, str]
+    *, route: routing.APIRoute, model_name_map: Dict[type, str], operation_ids: Set[str]
 ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
    path = {}
    security_schemes: Dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -181,7 +203,9 @@ def get_openapi_path(
    route_response_media_type: Optional[str] = current_response_class.media_type
    if route.include_in_schema:
        for method in route.methods:
-            operation = get_openapi_operation_metadata(route=route, method=method)
+            operation = get_openapi_operation_metadata(
+                route=route, method=method, operation_ids=operation_ids
+            )
            parameters: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
            flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(route.dependant, skip_repeats=True)
            security_definitions, operation_security = get_openapi_security_definitions(
@@ -215,7 +239,9 @@ def get_openapi_path(
                            cb_security_schemes,
                            cb_definitions,
                        ) = get_openapi_path(
-                            route=callback, model_name_map=model_name_map
+                            route=callback,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            operation_ids=operation_ids,
                        )
                        callbacks[callback.name] = {callback.path: cb_path}
                operation["callbacks"] = callbacks
@@ -382,6 +408,7 @@ def get_openapi(
        output["servers"] = servers
    components: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
    paths: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    operation_ids: Set[str] = set()
    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_routes(routes)
    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
    definitions = get_model_definitions(
@@ -389,7 +416,9 @@ def get_openapi(
    )
    for route in routes:
        if isinstance(route, routing.APIRoute):
-            result = get_openapi_path(route=route, model_name_map=model_name_map)
+            result = get_openapi_path(
+                route=route, model_name_map=model_name_map, operation_ids=operation_ids
+            )
            if result:
                path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result
                if path:
--- a/fastapi/param_functions.py
+++ b/fastapi/param_functions.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ def Path(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Path(
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ def Path(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ def Query(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Query(
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ def Query(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

@@ -95,6 +99,7 @@ def Header(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Header(
@@ -113,6 +118,7 @@ def Header(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ def Cookie(  # noqa: N802
    example: Any = Undefined,
    examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
    **extra: Any,
 ) -> Any:
    return params.Cookie(
@@ -150,6 +157,7 @@ def Cookie(  # noqa: N802
        example=example,
        examples=examples,
        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
        **extra,
    )

--- a/fastapi/params.py
+++ b/fastapi/params.py
@@ -31,11 +31,13 @@ class Param(FieldInfo):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        self.deprecated = deprecated
        self.example = example
        self.examples = examples
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
        super().__init__(
            default,
            alias=alias,
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ class Path(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        self.in_ = self.in_
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ class Path(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

@@ -117,6 +121,7 @@ class Query(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        super().__init__(
@@ -134,6 +139,7 @@ class Query(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

@@ -159,6 +165,7 @@ class Header(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        self.convert_underscores = convert_underscores
@@ -177,6 +184,7 @@ class Header(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

@@ -201,6 +209,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
        example: Any = Undefined,
        examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        super().__init__(
@@ -218,6 +227,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
            deprecated=deprecated,
            example=example,
            examples=examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
            **extra,
        )

--- a/fastapi/routing.py
+++ b/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import email.message
-import enum
 import inspect
 import json
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
 from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from typing import (
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    Set,
+    Tuple,
    Type,
    Union,
 )
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable
 from fastapi.utils import (
    create_cloned_field,
    create_response_field,
-    generate_operation_id_for_path,
+    generate_unique_id,
    get_value_or_default,
 )
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
 from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response
-from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute, Match
 from starlette.routing import Mount as Mount  # noqa
 from starlette.routing import (
    compile_path,
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ from starlette.routing import (
    websocket_session,
 )
 from starlette.status import WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION
-from starlette.types import ASGIApp
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Scope
 from starlette.websockets import WebSocket


@@ -296,6 +297,12 @@ class APIWebSocketRoute(routing.WebSocketRoute):
        )
        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)

+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> Tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
+        if match != Match.NONE:
+            child_scope["route"] = self
+        return match, child_scope
+

 class APIRoute(routing.Route):
    def __init__(
@@ -305,7 +312,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -328,21 +335,47 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
        dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Union[
+            Callable[["APIRoute"], str], DefaultPlaceholder
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> None:
-        # normalise enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus
-        if isinstance(status_code, enum.IntEnum):
-            status_code = int(status_code)
        self.path = path
        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.response_model = response_model
+        self.summary = summary
+        self.response_description = response_description
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+        self.operation_id = operation_id
+        self.response_model_include = response_model_include
+        self.response_model_exclude = response_model_exclude
+        self.response_model_by_alias = response_model_by_alias
+        self.response_model_exclude_unset = response_model_exclude_unset
+        self.response_model_exclude_defaults = response_model_exclude_defaults
+        self.response_model_exclude_none = response_model_exclude_none
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.response_class = response_class
+        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+        self.openapi_extra = openapi_extra
+        self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+        self.tags = tags or []
+        self.responses = responses or {}
        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
        if methods is None:
            methods = ["GET"]
        self.methods: Set[str] = set([method.upper() for method in methods])
-        self.unique_id = generate_operation_id_for_path(
-            name=self.name, path=self.path_format, method=list(methods)[0]
-        )
-        self.response_model = response_model
+        if isinstance(generate_unique_id_function, DefaultPlaceholder):
+            current_generate_unique_id: Callable[
+                ["APIRoute"], str
+            ] = generate_unique_id_function.value
+        else:
+            current_generate_unique_id = generate_unique_id_function
+        self.unique_id = self.operation_id or current_generate_unique_id(self)
+        # normalize enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus
+        if isinstance(status_code, IntEnum):
+            status_code = int(status_code)
+        self.status_code = status_code
        if self.response_model:
            assert (
                status_code not in STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY
@@ -364,19 +397,14 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
        else:
            self.response_field = None  # type: ignore
            self.secure_cloned_response_field = None
-        self.status_code = status_code
-        self.tags = tags or []
        if dependencies:
            self.dependencies = list(dependencies)
        else:
            self.dependencies = []
-        self.summary = summary
        self.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(self.endpoint.__doc__ or "")
        # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text,
        # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed"
        self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0]
-        self.response_description = response_description
-        self.responses = responses or {}
        response_fields = {}
        for additional_status_code, response in self.responses.items():
            assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict"
@@ -392,16 +420,6 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
            self.response_fields: Dict[Union[int, str], ModelField] = response_fields
        else:
            self.response_fields = {}
-        self.deprecated = deprecated
-        self.operation_id = operation_id
-        self.response_model_include = response_model_include
-        self.response_model_exclude = response_model_exclude
-        self.response_model_by_alias = response_model_by_alias
-        self.response_model_exclude_unset = response_model_exclude_unset
-        self.response_model_exclude_defaults = response_model_exclude_defaults
-        self.response_model_exclude_none = response_model_exclude_none
-        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
-        self.response_class = response_class

        assert callable(endpoint), "An endpoint must be a callable"
        self.dependant = get_dependant(path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint)
@@ -411,10 +429,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
                get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=self.path_format),
            )
        self.body_field = get_body_field(dependant=self.dependant, name=self.unique_id)
-        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
-        self.callbacks = callbacks
        self.app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())
-        self.openapi_extra = openapi_extra

    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
        return get_request_handler(
@@ -432,13 +447,19 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
        )

+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> Tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
+        if match != Match.NONE:
+            child_scope["route"] = self
+        return match, child_scope
+

 class APIRouter(routing.Router):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        prefix: str = "",
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
@@ -452,6 +473,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        on_shutdown: Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(
            routes=routes,  # type: ignore # in Starlette
@@ -466,7 +490,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                "/"
            ), "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
        self.prefix = prefix
-        self.tags: List[str] = tags or []
+        self.tags: List[Union[str, Enum]] = tags or []
        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or []) or []
        self.deprecated = deprecated
        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
@@ -475,6 +499,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
        self.route_class = route_class
        self.default_response_class = default_response_class
+        self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function

    def add_api_route(
        self,
@@ -483,7 +508,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -506,6 +531,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        route_class_override: Optional[Type[APIRoute]] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Union[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str], DefaultPlaceholder
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
    ) -> None:
        route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class
        responses = responses or {}
@@ -522,6 +550,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        current_callbacks = self.callbacks.copy()
        if callbacks:
            current_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
+        current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default(
+            generate_unique_id_function, self.generate_unique_id_function
+        )
        route = route_class(
            self.prefix + path,
            endpoint=endpoint,
@@ -548,6 +579,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
            callbacks=current_callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
        )
        self.routes.append(route)

@@ -557,7 +589,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -577,6 +609,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
            self.add_api_route(
@@ -604,6 +639,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                name=name,
                callbacks=callbacks,
                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
            )
            return func

@@ -634,13 +670,16 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        router: "APIRouter",
        *,
        prefix: str = "",
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        deprecated: Optional[bool] = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> None:
        if prefix:
            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
@@ -681,6 +720,12 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                    current_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
                if route.callbacks:
                    current_callbacks.extend(route.callbacks)
+                current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default(
+                    route.generate_unique_id_function,
+                    router.generate_unique_id_function,
+                    generate_unique_id_function,
+                    self.generate_unique_id_function,
+                )
                self.add_api_route(
                    prefix + route.path,
                    route.endpoint,
@@ -709,6 +754,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                    route_class_override=type(route),
                    callbacks=current_callbacks,
                    openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra,
+                    generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
                )
            elif isinstance(route, routing.Route):
                methods = list(route.methods or [])  # type: ignore # in Starlette
@@ -738,7 +784,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -757,6 +803,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -782,6 +831,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def put(
@@ -790,7 +840,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -809,6 +859,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -834,6 +887,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def post(
@@ -842,7 +896,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -861,6 +915,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -886,6 +943,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def delete(
@@ -894,7 +952,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -913,6 +971,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -938,6 +999,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def options(
@@ -946,7 +1008,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -965,6 +1027,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -990,6 +1055,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def head(
@@ -998,7 +1064,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -1017,6 +1083,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -1042,6 +1111,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def patch(
@@ -1050,7 +1120,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -1069,6 +1139,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
        return self.api_route(
            path=path,
@@ -1094,6 +1167,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )

    def trace(
@@ -1102,7 +1176,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        *,
        response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None,
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
-        tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -1121,6 +1195,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None,
        openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:

        return self.api_route(
@@ -1147,4 +1224,5 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
            name=name,
            callbacks=callbacks,
            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
        )
--- a/fastapi/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/utils.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import functools
 import re
+import warnings
 from dataclasses import is_dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Set, Type, Union, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional, Set, Type, Union, cast

 import fastapi
 from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, DefaultType
@@ -13,6 +14,9 @@ from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo, ModelField, UndefinedType
 from pydantic.schema import model_process_schema
 from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass

+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: nocover
+    from .routing import APIRoute
+

 def get_model_definitions(
    *,
@@ -119,13 +123,29 @@ def create_cloned_field(
    return new_field


-def generate_operation_id_for_path(*, name: str, path: str, method: str) -> str:
+def generate_operation_id_for_path(
+    *, name: str, path: str, method: str
+) -> str:  # pragma: nocover
+    warnings.warn(
+        "fastapi.utils.generate_operation_id_for_path() was deprecated, "
+        "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
    operation_id = name + path
    operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id)
    operation_id = operation_id + "_" + method.lower()
    return operation_id


+def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str:
+    operation_id = route.name + route.path_format
+    operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id)
+    assert route.methods
+    operation_id = operation_id + "_" + list(route.methods)[0].lower()
+    return operation_id
+
+
 def deep_dict_update(main_dict: Dict[Any, Any], update_dict: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
    for key in update_dict:
        if (
--- a/tests/test_dependency_contextmanager.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_contextmanager.py
@@ -235,7 +235,16 @@ def test_sync_raise_other():
    assert "/sync_raise" not in errors


-def test_async_raise():
+def test_async_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/async_raise")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_async_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/async_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
@@ -270,7 +279,16 @@ def test_background_tasks():
    assert state["bg"] == "bg set - b: started b - a: started a"


-def test_sync_raise():
+def test_sync_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(SyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_raise")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/sync_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
@@ -306,7 +324,16 @@ def test_sync_sync_raise_other():
    assert "/sync_raise" not in errors


-def test_sync_async_raise():
+def test_sync_async_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_async_raise")
+    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
+    assert "/async_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_async_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/sync_async_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/async_raise"] == "asyncgen raise finalized"
@@ -314,7 +341,16 @@ def test_sync_async_raise():
    errors.clear()


-def test_sync_sync_raise():
+def test_sync_sync_raise_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(SyncDependencyError):
+        client.get("/sync_sync_raise")
+    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
+    assert "/sync_raise" in errors
+    errors.clear()
+
+
+def test_sync_sync_raise_server_error():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/sync_sync_raise")
    assert response.status_code == 500, response.text
    assert state["/sync_raise"] == "generator raise finalized"
--- a/tests/test_dependency_contextvars.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_contextvars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request, Response
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+legacy_request_state_context_var: ContextVar[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]] = ContextVar(
+    "legacy_request_state_context_var", default=None
+)
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def set_up_request_state_dependency():
+    request_state = {"user": "deadpond"}
+    contextvar_token = legacy_request_state_context_var.set(request_state)
+    yield request_state
+    legacy_request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token)
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def custom_middleware(
+    request: Request, call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+):
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    response.headers["custom"] = "foo"
+    return response
+
+
+@app.get("/user", dependencies=[Depends(set_up_request_state_dependency)])
+def get_user():
+    request_state = legacy_request_state_context_var.get()
+    assert request_state
+    return request_state["user"]
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_dependency_contextvars():
+    """
+    Check that custom middlewares don't affect the contextvar context for dependencies.
+
+    The code before yield and the code after yield should be run in the same contextvar
+    context, so that request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token).
+
+    If they are run in a different context, that raises an error.
+    """
+    response = client.get("/user")
+    assert response.json() == "deadpond"
+    assert response.headers["custom"] == "foo"
--- a/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Body, Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+initial_fake_database = {"rick": "Rick Sanchez"}
+
+fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()
+
+initial_state = {"except": False, "finally": False}
+
+state = initial_state.copy()
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def get_database():
+    temp_database = fake_database.copy()
+    try:
+        yield temp_database
+        fake_database.update(temp_database)
+    except HTTPException:
+        state["except"] = True
+    finally:
+        state["finally"] = True
+
+
+@app.put("/invalid-user/{user_id}")
+def put_invalid_user(
+    user_id: str, name: str = Body(...), db: dict = Depends(get_database)
+):
+    db[user_id] = name
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid user")
+
+
+@app.put("/user/{user_id}")
+def put_user(user_id: str, name: str = Body(...), db: dict = Depends(get_database)):
+    db[user_id] = name
+    return {"message": "OK"}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_state_and_db():
+    global fake_database
+    global state
+    fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()
+    state = initial_state.copy()
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_dependency_gets_exception():
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is False
+    response = client.put("/invalid-user/rick", json="Morty")
+    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid user"}
+    assert state["except"] is True
+    assert state["finally"] is True
+    assert fake_database["rick"] == "Rick Sanchez"
+
+
+def test_dependency_no_exception():
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is False
+    response = client.put("/user/rick", json="Morty")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "OK"}
+    assert state["except"] is False
+    assert state["finally"] is True
+    assert fake_database["rick"] == "Morty"
--- a/tests/test_exception_handlers.py
+++ b/tests/test_exception_handlers.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import pytest
 from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
 from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
@@ -12,10 +13,15 @@ def request_validation_exception_handler(request, exception):
    return JSONResponse({"exception": "request-validation"})


+def server_error_exception_handler(request, exception):
+    return JSONResponse(status_code=500, content={"exception": "server-error"})
+
+
 app = FastAPI(
    exception_handlers={
        HTTPException: http_exception_handler,
        RequestValidationError: request_validation_exception_handler,
+        Exception: server_error_exception_handler,
    }
 )

@@ -32,6 +38,11 @@ def route_with_request_validation_exception(param: int):
    pass  # pragma: no cover


+@app.get("/server-error")
+def route_with_server_error():
+    raise RuntimeError("Oops!")
+
+
 def test_override_http_exception():
    response = client.get("/http-exception")
    assert response.status_code == 200
@@ -42,3 +53,15 @@ def test_override_request_validation_exception():
    response = client.get("/request-validation/invalid")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"exception": "request-validation"}
+
+
+def test_override_server_error_exception_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        client.get("/server-error")
+
+
+def test_override_server_error_exception_response():
+    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+    response = client.get("/server-error")
+    assert response.status_code == 500
+    assert response.json() == {"exception": "server-error"}
--- a/tests/test_generate_unique_id_function.py
+++ b/tests/test_generate_unique_id_function.py
--- a/tests/test_include_router_defaults_overrides.py
+++ b/tests/test_include_router_defaults_overrides.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import warnings
+
 import pytest
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, FastAPI, Response
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
@@ -343,7 +345,11 @@ client = TestClient(app)

 def test_openapi():
    client = TestClient(app)
-    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+        assert issubclass(w[-1].category, UserWarning)
+        assert "Duplicate Operation ID" in str(w[-1].message)
    assert response.json() == openapi_schema


--- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
+++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
@@ -161,6 +161,21 @@ def test_custom_encoders():
    assert encoded_instance["dt_field"] == instance.dt_field.isoformat()


+def test_custom_enum_encoders():
+    def custom_enum_encoder(v: Enum):
+        return v.value.lower()
+
+    class MyEnum(Enum):
+        ENUM_VAL_1 = "ENUM_VAL_1"
+
+    instance = MyEnum.ENUM_VAL_1
+
+    encoded_instance = jsonable_encoder(
+        instance, custom_encoder={MyEnum: custom_enum_encoder}
+    )
+    assert encoded_instance == custom_enum_encoder(instance)
+
+
 def test_encode_model_with_path(model_with_path):
    if isinstance(model_with_path.path, PureWindowsPath):
        expected = "\\foo\\bar"
--- a/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
+++ b/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_cookie")
+async def hidden_cookie(
+    hidden_cookie: Optional[str] = Cookie(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    return {"hidden_cookie": hidden_cookie}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_header")
+async def hidden_header(
+    hidden_header: Optional[str] = Header(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    return {"hidden_header": hidden_header}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_path/{hidden_path}")
+async def hidden_path(hidden_path: str = Path(..., include_in_schema=False)):
+    return {"hidden_path": hidden_path}
+
+
+@app.get("/hidden_query")
+async def hidden_query(
+    hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)
+):
+    return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_shema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/hidden_cookie": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Cookie",
+                "operationId": "hidden_cookie_hidden_cookie_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_header": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Header",
+                "operationId": "hidden_header_hidden_header_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_path/{hidden_path}": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Path",
+                "operationId": "hidden_path_hidden_path__hidden_path__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/hidden_query": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Hidden Query",
+                "operationId": "hidden_query_hidden_query_get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_shema
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,cookies,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_cookie",
+            {},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_cookie": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_cookie",
+            {"hidden_cookie": "somevalue"},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_cookie": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_cookie(path, cookies, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path, cookies=cookies)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_header",
+            {},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_header": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_header",
+            {"Hidden-Header": "somevalue"},
+            200,
+            {"hidden_header": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_header(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
+
+
+def test_hidden_path():
+    response = client.get("/hidden_path/hidden_path")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_path": "hidden_path"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
+    [
+        (
+            "/hidden_query",
+            200,
+            {"hidden_query": None},
+        ),
+        (
+            "/hidden_query?hidden_query=somevalue",
+            200,
+            {"hidden_query": "somevalue"},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hidden_query(path, expected_status, expected_response):
+    response = client.get(path)
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    assert response.json() == expected_response
--- a/tests/test_route_scope.py
+++ b/tests/test_route_scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect
+from fastapi.routing import APIRoute, APIWebSocketRoute
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
+async def get_user(user_id: str, request: Request):
+    route: APIRoute = request.scope["route"]
+    return {"user_id": user_id, "path": route.path}
+
+
+@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}")
+async def websocket_item(item_id: str, websocket: WebSocket):
+    route: APIWebSocketRoute = websocket.scope["route"]
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json({"item_id": item_id, "path": route.path})
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_get():
+    response = client.get("/users/rick")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"user_id": "rick", "path": "/users/{user_id}"}
+
+
+def test_invalid_method_doesnt_match():
+    response = client.post("/users/rick")
+    assert response.status_code == 405, response.text
+
+
+def test_invalid_path_doesnt_match():
+    response = client.post("/usersx/rick")
+    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
+
+
+def test_websocket():
+    with client.websocket_connect("/items/portal-gun") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+        assert data == {"item_id": "portal-gun", "path": "/items/{item_id}"}
+
+
+def test_websocket_invalid_path_doesnt_match():
+    with pytest.raises(WebSocketDisconnect):
+        with client.websocket_connect("/itemsx/portal-gun") as websocket:
+            websocket.receive_json()
--- a/tests/test_tuples.py
+++ b/tests/test_tuples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class ItemGroup(BaseModel):
+    items: List[Tuple[str, str]]
+
+
+class Coordinate(BaseModel):
+    x: float
+    y: float
+
+
+@app.post("/model-with-tuple/")
+def post_model_with_tuple(item_group: ItemGroup):
+    return item_group
+
+
+@app.post("/tuple-of-models/")
+def post_tuple_of_models(square: Tuple[Coordinate, Coordinate]):
+    return square
+
+
+@app.post("/tuple-form/")
+def hello(values: Tuple[int, int] = Form(...)):
+    return values
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/model-with-tuple/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Post Model With Tuple",
+                "operationId": "post_model_with_tuple_model_with_tuple__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ItemGroup"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/tuple-of-models/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Post Tuple Of Models",
+                "operationId": "post_tuple_of_models_tuple_of_models__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "title": "Square",
+                                "maxItems": 2,
+                                "minItems": 2,
+                                "type": "array",
+                                "items": [
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Coordinate"},
+                                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Coordinate"},
+                                ],
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/tuple-form/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Hello",
+                "operationId": "hello_tuple_form__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_hello_tuple_form__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_hello_tuple_form__post": {
+                "title": "Body_hello_tuple_form__post",
+                "required": ["values"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "values": {
+                        "title": "Values",
+                        "maxItems": 2,
+                        "minItems": 2,
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": [{"type": "integer"}, {"type": "integer"}],
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Coordinate": {
+                "title": "Coordinate",
+                "required": ["x", "y"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "x": {"title": "X", "type": "number"},
+                    "y": {"title": "Y", "type": "number"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ItemGroup": {
+                "title": "ItemGroup",
+                "required": ["items"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "items": {
+                        "title": "Items",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "maxItems": 2,
+                            "minItems": 2,
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "string"}],
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_model_with_tuple_valid():
+    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "whatelse"]]}
+    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == data
+
+
+def test_model_with_tuple_invalid():
+    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "whatelse", "too", "much"]]}
+    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz"]]}
+    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+
+def test_tuple_with_model_valid():
+    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}, {"x": 3, "y": 4}]
+    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == data
+
+
+def test_tuple_with_model_invalid():
+    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}, {"x": 3, "y": 4}, {"x": 5, "y": 6}]
+    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}]
+    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+
+def test_tuple_form_valid():
+    response = client.post("/tuple-form/", data=[("values", "1"), ("values", "2")])
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [1, 2]
+
+
+def test_tuple_form_invalid():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/tuple-form/", data=[("values", "1"), ("values", "2"), ("values", "3")]
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
+
+    response = client.post("/tuple-form/", data=[("values", "1")])
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_generate_clients/init.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_generate_clients/init.py
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_generate_clients/test_tutorial003.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_generate_clients/test_tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.generate_clients.tutorial003 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "tags": ["items"],
+                "summary": "Get Items",
+                "operationId": "items-get_items",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "title": "Response Items-Get Items",
+                                    "type": "array",
+                                    "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "post": {
+                "tags": ["items"],
+                "summary": "Create Item",
+                "operationId": "items-create_item",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseMessage"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        "/users/": {
+            "post": {
+                "tags": ["users"],
+                "summary": "Create User",
+                "operationId": "users-create_user",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseMessage"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Item": {
+                "title": "Item",
+                "required": ["name", "price"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                    "price": {"title": "Price", "type": "number"},
+                },
+            },
+            "ResponseMessage": {
+                "title": "ResponseMessage",
+                "required": ["message"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {"message": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}},
+            },
+            "User": {
+                "title": "User",
+                "required": ["username", "email"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "username": {"title": "Username", "type": "string"},
+                    "email": {"title": "Email", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi():
+    with client:
+        response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+
+        assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_items():
+    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 5})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "Item received"}
+
+
+def test_post_users():
+    response = client.post(
+        "/users/", json={"username": "Foo", "email": "foo@example.com"}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "User received"}
+
+
+def test_get_items():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == [
+        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
+        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
+    ]
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_configurations/test_tutorial002b.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_configurations/test_tutorial002b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.path_operation_configuration.tutorial002b import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "tags": ["items"],
+                "summary": "Get Items",
+                "operationId": "get_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/users/": {
+            "get": {
+                "tags": ["users"],
+                "summary": "Read Users",
+                "operationId": "read_users_users__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_get_items():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == ["Portal gun", "Plumbus"]
+
+
+def test_get_users():
+    response = client.get("/users/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == ["Rick", "Morty"]
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial014 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Read Items",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_hidden_query():
+    response = client.get("/items?hidden_query=somevalue")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "somevalue"}
+
+
+def test_no_hidden_query():
+    response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014_py310.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial014_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ...utils import needs_py310
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Read Items",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client():
+    from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial014_py310 import app
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_hidden_query(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/items?hidden_query=somevalue")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "somevalue"}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_no_hidden_query(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"hidden_query": "Not found"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.request_files.tutorial001_02 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create File",
+                "operationId": "create_file_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_file_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfile/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload File",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_file_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_file_files__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_form_no_body():
+    response = client.post("/files/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No file sent"}
+
+
+def test_post_uploadfile_no_body():
+    response = client.post("/uploadfile/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+
+
+def test_post_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02_py310.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_02_py310.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ...utils import needs_py310
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create File",
+                "operationId": "create_file_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_file_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfile/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload File",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_file_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_file_files__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {"title": "File", "type": "string", "format": "binary"}
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client():
+    from docs_src.request_files.tutorial001_02_py310 import app
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_form_no_body(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post("/files/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No file sent"}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_uploadfile_no_body(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post("/uploadfile/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "No upload file sent"}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}
+
+
+@needs_py310
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_03.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial001_03.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.request_files.tutorial001_03 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create File",
+                "operationId": "create_file_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_file_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfile/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload File",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_file_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_file_files__post",
+                "required": ["file"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {
+                        "title": "File",
+                        "type": "string",
+                        "description": "A file read as bytes",
+                        "format": "binary",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_file_uploadfile__post",
+                "required": ["file"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "file": {
+                        "title": "File",
+                        "type": "string",
+                        "description": "A file read as UploadFile",
+                        "format": "binary",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from docs_src.request_files.tutorial003 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Files",
+                "operationId": "create_files_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_files_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfiles/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload Files",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Main",
+                "operationId": "main__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_files_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_files_files__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as bytes",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as UploadFile",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_post_files(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/files/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_sizes": [14, 15]}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/uploadfiles/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filenames": ["test.txt", "test2.txt"]}
+
+
+def test_get_root():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert b"<form" in response.content
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003_py39.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial003_py39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from ...utils import needs_py39
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Files",
+                "operationId": "create_files_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_files_files__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfiles/": {
+            "post": {
+                "summary": "Create Upload Files",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Main",
+                "operationId": "main__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_files_files__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_files_files__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as bytes",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                        "description": "Multiple files as UploadFile",
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="app")
+def get_app():
+    from docs_src.request_files.tutorial003_py39 import app
+
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="client")
+def get_client(app: FastAPI):
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    return client
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+file_required = {
+    "detail": [
+        {
+            "loc": ["body", "files"],
+            "msg": "field required",
+            "type": "value_error.missing",
+        }
+    ]
+}
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_post_files(tmp_path, app: FastAPI):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/files/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"file_sizes": [14, 15]}
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_post_upload_file(tmp_path, app: FastAPI):
+    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = tmp_path / "test2.txt"
+    path2.write_bytes(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with path.open("rb") as file, path2.open("rb") as file2:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/uploadfiles/",
+            files=(
+                ("files", ("test.txt", file)),
+                ("files", ("test2.txt", file2)),
+            ),
+        )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"filenames": ["test.txt", "test2.txt"]}
+
+
+@needs_py39
+def test_get_root(app: FastAPI):
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert b"<form" in response.content
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Sebastián Ramírez	c89dc736bd	📝 Update release notes	2022-03-04 23:11:21 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	19769d0483	🔖 Release version 0.75.0	2022-03-04 23:09:11 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	586d17bfb5	📝 Update release notes	2022-03-04 23:08:06 +01:00
github-actions	786b5858e5	📝 Update release notes	2022-03-04 22:02:55 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	8a0d4c79c1	✨ Add support for custom `generate_unique_id_function` and docs for generating clients (#4650 )	2022-03-04 23:02:18 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	440d2d2d1a	🔖 Release version 0.74.1	2022-02-21 16:54:18 +01:00
github-actions	e953059054	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-21 15:52:03 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	f5d7df3c6c	✨ Include route in scope to allow middleware and other tools to extract its information (#4603 )	2022-02-21 16:51:26 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1ce16c2f40	🔖 Release version 0.74.0	2022-02-17 17:08:23 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	03d4d4c38e	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-17 17:05:38 +01:00
github-actions	2d2f1dee5d	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-17 14:18:35 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	59e36481dc	🔧 Add Striveworks sponsor (#4596 )	2022-02-17 14:18:01 +00:00
github-actions	4fcb00328c	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-17 12:40:46 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9d56a3cb59	✨ Update internal `AsyncExitStack` to fix context for dependencies with `yield` (#4575 )	2022-02-17 13:40:12 +01:00
github-actions	78b07cb809	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-13 17:19:09 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	6034f80687	💚 Only build docs on push when on master to avoid duplicate runs from PRs (#4564 )	2022-02-13 18:18:38 +01:00
github-actions	b93f8a709a	📝 Update release notes	2022-02-01 14:28:16 +00:00
github-actions[bot]	618c99d774	👥 Update FastAPI People (#4502 ) Co-authored-by: github-actions <github-actions@github.com>	2022-02-01 15:27:34 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	291180bf2d	🔖 Release version 0.73.0	2022-01-23 23:38:51 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	cbe8d552c1	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 23:37:48 +01:00
github-actions	af18d5c49f	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 22:14:28 +00:00
Victor Benichoux	a698908ed6	🐛 Fix bug preventing to use OpenAPI when using tuples (#3874 ) Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 23:13:55 +01:00
github-actions	dba9ea8120	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 21:31:08 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	f8d4d04015	📝 Tweak and improve docs for Request Files (#4470 )	2022-01-23 21:30:35 +00:00
github-actions	5a864d8261	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 19:14:47 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1bf55200a9	✨ Add support for declaring `UploadFile` parameters without explicit `File()` (#4469 )	2022-01-23 19:14:13 +00:00
github-actions	59b1f353b3	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 17:43:36 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	569afb4378	✨ Add support for tags with Enums (#4468 )	2022-01-23 18:43:04 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0f8349fcb7	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 18:03:42 +01:00
github-actions	6215fdd39e	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 16:34:52 +00:00
Vivek Sunder	94ca8c1e29	🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in `jsonable_encoder` (#2061 ) Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 17:34:18 +01:00
github-actions	f4963f05bf	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 16:32:35 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	d4608a00cf	🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in `jsonable_encoder` (#4467 ) Co-authored-by: Vivek Sunder <sviveksunder@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 17:32:04 +01:00
github-actions	699b5ef841	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 16:14:28 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	3de0fb82bf	🐛 Fix docs dependencies cache, to get the latest Material for MkDocs (#4466 )	2022-01-23 17:13:49 +01:00
github-actions	85518bc58b	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 15:55:36 +00:00
Mark	ca5d57ea79	✨ Allow hiding from OpenAPI (and Swagger UI) `Query`, `Cookie`, `Header`, and `Path` parameters (#3144 ) Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>	2022-01-23 16:54:59 +01:00
github-actions	347e391271	📝 Update release notes	2022-01-23 14:56:44 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a75d080124	🔧 Add sponsor Dropbase (#4465 )	2022-01-23 15:56:14 +01:00