📝 Update release notes

Co-authored-by: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ body:
         Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
 
         Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-        
+
         I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-        
+
         I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
 
         All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
         That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
 
         By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-        
+
         And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
 
         As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ body:
       label: Commit to Help
       description: |
         After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-          
+
           * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
           * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
           * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ body:
         Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
 
         Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-        
+
         I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-        
+
         I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
 
         All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
         That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
 
         By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-        
+
         And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
 
         As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ body:
       label: Commit to Help
       description: |
         After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-          
+
           * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
           * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
           * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.

.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 import httpx
 from github import Github
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ github_api = "https://api.github.com"
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_repository: str
     github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
+    github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
     input_token: SecretStr
     input_deploy_url: str
 
@@ -42,15 +42,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     except ValidationError as e:
         logging.error(f"Error parsing event file: {e.errors()}")
         sys.exit(0)
-    use_pr: Optional[PullRequest] = None
+    use_pr: Union[PullRequest, None] = None
     for pr in repo.get_pulls():
         if pr.head.sha == event.workflow_run.head_commit.id:
             use_pr = pr
             break
     if not use_pr:
-        logging.error(
-            f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}"
-        )
+        logging.error(f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}")
         sys.exit(0)
     github_headers = {
         "Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import logging
+import random
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
-import random
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from typing import Dict, Union
 
 import yaml
 from github import Github
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_repository: str
     input_token: SecretStr
     github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
-    input_debug: Optional[bool] = False
+    github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
+    input_debug: Union[bool, None] = False
 
 
 class PartialGitHubEventIssue(BaseModel):
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
     if pr.state == "open":
         logging.debug(f"PR is open: {pr.number}")
-        label_strs = set([label.name for label in pr.get_labels()])
+        label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
         if lang_all_label in label_strs and awaiting_label in label_strs:
             logging.info(
                 f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: {pr.number}"

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml

@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ uk: 1748
 tr: 1892
 fr: 1972
 ko: 2017
-sq: 2041
+fa: 2041
 pl: 3169
 de: 3716
 id: 3717
 az: 3994
 nl: 4701
 uz: 4883
+sv: 5146
+he: 5157

.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import sys
 from collections import Counter, defaultdict
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union
 
 import httpx
 import yaml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
 github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
 
 issues_query = """
-query Q($after: String) { 
+query Q($after: String) {
   repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
     issues(first: 100, after: $after) {
       edges {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ query Q($after: String) {
 """
 
 prs_query = """
-query Q($after: String) { 
+query Q($after: String) {
   repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
     pullRequests(first: 100, after: $after) {
       edges {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class Author(BaseModel):
 
 class CommentsNode(BaseModel):
     createdAt: datetime
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
 
 
 class Comments(BaseModel):
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class Comments(BaseModel):
 
 class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
     number: int
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
     title: str
     createdAt: datetime
     state: str
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class Labels(BaseModel):
 
 
 class ReviewNode(BaseModel):
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
     state: str
 
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class Reviews(BaseModel):
 class PullRequestNode(BaseModel):
     number: int
     labels: Labels
-    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
     title: str
     createdAt: datetime
     state: str
@@ -260,19 +260,21 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     input_token: SecretStr
     input_standard_token: SecretStr
     github_repository: str
+    httpx_timeout: int = 30
 
 
 def get_graphql_response(
-    *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Optional[str] = None
+    *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Union[str, None] = None
 ):
     headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
     variables = {"after": after}
     response = httpx.post(
         github_graphql_url,
         headers=headers,
+        timeout=settings.httpx_timeout,
         json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
     )
-    if not response.status_code == 200:
+    if response.status_code != 200:
         logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}")
         logging.error(response.text)
         raise RuntimeError(response.text)
@@ -280,19 +282,19 @@ def get_graphql_response(
     return data
 
 
-def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=issues_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = IssuesResponse.parse_obj(data)
     return graphql_response.data.repository.issues.edges
 
 
-def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=prs_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = PRsResponse.parse_obj(data)
     return graphql_response.data.repository.pullRequests.edges
 
 
-def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=sponsors_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = SponsorsResponse.parse_obj(data)
     return graphql_response.data.user.sponsorshipsAsMaintainer.edges

.github/actions/watch-previews/app/main.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import List, Union
 
 import httpx
 from github import Github
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     input_token: SecretStr
     github_repository: str
     github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
+    github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
 
 
 class Artifact(BaseModel):
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         logging.info(f"Docs preview was notified: {notified}")
         if not notified:
             artifact_name = f"docs-zip-{commit}"
-            use_artifact: Optional[Artifact] = None
+            use_artifact: Union[Artifact, None] = None
             for artifact in artifacts_response.artifacts:
                 if artifact.name == artifact_name:
                     use_artifact = artifact

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  # GitHub Actions
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: ⬆
+  # Python
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: ⬆

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
         run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.7"
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs-v2
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03
       - name: Install Flit
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ jobs:
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc
       - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
-        if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
       - name: Build Docs
         run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all
       - name: Zip docs
         run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: docs-zip
           path: ./docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-branch: master

.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ on:
         description: PR number
         required: true
       debug_enabled:
-        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'     
+        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
         required: false
         default: false
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
   latest-changes:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           # To allow latest-changes to commit to master
           token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
   notify-translations:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # Allow debugging with tmate
       - name: Setup tmate session
         uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3

.github/workflows/people.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       debug_enabled:
-        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'     
+        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
         required: false
         default: false
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   fastapi-people:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       # Allow debugging with tmate
       - name: Setup tmate session
         uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3

.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ on:
   workflow_run:
     workflows:
       - Build Docs
-    types: 
+    types:
       - completed
 
 jobs:
   preview-docs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Download Artifact Docs
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.9.0
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.23.0
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           workflow: build-docs.yml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
           rm -f docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
         id: netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-deploy: false

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
         run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.6"
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: bash scripts/test.sh
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# See https://pre-commit.com for more information
+# See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+repos:
+-   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.3.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: check-added-large-files
+    -   id: check-toml
+    -   id: check-yaml
+        args:
+        -   --unsafe
+    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
+    -   id: trailing-whitespace
+-   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v2.37.3
+    hooks:
+    -   id: pyupgrade
+        args:
+        - --py3-plus
+        - --keep-runtime-typing
+-   repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake
+    rev: v1.5.3
+    hooks:
+    -   id: autoflake
+        args:
+        - --recursive
+        - --in-place
+        - --remove-all-unused-imports
+        - --remove-unused-variables
+        - --expand-star-imports
+        - --exclude
+        - __init__.py
+        - --remove-duplicate-keys
+-   repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
+    rev: 5.10.1
+    hooks:
+    -   id: isort
+        name: isort (python)
+    -   id: isort
+        name: isort (cython)
+        types: [cython]
+    -   id: isort
+        name: isort (pyi)
+        types: [pyi]
+-   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+    rev: 22.8.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: black
+ci:
+    autofix_commit_msg: 🎨 [pre-commit.ci] Auto format from pre-commit.com hooks
+    autoupdate_commit_msg: ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

README.md

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs wi
 The key features are:
 
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
-
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
 * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@@ -47,10 +46,10 @@ The key features are:
 
 <!-- sponsors -->
 
-<a href="https://bit.ly/2QSouzH" target="_blank" title="Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S" target="_blank" title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C" target="_blank" title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
-<a href="https://classiq.link/n4s" target="_blank" title="Join the team building a new SaaS platform that will change the computing world"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/classiq.png"></a>
-<a href="https://www.dropbase.io/careers" target="_blank" title="Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank" title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
 * Create a file `main.py` with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
 If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ async def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -277,7 +276,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
 class Item(BaseModel):
     name: str
     price: float
-    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
 
 
 @app.get("/")
@@ -286,7 +285,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇
 
 ## Versions
 
-The latest versions of FastAPI are supported.
+The latest version of FastAPI is supported.
 
 You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**.
 

docs/az/mkdocs.yml

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
   name: material
   custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-  - scheme: default
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)'
+    scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
       icon: material/lightbulb
       name: Switch to light mode
-  - scheme: slate
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+    scheme: slate
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ nav:
   - es: /es/
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
+  - he: /he/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ nav:
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
+  - sv: /sv/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -71,6 +75,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
       format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
 - pymdownx.tabbed:
     alternate_style: true
+- attr_list
+- md_in_html
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
@@ -103,6 +109,8 @@ extra:
     name: fa
   - link: /fr/
     name: fr - français
+  - link: /he/
+    name: he
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -121,6 +129,8 @@ extra:
     name: ru - русский язык
   - link: /sq/
     name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /sv/
+    name: sv - svenska
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/de/docs/features.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzers
 
 Alles basiert auf **Python 3.6 Typ**-Deklarationen (dank Pydantic). Es muss keine neue Syntax gelernt werden, nur standardisiertes modernes Python.
 
- 
+
 
 Wenn Sie eine kurze, zweiminütige, Auffrischung in der Benutzung von Python Typ-Deklarationen benötigen (auch wenn Sie FastAPI nicht nutzen), schauen Sie sich diese kurze Einführung an (Englisch): Python Types{.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar
 
 ### Kompakt
 
-FastAPI nutzt für alles sinnvolle **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen.
+FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen.
 
 Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
 
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ Die gesamte Validierung übernimmt das etablierte und robuste **Pydantic**.
 
 ### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung
 
-Sicherheit und Authentifizierung integriert. Ohne einen Kompromiss aufgrund einer Datenbank oder den Datenentitäten.
+Integrierte Sicherheit und Authentifizierung. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen.
 
-Unterstützt alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören:
+Unterstützt werden alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören:
 
 * HTTP Basis Authentifizierung.
 * **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges <abbr title='oft v
 * **Automatische Umsetzung** durch FastAPI.
 * Alle abhängigen Komponenten könnten Daten von Anfragen, **Erweiterungen der Pfadoperations-**Einschränkungen und der automatisierten Dokumentation benötigen.
 * **Automatische Validierung** selbst für *Pfadoperationen*-Parameter, die in den Abhängigkeiten definiert wurden.
-* Unterstützt komplexe Benutzerauthentifizierungssysteme, mit **Datenbankverbindungen**, usw.
-* **Keine Kompromisse** bei Datenbanken, Eingabemasken, usw., sondern einfache Integration von allen.
+* Unterstützt komplexe Benutzerauthentifizierungssysteme, **Datenbankverbindungen**, usw.
+* **Keine Kompromisse** bei Datenbanken, Eingabemasken, usw. Sondern einfache Integration von allen.
 
 ### Unbegrenzte Erweiterungen
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Jede Integration wurde so entworfen, dass sie einfach zu nutzen ist (mit Abhäng
 
 Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nur Starlette auf Steroiden ist):
 
-* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">eines der schnellsten Python frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**</a>.
+* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">eines der schnellsten Python Frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**</a>.
 * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung.
 * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess.
 * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren.
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d
 * Gutes Zusammenspiel mit Ihrer/Ihrem **<abbr title="Integrierten Entwicklungsumgebung, ähnlich zu (Quellcode-)Editor">IDE</abbr>/<abbr title="Ein Programm, was Fehler im Quellcode sucht">linter</abbr>/Gehirn**:
     * Weil Datenstrukturen von Pydantic einfach nur Instanzen ihrer definierten Klassen sind, sollten Autovervollständigung, Linting, mypy und ihre Intuition einwandfrei funktionieren.
 * **Schnell**:
-    * In <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#benchmarks-tag" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vergleichen</a> ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
+    * In <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/benchmarks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vergleichen</a> ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
 * Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**:
     * Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc.
-    * Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema.
+    * Validierungen erlauben eine klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema.
     * Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert.
 * **Erweiterbar**:
-    * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder Sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern..
+    * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.
 * 100% Testabdeckung.

docs/de/docs/index.md

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.u
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
+$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 * Create a file `main.py` with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
 If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
 class Item(BaseModel):
     name: str
     price: float
-    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
 
 
 @app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 
 
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" targe
 
 ### Recap
 
-In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. 
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
 
 You do that with standard modern Python types.
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
     * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
     * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
 * For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
-    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. 
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
     * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
     * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
     * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.

docs/de/mkdocs.yml

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
   name: material
   custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-  - scheme: default
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)'
+    scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
       icon: material/lightbulb
       name: Switch to light mode
-  - scheme: slate
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+    scheme: slate
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
     toggle:
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ nav:
   - es: /es/
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
+  - he: /he/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ nav:
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
+  - sv: /sv/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -72,6 +76,8 @@ markdown_extensions:
       format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
 - pymdownx.tabbed:
     alternate_style: true
+- attr_list
+- md_in_html
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
@@ -104,6 +110,8 @@ extra:
     name: fa
   - link: /fr/
     name: fr - français
+  - link: /he/
+    name: he
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -122,6 +130,8 @@ extra:
     name: ru - русский язык
   - link: /sq/
     name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /sv/
+    name: sv - svenska
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 articles:
   english:
+  - author: New Relic
+    author_link: https://newrelic.com
+    link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468
+    title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent
+  - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher
+    author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher
+    link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app
+    title: Building the Poll App From Django Tutorial With FastAPI And React
   - author: Silvan Melchior
     author_link: https://github.com/silvanmelchior
     link: https://blog.devgenius.io/seamless-fastapi-configuration-with-confz-90949c14ea12
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ articles:
   - author: Patrick Ladon
     author_link: https://dev.to/factorlive
     link: https://dev.to/factorlive/python-facebook-messenger-webhook-with-fastapi-on-glitch-4n90
-    title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch  
+    title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch
   - author: Dom Patmore
     author_link: https://twitter.com/dompatmore
     link: https://dompatmore.com/blog/authenticate-your-fastapi-app-with-auth0
@@ -204,10 +212,14 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes
     link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes/fastapi-starlette-debug-vs-prod-5f7561db3a59
     title: FastAPI/Starlette debug vs prod
-  - author: Mukul Mantosh  
+  - author: Mukul Mantosh
     author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul
     link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/
     title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS
+  - author: KrishNa
+    author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365
+    link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92
+    title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres
   german:
   - author: Nico Axtmann
     author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax

docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 sponsors:
-- - login: cryptapi
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/cryptapi
-  - login: jina-ai
+- - login: jina-ai
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60539444?v=4
     url: https://github.com/jina-ai
-  - login: DropbaseHQ
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/85367855?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/DropbaseHQ
-- - login: sushi2all
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1043732?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/sushi2all
+- - login: Doist
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2565372?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/Doist
+  - login: cryptapi
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/cryptapi
+- - login: ObliviousAI
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65656077?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/ObliviousAI
+  - login: Lovage-Labs
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71685552?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/Lovage-Labs
   - login: chaserowbotham
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/97751084?v=4
     url: https://github.com/chaserowbotham
@@ -32,18 +35,15 @@ sponsors:
   - login: VincentParedes
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/103889729?v=4
     url: https://github.com/VincentParedes
-- - login: plocher
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1082871?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/plocher
 - - login: InesIvanova
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22920417?u=409882ec1df6dbd77455788bb383a8de223dbf6f&v=4
     url: https://github.com/InesIvanova
 - - login: SendCloud
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7831959?v=4
     url: https://github.com/SendCloud
-  - login: qaas
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8503759?u=10a6b4391ad6ab4cf9487ce54e3fcb61322d1efc&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/qaas
+  - login: mercedes-benz
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34240465?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/mercedes-benz
   - login: xoflare
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/74335107?v=4
     url: https://github.com/xoflare
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ sponsors:
   - login: BoostryJP
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57932412?v=4
     url: https://github.com/BoostryJP
+  - login: Jonathanjwp
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/110426978?u=5e6ed4984022cb8886c4fdfdc0c59f55c48a2f1d&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/Jonathanjwp
 - - login: johnadjei
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/767860?v=4
     url: https://github.com/johnadjei
@@ -62,27 +65,48 @@ sponsors:
   - login: wdwinslow
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11562137?u=dc01daafb354135603a263729e3d26d939c0c452&v=4
     url: https://github.com/wdwinslow
+  - login: khalidelboray
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37024839?u=9a4b19123b5a1ba39dc581f8e4e1bc53fafdda2e&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/khalidelboray
 - - login: moellenbeck
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/169372?v=4
     url: https://github.com/moellenbeck
   - login: RodneyU215
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3329665?u=ec6a9adf8e7e8e306eed7d49687c398608d1604f&v=4
     url: https://github.com/RodneyU215
-  - login: grillazz
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3415861?u=0b32b7073ae1ab8b7f6d2db0188c2e1e357ff451&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/grillazz
   - login: tizz98
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5739698?u=f095a3659e3a8e7c69ccd822696990b521ea25f9&v=4
     url: https://github.com/tizz98
+  - login: Vikka
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9381120?u=4bfc7032a824d1ed1994aa8256dfa597c8f187ad&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/Vikka
   - login: jmaralc
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21101214?u=b15a9f07b7cbf6c9dcdbcb6550bbd2c52f55aa50&v=4
     url: https://github.com/jmaralc
-  - login: marutoraman
+  - login: takashi-yoneya
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33813153?u=2d0522bceba0b8b69adf1f2db866503bd96f944e&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/marutoraman
+    url: https://github.com/takashi-yoneya
+  - login: leynier
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36774373?u=2284831c821307de562ebde5b59014d5416c7e0d&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/leynier
   - login: mainframeindustries
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/55092103?v=4
     url: https://github.com/mainframeindustries
+  - login: DelfinaCare
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/83734439?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/DelfinaCare
+- - login: povilasb
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1213442?u=b11f58ed6ceea6e8297c9b310030478ebdac894d&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/povilasb
+  - login: primer-io
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62146168?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/primer-io
+- - login: ekpyrosis
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60075?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/ekpyrosis
+  - login: ryangrose
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24993976?u=052f346aa859f3e52c21bd2c1792f61a98cfbacf&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/ryangrose
   - login: A-Edge
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59514131?v=4
     url: https://github.com/A-Edge
@@ -92,18 +116,18 @@ sponsors:
   - login: samuelcolvin
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4039449?u=807390ba9cfe23906c3bf8a0d56aaca3cf2bfa0d&v=4
     url: https://github.com/samuelcolvin
-  - login: jokull
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/701?u=0532b62166893d5160ef795c4c8b7512d971af05&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/jokull
   - login: jefftriplett
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50527?u=af1ddfd50f6afd6d99f333ba2ac8d0a5b245ea74&v=4
     url: https://github.com/jefftriplett
+  - login: medecau
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59870?u=f9341c95adaba780828162fd4c7442357ecfcefa&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/medecau
   - login: kamalgill
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/133923?u=0df9181d97436ce330e9acf90ab8a54b7022efe7&v=4
     url: https://github.com/kamalgill
-  - login: jsutton
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/280777?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/jsutton
+  - login: dekoza
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/210980?u=c03c78a8ae1039b500dfe343665536ebc51979b2&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/dekoza
   - login: deserat
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/299332?v=4
     url: https://github.com/deserat
@@ -117,14 +141,17 @@ sponsors:
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/630670?u=507d8577b4b3670546b449c4c2ccbc5af40d72f7&v=4
     url: https://github.com/koxudaxi
   - login: jqueguiner
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/690878?u=e4835b2a985a0f2d52018e4926cb5a58c26a62e8&v=4
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/690878?u=bd65cc1f228ce6455e56dfaca3ef47c33bc7c3b0&v=4
     url: https://github.com/jqueguiner
+  - login: alexsantos
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/932219?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/alexsantos
+  - login: tcsmith
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/989034?u=7d8d741552b3279e8f4d3878679823a705a46f8f&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/tcsmith
   - login: ltieman
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-  - login: kitaramu0401
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-    url: https://github.com/kitaramu0401
+  - login: ruizdiazever
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/29817086?u=2df54af55663d246e3a4dc8273711c37f1adb117&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/ruizdiazever
+  - login: HosamAlmoghraby
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32025281?u=aa1b09feabccbf9dc506b81c71155f32d126cefa&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/HosamAlmoghraby
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     url: https://github.com/declon
+  - login: alvarobartt
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36760800?u=ac9ccb8b9164eb5fe7d5276142591aa1b8080daf&v=4
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     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36816716?v=4
     url: https://github.com/d-e-h-i-o
+  - login: ww-daniel-mora
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-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43553423?u=fee5739394fea074cb0b66929d070114a5067aae&v=4
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43553423?u=2a812c1a2ec58227ed01778837f255143de9df97&v=4
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-    url: https://github.com/Nephilim-Jack
+  - login: MauriceKuenicke
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-  - login: denisyao1
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60019356?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/denisyao1
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     url: https://github.com/apar-tiwari
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62864373?u=1a9b0b28779abc2bc9b62cb4d2e44d453973c9c3&v=4
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66185192?u=001e2dd9297784f4218997981b4e6fa8357bb70b&v=4
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+  - login: pondDevThai
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71592181?u=08af9a59bccfd8f6b101de1005aa9822007d0a44&v=4
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     url: https://github.com/backbord
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-    url: https://github.com/sadikkuzu
+  - login: mattwelke
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7719209?u=5d963ead289969257190b133250653bd99df06ba&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/mattwelke
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     url: https://github.com/danburonline
+  - login: Moises6669
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66188523?u=81761d977faabab60cba5a06e7d50b44416c0c99&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/Moises6669

docs/en/data/people.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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-  prs: 300
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1326112?u=5cad72c846b7aba2e960546af490edc7375dafc4&v=4
+  answers: 1265
+  prs: 333
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1326112?u=740f11212a731f56798f558ceddb0bd07642afa7&v=4
   url: https://github.com/tiangolo
 experts:
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+  count: 360
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   url: https://github.com/Kludex
 - login: dmontagu
@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@ experts:
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   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/331403?v=4
   url: https://github.com/phy25
+- login: JarroVGIT
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@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ experts:
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-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7534547?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/chbndrhnns
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@@ -117,18 +129,22 @@ experts:
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   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/565544?v=4
   url: https://github.com/chris-allnutt
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   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2669034?u=115e53df959309898ad8dc9443fbb35fee71df07&v=4
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@@ -141,10 +157,6 @@ experts:
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@@ -153,71 +165,55 @@ experts:
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-- login: aalifadv
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-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/78442260?v=4
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 top_contributors:
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@@ -232,32 +228,36 @@ top_contributors:
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-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=706e1ee3f248245f2d68b976d149d06fd5a2010d&v=4
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@@ -275,6 +275,10 @@ top_contributors:
   count: 5
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1175560?v=4
   url: https://github.com/Attsun1031
+- login: ComicShrimp
+  count: 5
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
 - login: jekirl
   count: 4
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2546697?u=a027452387d85bd4a14834e19d716c99255fb3b7&v=4
@@ -291,15 +295,35 @@ top_contributors:
   count: 4
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39375566?u=260ad6b1a4b34c07dbfa728da5e586f16f6d1824&v=4
   url: https://github.com/komtaki
+- login: hitrust
+  count: 4
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3360631?u=5fa1f475ad784d64eb9666bdd43cc4d285dcc773&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/hitrust
+- login: rjNemo
+  count: 4
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/rjNemo
+- login: lsglucas
+  count: 4
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/lsglucas
 - login: NinaHwang
   count: 4
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4
   url: https://github.com/NinaHwang
 top_reviewers:
 - login: Kludex
-  count: 93
+  count: 96
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=62adc405ef418f4b6c8caa93d3eb8ab107bc4927&v=4
   url: https://github.com/Kludex
+- login: BilalAlpaslan
+  count: 51
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47563997?u=63ed66e304fe8d765762c70587d61d9196e5c82d&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan
+- login: tokusumi
+  count: 50
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41147016?u=55010621aece725aa702270b54fed829b6a1fe60&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/tokusumi
 - login: waynerv
   count: 47
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39515546?u=ec35139777597cdbbbddda29bf8b9d4396b429a9&v=4
@@ -308,10 +332,6 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 47
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59285379?v=4
   url: https://github.com/Laineyzhang55
-- login: tokusumi
-  count: 46
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41147016?u=55010621aece725aa702270b54fed829b6a1fe60&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/tokusumi
 - login: ycd
   count: 45
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62724709?u=826f228edf0bab0d19ad1d5c4ba4df1047ccffef&v=4
@@ -320,18 +340,22 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 41
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24587499?u=e772190a051ab0eaa9c8542fcff1892471638f2b&v=4
   url: https://github.com/cikay
-- login: BilalAlpaslan
-  count: 40
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47563997?u=63ed66e304fe8d765762c70587d61d9196e5c82d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan
+- login: yezz123
+  count: 39
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52716203?u=636b4f79645176df4527dd45c12d5dbb5a4193cf&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/yezz123
 - login: AdrianDeAnda
   count: 33
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1024932?u=bb7f8a0d6c9de4e9d0320a9f271210206e202250&v=4
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1024932?u=b2ea249c6b41ddf98679c8d110d0f67d4a3ebf93&v=4
   url: https://github.com/AdrianDeAnda
 - login: ArcLightSlavik
   count: 31
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31127044?u=b0f2c37142f4b762e41ad65dc49581813422bd71&v=4
   url: https://github.com/ArcLightSlavik
+- login: JarroVGIT
+  count: 27
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13659033?u=e8bea32d07a5ef72f7dde3b2079ceb714923ca05&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/JarroVGIT
 - login: cassiobotaro
   count: 25
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3127847?u=b0a652331da17efeb85cd6e3a4969182e5004804&v=4
@@ -344,18 +368,18 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 21
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39375566?u=260ad6b1a4b34c07dbfa728da5e586f16f6d1824&v=4
   url: https://github.com/komtaki
-- login: yezz123
-  count: 19
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52716203?u=636b4f79645176df4527dd45c12d5dbb5a4193cf&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/yezz123
 - login: hard-coders
-  count: 19
+  count: 20
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9651103?u=95db33927bbff1ed1c07efddeb97ac2ff33068ed&v=4
   url: https://github.com/hard-coders
 - login: 0417taehyun
   count: 19
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63915557?u=47debaa860fd52c9b98c97ef357ddcec3b3fb399&v=4
   url: https://github.com/0417taehyun
+- login: lsglucas
+  count: 18
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/lsglucas
 - login: zy7y
   count: 17
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67154681?u=5d634834cc514028ea3f9115f7030b99a1f4d5a4&v=4
@@ -364,14 +388,14 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 16
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21978760?v=4
   url: https://github.com/yanever
-- login: lsglucas
-  count: 16
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/lsglucas
 - login: SwftAlpc
   count: 16
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52768429?u=6a3aa15277406520ad37f6236e89466ed44bc5b8&v=4
   url: https://github.com/SwftAlpc
+- login: rjNemo
+  count: 16
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/rjNemo
 - login: Smlep
   count: 16
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4
@@ -388,18 +412,26 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 15
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63476957?u=6c86e59b48e0394d4db230f37fc9ad4d7e2c27c7&v=4
   url: https://github.com/delhi09
-- login: rjNemo
-  count: 14
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/rjNemo
-- login: RunningIkkyu
-  count: 12
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=706e1ee3f248245f2d68b976d149d06fd5a2010d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu
 - login: sh0nk
-  count: 12
+  count: 13
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6478810?u=af15d724875cec682ed8088a86d36b2798f981c0&v=4
   url: https://github.com/sh0nk
+- login: RunningIkkyu
+  count: 12
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=efb5b45b55584450507834f279ce48d4d64dea2f&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu
+- login: odiseo0
+  count: 12
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=ab724eae71c3fe1cf81e8dc76e73415da926ef7d&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/odiseo0
+- login: LorhanSohaky
+  count: 11
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16273730?u=095b66f243a2cd6a0aadba9a095009f8aaf18393&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/LorhanSohaky
+- login: solomein-sv
+  count: 11
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46193920?u=46acfb4aeefb1d7b9fdc5a8cbd9eb8744683c47a&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/solomein-sv
 - login: mariacamilagl
   count: 10
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11489395?u=4adb6986bf3debfc2b8216ae701f2bd47d73da7d&v=4
@@ -412,10 +444,10 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 10
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7887703?v=4
   url: https://github.com/maoyibo
-- login: solomein-sv
+- login: ComicShrimp
   count: 10
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46193920?u=46acfb4aeefb1d7b9fdc5a8cbd9eb8744683c47a&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/solomein-sv
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
 - login: graingert
   count: 9
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?v=4
@@ -432,6 +464,14 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 9
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/69092910?u=4ac58eab99bd37d663f3d23551df96d4fbdbf760&v=4
   url: https://github.com/bezaca
+- login: izaguerreiro
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2241504?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/izaguerreiro
+- login: raphaelauv
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/raphaelauv
 - login: blt232018
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43393471?u=172b0e0391db1aa6c1706498d6dfcb003c8a4857&v=4
@@ -440,10 +480,6 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5690226?v=4
   url: https://github.com/rogerbrinkmann
-- login: ComicShrimp
-  count: 8
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
 - login: NinaHwang
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4
@@ -456,14 +492,14 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 7
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4
   url: https://github.com/Serrones
+- login: jovicon
+  count: 7
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21287303?u=b049eac3e51a4c0473c2efe66b4d28a7d8f2b572&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/jovicon
 - login: ryuckel
   count: 7
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36391432?u=094eec0cfddd5013f76f31e55e56147d78b19553&v=4
   url: https://github.com/ryuckel
-- login: raphaelauv
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/raphaelauv
 - login: NastasiaSaby
   count: 7
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8245071?u=b3afd005f9e4bf080c219ef61a592b3a8004b764&v=4
@@ -472,23 +508,3 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 7
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1405026?v=4
   url: https://github.com/Mause
-- login: AlexandreBiguet
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1483079?u=ff926455cd4cab03c6c49441aa5dc2b21df3e266&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/AlexandreBiguet
-- login: krocdort
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34248814?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/krocdort
-- login: jovicon
-  count: 6
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21287303?u=b049eac3e51a4c0473c2efe66b4d28a7d8f2b572&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/jovicon
-- login: LorhanSohaky
-  count: 6
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16273730?u=095b66f243a2cd6a0aadba9a095009f8aaf18393&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/LorhanSohaky
-- login: peidrao
-  count: 6
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32584628?u=88c2cb42a99e0f50cdeae3606992568184783ee5&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/peidrao

docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 gold:
-  - url: https://bit.ly/2QSouzH
-    title: "Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes."
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg
+  - url: https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S
+    title: The data structure for unstructured multimodal data
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg
+  - url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C
+    title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg
   - url: https://cryptapi.io/
     title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
-  - url: https://classiq.link/n4s
-    title: Join the team building a new SaaS platform that will change the computing world
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/classiq.png
-  - url: https://www.dropbase.io/careers
-    title: Dropbase - seamlessly collect, clean, and centralize data.
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dropbase.svg
+  - url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python
+    title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg
 silver:
   - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
     title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ bronze:
   - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source
     title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy.
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/exoflare.png
-  - url: https://striveworks.us/careers?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor_banner&utm_campaign=feb_march#openings
+  - url: https://bit.ly/3ccLCmM
     title: https://striveworks.us/careers
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks.png
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/striveworks2.png

docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml

@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@ logins:
   - InesIvanova
   - DropbaseHQ
   - VincentParedes
+  - BLUE-DEVIL1134
+  - ObliviousAI
+  - Doist

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod
 
 For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write:
 
-```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+```Python hl_lines="18  22"
 {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic
     **FastAPI** will take the Pydantic model from there, generate the `JSON Schema`, and put it in the correct place.
 
     The correct place is:
-    
+
     * In the key `content`, that has as value another JSON object (`dict`) that contains:
         * A key with the media type, e.g. `application/json`, that contains as value another JSON object, that contains:
             * A key `schema`, that has as the value the JSON Schema from the model, here's the correct place.

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before
 
 To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:
 
-```Python hl_lines="4  23"
+```Python hl_lines="4  25"
 {!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly,
     When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.
 
     It won't be serialized with a model, etc.
-    
+
     Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`).
 
 !!! note "Technical Details"

docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -26,13 +26,23 @@ The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchro
 
 ## Example
 
-For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module:
+For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py
+│   └── test_main.py
+```
+
+The file `main.py` would have:
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!}
 ```
 
-The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now:
+The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now:
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}

docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use <a href="
 
 Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*.
 
+For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
+
+This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable with JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
+
+But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
+
 ```Python hl_lines="2  7"
 {!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!}
 ```
@@ -244,6 +250,36 @@ You can also use the `response_class` parameter:
 
 In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* function.
 
+## Custom response class
+
+You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.
+
+For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.
+
+Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.
+
+You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9-14  17"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!}
+```
+
+Now instead of returning:
+
+```json
+{"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+...this response will return:
+
+```json
+{
+  "message": "Hello World"
+}
+```
+
+Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉
+
 ## Default response class
 
 When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default.

docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/datac
 {!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-This is still thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
+This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
 
 So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses.
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md

@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ You can probably right-click each link and select an option similar to `Save lin
 
 **Swagger UI** uses the files:
 
-* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@3/swagger-ui-bundle.js" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui-bundle.js`</a>
-* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@3/swagger-ui.css" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui.css`</a>
+* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@4/swagger-ui-bundle.js" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui-bundle.js`</a>
+* <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@4/swagger-ui.css" class="external-link" target="_blank">`swagger-ui.css`</a>
 
 And **ReDoc** uses the file:
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query
 
 This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you:
 
-```Python hl_lines="10-14  37-54"
+```Python hl_lines="9-13  36-53"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh
 
 First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks.
 
-```Python hl_lines="5  26"
+```Python hl_lines="3  25"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*:
 * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`.
 * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="17-19  22-23  29-33"
+```Python hl_lines="16-18  21-22  28-32"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that
 
 Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router:
 
-```Python hl_lines="36"
+```Python hl_lines="35"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

@@ -34,13 +34,19 @@ Here's a more complete example.
 
 Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct.
 
-For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password:
+For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password.
 
-```Python hl_lines="1  11-13"
+`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`.
+
+To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8.
+
+Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  11-21"
 {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
 ```
 
-This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to:
+This would be similar to:
 
 ```Python
 if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
@@ -102,6 +108,6 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be
 
 After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again:
 
-```Python hl_lines="15-19"
+```Python hl_lines="23-27"
 {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
 ```

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with
     You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.
 
     But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs.
-    
+
     Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.
 
     In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.
-    
+
     But if you know you need it, or you are curious, keep reading.
 
 ## OAuth2 scopes and OpenAPI
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:
     In OAuth2 a "scope" is just a string that declares a specific permission required.
 
     It doesn't matter if it has other characters like `:` or if it is a URL.
-    
+
     Those details are implementation specific.
 
     For OAuth2 they are just strings.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ In this case, it requires the scope `me` (it could require more than one scope).
 
 !!! note
     You don't necessarily need to add different scopes in different places.
-    
+
     We are doing it here to demonstrate how **FastAPI** handles scopes declared at different levels.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  139  166"

docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`.
     To avoid confusion between the Peewee *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the Peewee models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models.
 
     These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape).
-    
+
     So this will help us avoiding confusion while using both.
 
 ### Create the Pydantic *models* / schemas

docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ To override a dependency for testing, you put as a key the original dependency (
 
 And then **FastAPI** will call that override instead of the original dependency.
 
-```Python hl_lines="26-27  30"
+```Python hl_lines="28-29  32"
 {!../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -2,6 +2,20 @@
 
 You can use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSockets</a> with **FastAPI**.
 
+## Install `WebSockets`
+
+First you need to install `WebSockets`:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install websockets
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
 ## WebSockets client
 
 ### In production

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It
 
 !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
     Find a way to have a crazy performance.
-    
+
     That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks).
 
 ### <a href="https://falconframework.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Falcon</a>
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Now APIStar is a set of tools to validate OpenAPI specifications, not a web fram
     Exist.
 
     The idea of declaring multiple things (data validation, serialization and documentation) with the same Python types, that at the same time provided great editor support, was something I considered a brilliant idea.
-    
+
     And after searching for a long time for a similar framework and testing many different alternatives, APIStar was the best option available.
 
     Then APIStar stopped to exist as a server and Starlette was created, and was a new better foundation for such a system. That was the final inspiration to build **FastAPI**.
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ That's one of the main things that **FastAPI** adds on top, all based on Python
     Handle all the core web parts. Adding features on top.
 
     The class `FastAPI` itself inherits directly from the class `Starlette`.
-    
+
     So, anything that you can do with Starlette, you can do it directly with **FastAPI**, as it is basically Starlette on steroids.
 
 ### <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>

docs/en/docs/async.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results():
 
 ---
 
-If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
+If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="2"
 @app.get('/')
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`.
 
 ---
 
-**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
+**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
 
 Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast.
 
@@ -102,87 +102,117 @@ To see the difference, imagine the following story about burgers:
 
 ### Concurrent Burgers
 
-<!-- The gender neutral cook emoji "🧑‍🍳" does not render well in browsers. In the meantime, I'm using a mix of male "👨‍🍳" and female "👩‍🍳" cooks. -->
+You go with your crush to get fast food, you stand in line while the cashier takes the orders from the people in front of you. 😍
 
-You go with your crush 😍 to get fast food 🍔, you stand in line while the cashier 💁 takes the orders from the people in front of you.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png" class="illustration">
 
-Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you.
+Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. 🍔🍔
 
-You pay 💸.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png" class="illustration">
 
-The cashier 💁 says something to the cook in the kitchen 👨‍🍳 so they know they have to prepare your burgers 🍔 (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients).
+The cashier says something to the cook in the kitchen so they know they have to prepare your burgers (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients).
 
-The cashier 💁 gives you the number of your turn.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-03.png" class="illustration">
 
-While you are waiting, you go with your crush 😍 and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush 😍 for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare ✨🍔✨).
+You pay. 💸
 
-As you are sitting at the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
+The cashier gives you the number of your turn.
 
-While waiting and talking to your crush 😍, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already.
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-04.png" class="illustration">
 
-Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers 🍔 and come back to the table.
+While you are waiting, you go with your crush and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare).
 
-You and your crush 😍 eat the burgers 🍔 and have a nice time ✨.
+As you are sitting at the table with your crush, while you wait for the burgers, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
+
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-05.png" class="illustration">
+
+While waiting and talking to your crush, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already.
+
+Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers and come back to the table.
+
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-06.png" class="illustration">
+
+You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨
+
+<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png" class="illustration">
+
+!!! info
+    Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
 
 ---
 
 Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story.
 
-While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier 💁 is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine.
+While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine.
 
-Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work 🤓, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's 😍 choice, pay 💸, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc.
+Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's choice, pay, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc.
 
-But then, even though you still don't have your burgers 🍔, your work with the cashier 💁 is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.
+But then, even though you still don't have your burgers, your work with the cashier is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.
 
-But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍.
+But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" as is flirting with your crush 😍.
 
-Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" 🍔 by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers 🍔 because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.
+Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.
 
-So you wait for your crush 😍 to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸.
+So you wait for your crush to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸.
 
-Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers 🍔, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹.
+Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹.
 
 ### Parallel Burgers
 
 Now let's imagine these aren't "Concurrent Burgers", but "Parallel Burgers".
 
-You go with your crush 😍 to get parallel fast food 🍔.
+You go with your crush to get parallel fast food.
 
-You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 take the orders from the people in front of you.
+You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks take the orders from the people in front of you.
 
-Everyone before you is waiting 🕙 for their burgers 🍔 to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order.
+Everyone before you is waiting for their burgers to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order.
 
-Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-01.png" class="illustration">
+
+Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you.
 
 You pay 💸.
 
-The cashier goes to the kitchen 👨‍🍳.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-02.png" class="illustration">
 
-You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers 🍔 before you do, as there are no numbers for turns.
+The cashier goes to the kitchen.
 
-As you and your crush 😍 are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive 🕙, you cannot pay attention to your crush 😞.
+You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers before you do, as there are no numbers for turns.
 
-This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers 🍔 and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-03.png" class="illustration">
 
-Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers 🍔, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter.
+As you and your crush are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive, you cannot pay attention to your crush. 😞
 
-You take your burgers 🍔 and go to the table with your crush 😍.
+This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them.
 
-You just eat them, and you are done 🍔 ⏹.
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-04.png" class="illustration">
 
-There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter 😞.
+Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter.
+
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-05.png" class="illustration">
+
+You take your burgers and go to the table with your crush.
+
+You just eat them, and you are done. ⏹
+
+<img src="/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-06.png" class="illustration">
+
+There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter. 😞
+
+!!! info
+    Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
 
 ---
 
-In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush 😍), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time.
+In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time.
 
-The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook) 💁 👨‍🍳.
+The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks). While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook).
 
-But still, the final experience is not the best 😞.
+But still, the final experience is not the best. 😞
 
 ---
 
-This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers 🍔.
+This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers. 🍔
 
 For a more "real life" example of this, imagine a bank.
 
@@ -208,11 +238,7 @@ This "waiting" 🕙 is measured in microseconds, but still, summing it all, it's
 
 That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs.
 
-Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were created before the new asynchronous features in Python existed. So, the ways they can be deployed support parallel execution and an older form of asynchronous execution that is not as powerful as the new capabilities.
-
-Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets.
-
-That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
+This kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
 
 And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**.
 
@@ -238,7 +264,7 @@ You could have turns as in the burgers example, first the living room, then the
 
 It would take the same amount of time to finish with or without turns (concurrency) and you would have done the same amount of work.
 
-But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner.
+But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner.
 
 In this scenario, each one of the cleaners (including you) would be a processor, doing their part of the job.
 
@@ -371,7 +397,7 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such
 
     These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
 
-    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
+    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
 
 ### Path operation functions
 

docs/en/docs/contributing.md

@@ -84,7 +84,17 @@ To check it worked, use:
 
 If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉
 
+Make sure you have the latest pip version on your virtual environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
 
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
 
 !!! tip
     Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.

docs/en/docs/css/custom.css

@@ -4,10 +4,21 @@
   display: block;
 }
 
+.termy {
+  /* For right to left languages */
+  direction: ltr;
+}
+
 .termy [data-termynal] {
   white-space: pre-wrap;
 }
 
+a.external-link {
+  /* For right to left languages */
+  direction: ltr;
+  display: inline-block;
+}
+
 a.external-link::after {
   /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
         to make the mark be on the same line as the link
@@ -94,7 +105,7 @@ a.announce-link:hover {
 .announce-wrapper .sponsor-badge {
   display: block;
   position: absolute;
-  top: -5px;
+  top: -10px;
   right: 0;
   font-size: 0.5rem;
   color: #999;
@@ -118,3 +129,18 @@ a.announce-link:hover {
 .twitter {
   color: #00acee;
 }
+
+/* Right to left languages */
+code {
+  direction: ltr;
+  display: inline-block;
+}
+
+.md-content__inner h1 {
+  direction: ltr !important;
+}
+
+.illustration {
+  margin-top: 2em;
+  margin-bottom: 2em;
+}

docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn
 * Create a `main.py` file with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ If your FastAPI is a single file, for example, `main.py` without an `./app` dire
 Then you would just have to change the corresponding paths to copy the file inside the `Dockerfile`:
 
 ```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10  13" }
-FROM python:3.9  
+FROM python:3.9
 
 WORKDIR /code
 

docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with:
 
     !!! tip
         By adding the `standard`, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies.
-        
+
         That including `uvloop`, the high-performance drop-in replacement for `asyncio`, that provides the big concurrency performance boost.
 
 === "Hypercorn"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ You can then run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, b
     Remember to remove the `--reload` option if you were using it.
 
     The `--reload` option consumes much more resources, is more unstable, etc.
-    
+
     It helps a lot during **development**, but you **shouldn't** use it in **production**.
 
 ## Hypercorn with Trio

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
 * Plays nicely with your **<abbr title="Integrated Development Environment, similar to a code editor">IDE</abbr>/<abbr title="A program that checks for code errors">linter</abbr>/brain**:
     * Because pydantic data structures are just instances of classes you define; auto-completion, linting, mypy and your intuition should all work properly with your validated data.
 * **Fast**:
-    * in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#benchmarks-tag" class="external-link" target="_blank">benchmarks</a> Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries.
+    * in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/benchmarks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">benchmarks</a> Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries.
 * Validate **complex structures**:
     * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc.
     * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema.
     * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
-* **Extendible**:
+* **Extensible**:
     * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator.
 * 100% test coverage.

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio

@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.drawio

@@ -274,4 +274,4 @@
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         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g><path d="M 1045 891 L 1315 891 L 1335 931 L 1315 971 L 1045 971 L 1025 931 Z" fill="#d5e8d4" stroke="#82b366" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 308px; height: 1px; padding-top: 931px; margin-left: 1026px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><span style="font-family: &quot;roboto&quot; ; font-size: 24px">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</span></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="1180" y="935" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</text></switch></g><path d="M 990 1081 L 1010 1081 L 1010 931 L 1025 931" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g><path d="M 1045 891 L 1315 891 L 1335 931 L 1315 971 L 1045 971 L 1025 931 Z" fill="#d5e8d4" stroke="#82b366" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 308px; height: 1px; padding-top: 931px; margin-left: 1026px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><span style="font-family: &quot;roboto&quot; ; font-size: 24px">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</span></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="1180" y="935" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com</text></switch></g><path d="M 990 1081 L 1010 1081 L 1010 931 L 1025 931" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="none"/></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.drawio

@@ -75,4 +75,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.drawio

@@ -107,4 +107,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.drawio

@@ -128,4 +128,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
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docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.drawio

@@ -149,4 +149,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
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docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.drawio

@@ -163,4 +163,4 @@
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docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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 </text></switch></g><rect x="670" y="1166" width="270" height="70" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#666666" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 268px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1201px; margin-left: 671px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #333333; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">onemore.example.org</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="805" y="1205" fill="#333333" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">onemore.example.org
-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.drawio

@@ -180,4 +180,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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 </text></switch></g><rect x="670" y="1166" width="270" height="70" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#666666" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 268px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1201px; margin-left: 671px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #333333; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">onemore.example.org</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="805" y="1205" fill="#333333" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">onemore.example.org
-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.drawio

@@ -200,4 +200,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.drawio

@@ -214,4 +214,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.svg

@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
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 </text></switch></g><rect x="670" y="1166" width="270" height="70" fill="#f5f5f5" stroke="#666666" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 268px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1201px; margin-left: 671px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #333333; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">onemore.example.org</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="805" y="1205" fill="#333333" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">onemore.example.org
-</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
+</text></switch></g><rect x="430" y="1141" width="220" height="70" fill="#ffffff" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="3" pointer-events="none"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 218px; height: 1px; padding-top: 1176px; margin-left: 431px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: none; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; "><font face="Roboto" data-font-src="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto"><span style="font-size: 24px">IP:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 24px">123.124.125.126</span><br /></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="540" y="1180" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">IP:...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>

docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio

@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@
             </root>
         </mxGraphModel>
     </diagram>
-</mxfile>
+</mxfile>

docs/en/docs/index.md

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs wi
 The key features are:
 
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
-
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
 * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
 * Create a file `main.py` with:
 
 ```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
 If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ async def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 ```
 
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -274,7 +273,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
 class Item(BaseModel):
     name: str
     price: float
-    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
 
 
 @app.get("/")
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ def read_root():
 
 
 @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
     return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
 
 

docs/en/docs/js/termynal.js

@@ -72,14 +72,14 @@ class Termynal {
      * Initialise the widget, get lines, clear container and start animation.
      */
     init() {
-        /** 
+        /**
          * Calculates width and height of Termynal container.
          * If container is empty and lines are dynamically loaded, defaults to browser `auto` or CSS.
-         */ 
+         */
         const containerStyle = getComputedStyle(this.container);
-        this.container.style.width = containerStyle.width !== '0px' ? 
+        this.container.style.width = containerStyle.width !== '0px' ?
             containerStyle.width : undefined;
-        this.container.style.minHeight = containerStyle.height !== '0px' ? 
+        this.container.style.minHeight = containerStyle.height !== '0px' ?
             containerStyle.height : undefined;
 
         this.container.setAttribute('data-termynal', '');
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class Termynal {
         restart.innerHTML = "restart ↻"
         return restart
     }
-    
+
     generateFinish() {
         const finish = document.createElement('a')
         finish.onclick = (e) => {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class Termynal {
 
     /**
      * Converts line data objects into line elements.
-     * 
+     *
      * @param {Object[]} lineData - Dynamically loaded lines.
      * @param {Object} line - Line data object.
      * @returns {Element[]} - Array of line elements.
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class Termynal {
 
     /**
      * Helper function for generating attributes string.
-     * 
+     *
      * @param {Object} line - Line data object.
      * @returns {string} - String of attributes.
      */

docs/en/docs/python-types.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Calling this program outputs:
 John Doe
 ```
 
-The function does the following: 
+The function does the following:
 
 * Takes a `first_name` and `last_name`.
 * Converts the first letter of each one to upper case with `title()`.
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 t
 
 As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations.
 
-If you can chose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below.
+If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below.
 
 #### List
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ You can declare that a variable can be any of **several types**, for example, an
 
 In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept.
 
-In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** were you can put the possible types separated by a <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr>.
+In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr>.
 
 === "Python 3.6 and above"
 
@@ -317,6 +317,45 @@ This also means that in Python 3.10, you can use `Something | None`:
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+#### Using `Union` or `Optional`
+
+If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:
+
+* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
+* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.
+
+Both are equivalent and underneath they are the same, but I would recommend `Union` instead of `Optional` because the word "**optional**" would seem to imply that the value is optional, and it actually means "it can be `None`", even if it's not optional and is still required.
+
+I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means.
+
+It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code.
+
+As an example, let's take this function:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py!}
+```
+
+The parameter `name` is defined as `Optional[str]`, but it is **not optional**, you cannot call the function without the parameter:
+
+```Python
+say_hi()  # Oh, no, this throws an error! 😱
+```
+
+The `name` parameter is **still required** (not *optional*) because it doesn't have a default value. Still, `name` accepts `None` as the value:
+
+```Python
+say_hi(name=None)  # This works, None is valid 🎉
+```
+
+The good news is, once you are on Python 3.10 you won't have to worry about that, as you will be able to simply use `|` to define unions of types:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py!}
+```
+
+And then you won't have to worry about names like `Optional` and `Union`. 😎
+
 #### Generic types
 
 These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic types** or **Generics**, for example:
@@ -333,28 +372,28 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty
 
 === "Python 3.9 and above"
 
-    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside):
-    
+    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):
+
     * `list`
     * `tuple`
     * `set`
     * `dict`
 
     And the same as with Python 3.6, from the `typing` module:
-    
+
     * `Union`
     * `Optional`
     * ...and others.
 
 === "Python 3.10 and above"
 
-    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside):
+    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):
 
     * `list`
     * `tuple`
     * `set`
     * `dict`
-    
+
     And the same as with Python 3.6, from the `typing` module:
 
     * `Union`
@@ -422,6 +461,9 @@ An example from the official Pydantic docs:
 
 You will see a lot more of all this in practice in the [Tutorial - User Guide](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
+!!! tip
+    Pydantic has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.
+
 ## Type hints in **FastAPI**
 
 **FastAPI** takes advantage of these type hints to do several things.

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -3,6 +3,393 @@
 ## Latest Changes
 
 
+## 0.83.0
+
+🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥
+
+Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago.
+
+You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should.
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support in `jsonable_encoder` for include and exclude with dataclasses. PR [#4923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4923) by [@DCsunset](https://github.com/DCsunset).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `RuntimeError` raised when `HTTPException` has a status code with no content. PR [#5365](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5365) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
+* 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default `status_code` is empty but the a `Response` parameter with `response.status_code` is set. PR [#5360](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5360) by [@tmeckel](https://github.com/tmeckel).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update `SECURITY.md`. PR [#5377](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5377) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5352](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5352) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+
+## 0.82.0
+
+🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥
+
+Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago.
+
+You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should.
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Export `WebSocketState` in `fastapi.websockets`. PR [#4376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4376) by [@matiuszka](https://github.com/matiuszka).
+* ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR [#3032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3032) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+* ✨ Update `ORJSONResponse` to support non `str` keys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR [#3892](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3892) by [@baby5](https://github.com/baby5).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with `yield` to always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR [#5122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5122) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
+* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR [#5222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5222) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
+* 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR [#4319](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4319) by [@cd17822](https://github.com/cd17822).
+* 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR [#3879](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3879) by [@davidbrochart](https://github.com/davidbrochart).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR [#5346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5346) by [@baconfield](https://github.com/baconfield).
+* ✏ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md`. PR [#3698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3698) by [@pfackeldey](https://github.com/pfackeldey).
+* 📝 Add note about Python 3.10 `X | Y` operator in explanation about Response Models. PR [#5307](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5307) by [@MendyLanda](https://github.com/MendyLanda).
+* 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR [#5260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5260) by [@sjyothi54](https://github.com/sjyothi54).
+* 📝 Update docs for `ORJSONResponse` with details about improving performance. PR [#2615](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2615) by [@falkben](https://github.com/falkben).
+* 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR [#5331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5331) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR [#5329](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5329) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/features.md`. PR [#5315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5315) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#4529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4529) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#4969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4969) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
+* 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of `background-task.md`. PR [#5242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5242) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5347) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR [#5321](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5321) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5318) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR [#5256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5256) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry).
+* ♻ Internal small refactor, move `operation_id` parameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR [#4474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4474) by [@hiel](https://github.com/hiel).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR [#5338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.81.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add ReDoc `<noscript>` warning when JS is disabled. PR [#5074](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5074) by [@evroon](https://github.com/evroon).
+* ✨ Add support for `FrozenSet` in parameters (e.g. query). PR [#2938](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2938) by [@juntatalor](https://github.com/juntatalor).
+* ✨ Allow custom middlewares to raise `HTTPException`s and propagate them. PR [#2036](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2036) by [@ghandic](https://github.com/ghandic).
+* ✨ Preserve `json.JSONDecodeError` information when handling invalid JSON in request body, to support custom exception handlers that use its information. PR [#4057](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4057) by [@UKnowWhoIm](https://github.com/UKnowWhoIm).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `jsonable_encoder` for dataclasses with pydantic-compatible fields. PR [#3607](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3607) by [@himbeles](https://github.com/himbeles).
+* 🐛 Fix support for extending `openapi_extras` with parameter lists. PR [#4267](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4267) by [@orilevari](https://github.com/orilevari).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix a simple typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5193](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5193) by [@GlitchingCore](https://github.com/GlitchingCore).
+* ✏ Fix typos in `tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py`. PR [#5126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5126) by [@supraaxdd](https://github.com/supraaxdd).
+* ✏ Fix typos in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#5142](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5142) by [@invisibleroads](https://github.com/invisibleroads).
+* 📝 Add step about upgrading pip in the venv to avoid errors when installing dependencies `docs/en/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#5181](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5181) by [@edisnake](https://github.com/edisnake).
+* ✏ Reword and clarify text in tutorial `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#5169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5169) by [@papb](https://github.com/papb).
+* ✏ Fix minor typo in `docs/en/docs/features.md`. PR [#5206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5206) by [@OtherBarry](https://github.com/OtherBarry).
+* ✏ Fix minor typos in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5125](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5125) by [@Ksenofanex](https://github.com/Ksenofanex).
+* 📝 Add external link to docs: "Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres". PR [#5033](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5033) by [@krishnardt](https://github.com/krishnardt).
+* 📝 Simplify example for docs for Additional Responses, remove unnecessary `else`. PR [#4693](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4693) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
+* 📝 Update docs, compare enums with identity instead of equality. PR [#4905](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4905) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#4886](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4886) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
+* 🎨 Fix syntax highlighting in docs for OpenAPI Callbacks. PR [#4368](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4368) by [@xncbf](https://github.com/xncbf).
+* ✏ Reword confusing sentence in docs file `typo-fix-path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#3219](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3219) by [@ccrenfroe](https://github.com/ccrenfroe).
+* 📝 Update docs for handling HTTP Basic Auth with `secrets.compare_digest()` to account for non-ASCII characters. PR [#3536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3536) by [@lewoudar](https://github.com/lewoudar).
+* 📝 Update docs for testing, fix examples with relative imports. PR [#5302](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5302) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/index.md`. PR [#5289](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5289) by [@impocode](https://github.com/impocode).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md`. PR [#4985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4985) by [@emp7yhead](https://github.com/emp7yhead).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md`. PR [#4921](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4921) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Update `ko/mkdocs.yml` for a missing link. PR [#5020](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5020) by [@dalinaum](https://github.com/dalinaum).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.21.1 to 2.22.0. PR [#5258](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5258) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5196](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5196) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* 🔥 Delete duplicated tests in `tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py`. PR [#5040](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5040) by [@raccoonyy](https://github.com/raccoonyy).
+* ♻ Simplify internal RegEx in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#5057](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5057) by [@pylounge](https://github.com/pylounge).
+* 🔧 Fix Type hint of `auto_error` which does not need to be `Optional[bool]`. PR [#4933](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4933) by [@DavidKimDY](https://github.com/DavidKimDY).
+* 🔧 Update mypy config, use `strict = true` instead of manual configs. PR [#4605](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4605) by [@michaeloliverx](https://github.com/michaeloliverx).
+* ♻ Change a `dict()` for `{}` in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#3138](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3138) by [@ShahriyarR](https://github.com/ShahriyarR).
+* ♻ Move internal variable for errors in `jsonable_encoder` to put related code closer. PR [#4560](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4560) by [@GuilleQP](https://github.com/GuilleQP).
+* ♻ Simplify conditional assignment in `fastapi/dependencies/utils.py`. PR [#4597](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4597) by [@cikay](https://github.com/cikay).
+* ⬆ Upgrade version pin accepted for Flake8, for internal code, to `flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0`. PR [#4097](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4097) by [@jamescurtin](https://github.com/jamescurtin).
+* 🍱 Update Jina banner, fix typo. PR [#5301](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5301) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.80.0
+
+### Breaking Changes - Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `response_model` not invalidating `None`. PR [#2725](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2725) by [@hukkin](https://github.com/hukkin).
+
+If you are using `response_model` with some type that doesn't include `None` but the function is returning `None`, it will now raise an internal server error, because you are returning invalid data that violates the contract in `response_model`. Before this release it would allow breaking that contract returning `None`.
+
+For example, if you have an app like this:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: Optional[float] = None
+    owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item)
+def get_invalid_none():
+    return None
+```
+
+...calling the path `/items/invalidnone` will raise an error, because `None` is not a valid type for the `response_model` declared with `Item`.
+
+You could also be implicitly returning `None` without realizing, for example:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: Optional[float] = None
+    owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item)
+def get_invalid_none():
+    if flag:
+        return {"name": "foo"}
+    # if flag is False, at this point the function will implicitly return None
+```
+
+If you have *path operations* using `response_model` that need to be allowed to return `None`, make it explicit in `response_model` using `Union[Something, None]`:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: Optional[float] = None
+    owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Union[Item, None])
+def get_invalid_none():
+    return None
+```
+
+This way the data will be correctly validated, you won't have an internal server error, and the documentation will also reflect that this *path operation* could return `None` (or `null` in JSON).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* ⬆ Upgrade Swagger UI copy of `oauth2-redirect.html` to include fixes for flavors of authorization code flows in Swagger UI. PR [#3439](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3439) initial PR by [@koonpeng](https://github.com/koonpeng).
+* ♻ Strip empty whitespace from description extracted from docstrings. PR [#2821](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2821) by [@and-semakin](https://github.com/and-semakin).
+* 🐛 Fix cached dependencies when using a dependency in `Security()` and other places (e.g. `Depends()`) with different OAuth2 scopes. PR [#2945](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2945) by [@laggardkernel](https://github.com/laggardkernel).
+* 🎨 Update type annotations for `response_model`, allow things like `Union[str, None]`. PR [#5294](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5294) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Fix typos in German translation for `docs/de/docs/features.md`. PR [#4533](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4533) by [@0xflotus](https://github.com/0xflotus).
+* 🌐 Add missing navigator for `encoder.md` in Korean translation. PR [#5238](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5238) by [@joonas-yoon](https://github.com/joonas-yoon).
+* (Empty PR merge by accident) [#4913](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4913).
+
+## 0.79.1
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `jsonable_encoder` using `include` and `exclude` parameters for non-Pydantic objects. PR [#2606](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2606) by [@xaviml](https://github.com/xaviml).
+* 🐛 Fix edge case with repeated aliases names not shown in OpenAPI. PR [#2351](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2351) by [@klaa97](https://github.com/klaa97).
+* 📝 Add misc dependency installs to tutorial docs. PR [#2126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2126) by [@TeoZosa](https://github.com/TeoZosa).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add note giving credit for illustrations to [Ketrina Thompson](https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot/). PR [#5284](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5284) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `python-types.md`. PR [#5116](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5116) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5007](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5007) by [@atiabbz](https://github.com/atiabbz).
+* 📝 Remove unneeded Django/Flask references from async topic intro. PR [#5280](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5280) by [@carltongibson](https://github.com/carltongibson).
+* ✨ Add illustrations for Concurrent burgers and Parallel burgers. PR [#5277](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5277) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). Updated docs at: [Concurrency and Burgers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#concurrency-and-burgers).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#4775](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4775) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#4954](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4954) by [@FLAIR7](https://github.com/FLAIR7).
+* 🌐 Add translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md`. PR [#4638](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4638) by [@zhangbo2012](https://github.com/zhangbo2012).
+* 🌐  Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#3689](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3689) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#4769](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4769) by [@frnsimoes](https://github.com/frnsimoes).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#3451](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3451) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`. PR [#4854](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4854) by [@AdmiralDesu](https://github.com/AdmiralDesu).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#3841](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3841) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md`. PR [#4205](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4205) by [@sUeharaE4](https://github.com/sUeharaE4).
+* 🌐 Add Indonesian translation for `docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#4705](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4705) by [@bas-baskara](https://github.com/bas-baskara).
+* 🌐 Add Persian translation for `docs/fa/docs/index.md` and tweak right-to-left CSS. PR [#2395](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2395) by [@mohsen-mahmoodi](https://github.com/mohsen-mahmoodi).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Update Jina sponsorship. PR [#5283](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5283) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update Jina sponsorship. PR [#5272](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5272) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, Striveworks badge. PR [#5179](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5179) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.79.0
+
+### Fixes - Breaking Changes
+
+* 🐛 Fix removing body from status codes that do not support it. PR [#5145](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5145) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * Setting `status_code` to `204`, `304`, or any code below `200` (1xx) will remove the body from the response.
+    * This fixes an error in Uvicorn that otherwise would be thrown: `RuntimeError: Response content longer than Content-Length`.
+    * This removes `fastapi.openapi.constants.STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY`, it is replaced by a function in utils.
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Start of Hebrew translation. PR [#5050](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5050) by [@itay-raveh](https://github.com/itay-raveh).
+* 🔧 Add config for Swedish translations notification. PR [#5147](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5147) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🌐 Start of Swedish translation. PR [#5062](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5062) by [@MrRawbin](https://github.com/MrRawbin).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/index.md`. PR [#5043](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5043) by [@wakabame](https://github.com/wakabame).
+* 🌐🇵🇱 Add Polish translation for `docs/pl/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`. PR [#5024](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5024) by [@Valaraucoo](https://github.com/Valaraucoo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Update translations notification for Hebrew. PR [#5158](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5158) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update Dependabot commit message. PR [#5156](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5156) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Bump actions/upload-artifact from 2 to 3. PR [#5148](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5148) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump actions/cache from 2 to 3. PR [#5149](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5149) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors badge configs. PR [#5155](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5155) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5154](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5154) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update Jina sponsor badges. PR [#5151](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5151) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Bump actions/checkout from 2 to 3. PR [#5133](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5133) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5030](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5030) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.1.5 to 1.2.3. PR [#5132](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5132) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump codecov/codecov-action from 2 to 3. PR [#5131](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5131) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.9.0 to 2.21.1. PR [#5130](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5130) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump actions/setup-python from 2 to 4. PR [#5129](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5129) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👷 Add Dependabot. PR [#5128](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5128) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Move from `Optional[X]` to `Union[X, None]` for internal utils. PR [#5124](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5124) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Dropbase, add Doist. PR [#5096](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5096) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Classiq, add ImgWhale. PR [#5079](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5079) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.78.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for omitting `...` as default value when declaring required parameters with:
+
+* `Path()`
+* `Query()`
+* `Header()`
+* `Cookie()`
+* `Body()`
+* `Form()`
+* `File()`
+
+New docs at [Tutorial - Query Parameters and String Validations - Make it required](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#make-it-required). PR [#4906](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4906) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+Up to now, declaring a required parameter while adding additional validation or metadata needed using `...` (Ellipsis).
+
+For example:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def main(
+    item_id: int = Path(default=..., gt=0),
+    query: str = Query(default=..., max_length=10),
+    session: str = Cookie(default=..., min_length=3),
+    x_trace: str = Header(default=..., title="Tracing header"),
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+...all these parameters are required because the default value is `...` (Ellipsis).
+
+But now it's possible and supported to just omit the default value, as would be done with Pydantic fields, and the parameters would still be required.
+
+✨ For example, this is now supported:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def main(
+    item_id: int = Path(gt=0),
+    query: str = Query(max_length=10),
+    session: str = Cookie(min_length=3),
+    x_trace: str = Header(title="Tracing header"),
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+To declare parameters as optional (not required), you can set a default value as always, for example using `None`:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Union
+from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def main(
+    item_id: int = Path(gt=0),
+    query: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=10),
+    session: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None, min_length=3),
+    x_trace: Union[str, None] = Header(default=None, title="Tracing header"),
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add docs recommending `Union` over `Optional` and migrate source examples. New docs at [Python Types Intro - Using `Union` or `Optional`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/python-types/#using-union-or-optional). PR [#4908](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4908) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🎨 Fix default value as set in tutorial for Path Operations Advanced Configurations. PR [#4899](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4899) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Add documentation for redefined path operations. PR [#4864](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4864) by [@madkinsz](https://github.com/madkinsz).
+* 📝 Updates links for Celery documentation. PR [#4736](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4736) by [@sammyzord](https://github.com/sammyzord).
+* ✏ Fix example code with sets in tutorial for body nested models. PR [#3030](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3030) by [@hitrust](https://github.com/hitrust).
+* ✏ Fix links to Pydantic docs. PR [#4670](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4670) by [@kinuax](https://github.com/kinuax).
+* 📝 Update docs about Swagger UI self-hosting with newer source links. PR [#4813](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4813) by [@Kastakin](https://github.com/Kastakin).
+* 📝 Add link to external article: Building the Poll App From Django Tutorial With FastAPI And React. PR [#4778](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4778) by [@jbrocher](https://github.com/jbrocher).
+* 📝 Add OpenAPI warning to "Body - Fields" docs with extra schema extensions. PR [#4846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4846) by [@ml-evs](https://github.com/ml-evs).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Fix code examples in Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md`. PR [#4623](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4623) by [@hirotoKirimaru](https://github.com/hirotoKirimaru).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ♻ Refactor dict value extraction to minimize key lookups `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#3139](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3139) by [@ShahriyarR](https://github.com/ShahriyarR).
+* ✅ Add tests for required nonable parameters and body fields. PR [#4907](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4907) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Fix installing Material for MkDocs Insiders in CI. PR [#4897](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4897) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Add pre-commit CI instead of custom GitHub Action. PR [#4896](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4896) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Add pre-commit GitHub Action workflow. PR [#4895](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4895) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Add dark mode auto switch to docs based on OS preference. PR [#4869](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4869) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp).
+* 🔥 Remove un-used old pending tests, already covered in other places. PR [#4891](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4891) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add Python formatting hooks to pre-commit. PR [#4890](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4890) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add pre-commit with first config and first formatting pass. PR [#4888](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4888) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Disable CI installing Material for MkDocs in forks. PR [#4410](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4410) by [@dolfinus](https://github.com/dolfinus).
+
 ## 0.77.1
 
 ### Upgrades

docs/en/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ You can see more details in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/background/" class
 
 ## Caveat
 
-If you need to perform heavy background computation and you don't necessarily need it to be run by the same process (for example, you don't need to share memory, variables, etc), you might benefit from using other bigger tools like <a href="https://docs.celeryproject.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>.
+If you need to perform heavy background computation and you don't necessarily need it to be run by the same process (for example, you don't need to share memory, variables, etc), you might benefit from using other bigger tools like <a href="https://docs.celeryq.dev" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>.
 
 They tend to require more complex configurations, a message/job queue manager, like RabbitMQ or Redis, but they allow you to run background tasks in multiple processes, and especially, in multiple servers.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md

@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ from app.routers import items, users
     ```Python
     from .routers import items, users
     ```
-    
+
     The second version is an "absolute import":
 
     ```Python

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ You can declare extra information in `Field`, `Query`, `Body`, etc. And it will
 
 You will learn more about adding extra information later in the docs, when learning to declare examples.
 
+!!! warning
+    Extra keys passed to `Field` will also be present in the resulting OpenAPI schema for your application.
+    As these keys may not necessarily be part of the OpenAPI specification, some OpenAPI tools, for example [the OpenAPI validator](https://validator.swagger.io/), may not work with your generated schema.
+
 ## Recap
 
 You can use Pydantic's `Field` to declare extra validations and metadata for model attributes.