🔖 Release version 0.95.0

📝 Tweak tip recommending Annotated

.flake8

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-[flake8]
-max-line-length = 88
-select = C,E,F,W,B,B9
-ignore = E203, E501, W503
-exclude = __init__.py

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/questions.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-name: Question or Problem
-description: Ask a question or ask about a problem
 labels: [question]
 body:
   - type: markdown
@@ -9,9 +7,9 @@ body:
 
         Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
 
-        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
+        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub is what consumes most of the time.
 
-        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
+        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling questions.
 
         All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
 
@@ -21,16 +19,16 @@ body:
 
         And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
 
-        As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
+        As there are too many questions, I'll have to discard and close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checks
     attributes:
       label: First Check
       description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
       options:
-        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
+        - label: I added a very descriptive title here.
           required: true
-        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it.
+        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar question and didn't find it.
           required: true
         - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search.
           required: true
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
           required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic).
+        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic).
           required: true
         - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
           required: true
@@ -51,9 +49,9 @@ body:
       description: |
         After submitting this, I commit to one of:
 
-          * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
+          * Read open questions until I find 2 where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
           * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
-          * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
+          * Review one Pull Request by downloading the code and following [all the review process](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#review-pull-requests).
 
       options:
         - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -2,3 +2,15 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
   - name: Security Contact
     about: Please report security vulnerabilities to security@tiangolo.com
+  - name: Question or Problem
+    about: Ask a question or ask about a problem in GitHub Discussions.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions
+  - name: Feature Request
+    about: To suggest an idea or ask about a feature, please start with a question saying what you would like to achieve. There might be a way to do it already.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions
+  - name: Show and tell
+    about: Show what you built with FastAPI or to be used with FastAPI.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/show-and-tell
+  - name: Translations
+    about: Coordinate translations in GitHub Discussions.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/translations

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature Request
-description: Suggest an idea or ask for a feature that you would like to have in FastAPI
-labels: [enhancement]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
-
-        Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-
-        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-
-        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
-
-        All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
-
-        That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
-
-        By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-
-        And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
-
-        As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: checks
-    attributes:
-      label: First Check
-      description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
-      options:
-        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
-          required: true
-        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it.
-          required: true
-        - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already searched in Google "How to X in FastAPI" and didn't find any information.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic).
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [ReDoc](https://github.com/Redocly/redoc).
-          required: true
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: help
-    attributes:
-      label: Commit to Help
-      description: |
-        After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-
-          * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
-          * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
-          * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
-
-      options:
-        - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆
-          required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: example
-    attributes:
-      label: Example Code
-      description: |
-        Please add a self-contained, [minimal, reproducible, example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example) with your use case.
-
-        If I (or someone) can copy it, run it, and see it right away, there's a much higher chance I (or someone) will be able to help you.
-
-      placeholder: |
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-
-        @app.get("/")
-        def read_root():
-            return {"Hello": "World"}
-      render: python
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: |
-        What is your feature request?
-
-        Write a short description telling me what you are trying to solve and what you are currently doing.
-      placeholder: |
-        * Open the browser and call the endpoint `/`.
-        * It returns a JSON with `{"Hello": "World"}`.
-        * I would like it to have an extra parameter to teleport me to the moon and back.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: wanted-solution
-    attributes:
-      label: Wanted Solution
-      description: |
-        Tell me what's the solution you would like.
-      placeholder: |
-        I would like it to have a `teleport_to_moon` parameter that defaults to `False`, and can be set to `True` to teleport me.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: wanted-code
-    attributes:
-      label: Wanted Code
-      description: Show me an example of how you would want the code to look like.
-      placeholder: |
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-
-        @app.get("/", teleport_to_moon=True)
-        def read_root():
-            return {"Hello": "World"}
-      render: python
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: alternatives
-    attributes:
-      label: Alternatives
-      description: |
-        Tell me about alternatives you've considered.
-      placeholder: |
-        To wait for Space X moon travel plans to drop down long after they release them. But I would rather teleport.
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: os
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System
-      description: What operating system are you on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Windows
-        - macOS
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-details
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System Details
-      description: You can add more details about your operating system here, in particular if you chose "Other".
-  - type: input
-    id: fastapi-version
-    attributes:
-      label: FastAPI Version
-      description: |
-        What FastAPI version are you using?
-
-        You can find the FastAPI version with:
-
-        ```bash
-        python -c "import fastapi; print(fastapi.__version__)"
-        ```
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: python-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Python Version
-      description: |
-        What Python version are you using?
-
-        You can find the Python version with:
-
-        ```bash
-        python --version
-        ```
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: context
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional Context
-      description: Add any additional context information or screenshots you think are useful.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/privileged.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Privileged
+description: You are @tiangolo or he asked you directly to create an issue here. If not, check the other options. 👇
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
+
+        If you are not @tiangolo or he didn't ask you directly to create an issue here, please start the conversation in a [Question in GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions) instead.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: privileged
+    attributes:
+      label: Privileged issue
+      description: Confirm that you are allowed to create an issue here.
+      options:
+        - label: I'm @tiangolo or he asked me directly to create an issue here.
+          required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: content
+    attributes:
+      label: Issue Content
+      description: Add the content of the issue here.

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import logging
 import random
+import sys
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union, cast
 
-import yaml
+import httpx
 from github import Github
 from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
 
@@ -13,12 +14,172 @@ lang_all_label = "lang-all"
 approved_label = "approved-2"
 translations_path = Path(__file__).parent / "translations.yml"
 
+github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
+questions_translations_category_id = "DIC_kwDOCZduT84CT5P9"
+
+all_discussions_query = """
+query Q($category_id: ID) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussions(categoryId: $category_id, first: 100) {
+      nodes {
+        title
+        id
+        number
+        labels(first: 10) {
+          edges {
+            node {
+              id
+              name
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+translation_discussion_query = """
+query Q($after: String, $discussion_number: Int!) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussion(number: $discussion_number) {
+      comments(first: 100, after: $after) {
+        edges {
+          cursor
+          node {
+            id
+            url
+            body
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+add_comment_mutation = """
+mutation Q($discussion_id: ID!, $body: String!) {
+  addDiscussionComment(input: {discussionId: $discussion_id, body: $body}) {
+    comment {
+      id
+      url
+      body
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+update_comment_mutation = """
+mutation Q($comment_id: ID!, $body: String!) {
+  updateDiscussionComment(input: {commentId: $comment_id, body: $body}) {
+    comment {
+      id
+      url
+      body
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+
+class Comment(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    url: str
+    body: str
+
+
+class UpdateDiscussionComment(BaseModel):
+    comment: Comment
+
+
+class UpdateCommentData(BaseModel):
+    updateDiscussionComment: UpdateDiscussionComment
+
+
+class UpdateCommentResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: UpdateCommentData
+
+
+class AddDiscussionComment(BaseModel):
+    comment: Comment
+
+
+class AddCommentData(BaseModel):
+    addDiscussionComment: AddDiscussionComment
+
+
+class AddCommentResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: AddCommentData
+
+
+class CommentsEdge(BaseModel):
+    node: Comment
+    cursor: str
+
+
+class Comments(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[CommentsEdge]
+
+
+class CommentsDiscussion(BaseModel):
+    comments: Comments
+
+
+class CommentsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussion: CommentsDiscussion
+
+
+class CommentsData(BaseModel):
+    repository: CommentsRepository
+
+
+class CommentsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: CommentsData
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsLabelNode(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsLabelsEdge(BaseModel):
+    node: AllDiscussionsLabelNode
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsDiscussionLabels(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[AllDiscussionsLabelsEdge]
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode(BaseModel):
+    title: str
+    id: str
+    number: int
+    labels: AllDiscussionsDiscussionLabels
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsDiscussions(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode]
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussions: AllDiscussionsDiscussions
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsData(BaseModel):
+    repository: AllDiscussionsRepository
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: AllDiscussionsData
+
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_repository: str
     input_token: SecretStr
     github_event_path: Path
     github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
+    httpx_timeout: int = 30
     input_debug: Union[bool, None] = False
 
 
@@ -30,6 +191,113 @@ class PartialGitHubEvent(BaseModel):
     pull_request: PartialGitHubEventIssue
 
 
+def get_graphql_response(
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    query: str,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+    category_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+    discussion_number: Union[int, None] = None,
+    discussion_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+    comment_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+    body: Union[str, None] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
+    # some fields are only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so
+    # keep them here for simplicity
+    variables = {
+        "after": after,
+        "category_id": category_id,
+        "discussion_number": discussion_number,
+        "discussion_id": discussion_id,
+        "comment_id": comment_id,
+        "body": body,
+    }
+    response = httpx.post(
+        github_graphql_url,
+        headers=headers,
+        timeout=settings.httpx_timeout,
+        json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
+    )
+    if response.status_code != 200:
+        logging.error(
+            f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}"
+        )
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
+    data = response.json()
+    if "errors" in data:
+        logging.error(f"Errors in response, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}")
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
+    return cast(Dict[str, Any], data)
+
+
+def get_graphql_translation_discussions(*, settings: Settings):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=all_discussions_query,
+        category_id=questions_translations_category_id,
+    )
+    graphql_response = AllDiscussionsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.nodes
+
+
+def get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges(
+    *, settings: Settings, discussion_number: int, after: Union[str, None] = None
+):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=translation_discussion_query,
+        discussion_number=discussion_number,
+        after=after,
+    )
+    graphql_response = CommentsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussion.comments.edges
+
+
+def get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments(
+    *, settings: Settings, discussion_number: int
+):
+    comment_nodes: List[Comment] = []
+    discussion_edges = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges(
+        settings=settings, discussion_number=discussion_number
+    )
+
+    while discussion_edges:
+        for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
+            comment_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
+        last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
+        discussion_edges = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges(
+            settings=settings,
+            discussion_number=discussion_number,
+            after=last_edge.cursor,
+        )
+    return comment_nodes
+
+
+def create_comment(*, settings: Settings, discussion_id: str, body: str):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=add_comment_mutation,
+        discussion_id=discussion_id,
+        body=body,
+    )
+    response = AddCommentResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return response.data.addDiscussionComment.comment
+
+
+def update_comment(*, settings: Settings, comment_id: str, body: str):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=update_comment_mutation,
+        comment_id=comment_id,
+        body=body,
+    )
+    response = UpdateCommentResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return response.data.updateDiscussionComment.comment
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     settings = Settings()
     if settings.input_debug:
@@ -45,60 +313,105 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         )
     contents = settings.github_event_path.read_text()
     github_event = PartialGitHubEvent.parse_raw(contents)
-    translations_map: Dict[str, int] = yaml.safe_load(translations_path.read_text())
-    logging.debug(f"Using translations map: {translations_map}")
+
+    # Avoid race conditions with multiple labels
     sleep_time = random.random() * 10  # random number between 0 and 10 seconds
-    pr = repo.get_pull(github_event.pull_request.number)
-    logging.debug(
-        f"Processing PR: {pr.number}, with anti-race condition sleep time: {sleep_time}"
+    logging.info(
+        f"Sleeping for {sleep_time} seconds to avoid "
+        "race conditions and multiple comments"
     )
-    if pr.state == "open":
-        logging.debug(f"PR is open: {pr.number}")
-        label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
-        if lang_all_label in label_strs and awaiting_label in label_strs:
-            logging.info(
-                f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: {pr.number}"
-            )
-            if approved_label in label_strs:
-                message = (
-                    f"It seems this PR already has the approved label: {pr.number}"
-                )
-                logging.error(message)
-                raise RuntimeError(message)
-            langs = []
-            for label in label_strs:
-                if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label:
-                    langs.append(label[5:])
-            for lang in langs:
-                if lang in translations_map:
-                    num = translations_map[lang]
-                    logging.info(
-                        f"Found a translation issue for language: {lang} in issue: {num}"
-                    )
-                    issue = repo.get_issue(num)
-                    message = f"Good news everyone! 😉 There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} 🎉"
-                    already_notified = False
-                    time.sleep(sleep_time)
-                    logging.info(
-                        f"Sleeping for {sleep_time} seconds to avoid race conditions and multiple comments"
-                    )
-                    logging.info(
-                        f"Checking current comments in issue: {num} to see if already notified about this PR: {pr.number}"
-                    )
-                    for comment in issue.get_comments():
-                        if message in comment.body:
-                            already_notified = True
-                    if not already_notified:
-                        logging.info(
-                            f"Writing comment in issue: {num} about PR: {pr.number}"
-                        )
-                        issue.create_comment(message)
-                    else:
-                        logging.info(
-                            f"Issue: {num} was already notified of PR: {pr.number}"
-                        )
-    else:
+    time.sleep(sleep_time)
+
+    # Get PR
+    logging.debug(f"Processing PR: #{github_event.pull_request.number}")
+    pr = repo.get_pull(github_event.pull_request.number)
+    label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
+    langs = []
+    for label in label_strs:
+        if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label:
+            langs.append(label[5:])
+    logging.info(f"PR #{pr.number} has labels: {label_strs}")
+    if not langs or lang_all_label not in label_strs:
+        logging.info(f"PR #{pr.number} doesn't seem to be a translation PR, skipping")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    # Generate translation map, lang ID to discussion
+    discussions = get_graphql_translation_discussions(settings=settings)
+    lang_to_discussion_map: Dict[str, AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode] = {}
+    for discussion in discussions:
+        for edge in discussion.labels.edges:
+            label = edge.node.name
+            if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label:
+                lang = label[5:]
+                lang_to_discussion_map[lang] = discussion
+    logging.debug(f"Using translations map: {lang_to_discussion_map}")
+
+    # Messages to create or check
+    new_translation_message = f"Good news everyone! 😉 There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} by @{pr.user.login}. 🎉 This requires 2 approvals from native speakers to be merged. 🤓"
+    done_translation_message = f"~There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} by @{pr.user.login}~ Good job! This is done. 🍰☕"
+
+    # Normally only one language, but still
+    for lang in langs:
+        if lang not in lang_to_discussion_map:
+            log_message = f"Could not find discussion for language: {lang}"
+            logging.error(log_message)
+            raise RuntimeError(log_message)
+        discussion = lang_to_discussion_map[lang]
         logging.info(
-            f"Changing labels in a closed PR doesn't trigger comments, PR: {pr.number}"
+            f"Found a translation discussion for language: {lang} in discussion: #{discussion.number}"
         )
+
+        already_notified_comment: Union[Comment, None] = None
+        already_done_comment: Union[Comment, None] = None
+
+        logging.info(
+            f"Checking current comments in discussion: #{discussion.number} to see if already notified about this PR: #{pr.number}"
+        )
+        comments = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments(
+            settings=settings, discussion_number=discussion.number
+        )
+        for comment in comments:
+            if new_translation_message in comment.body:
+                already_notified_comment = comment
+            elif done_translation_message in comment.body:
+                already_done_comment = comment
+        logging.info(
+            f"Already notified comment: {already_notified_comment}, already done comment: {already_done_comment}"
+        )
+
+        if pr.state == "open" and awaiting_label in label_strs:
+            logging.info(
+                f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: #{pr.number}"
+            )
+            if already_notified_comment:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"This PR #{pr.number} was already notified in comment: {already_notified_comment.url}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"Writing notification comment about PR #{pr.number} in Discussion: #{discussion.number}"
+                )
+                comment = create_comment(
+                    settings=settings,
+                    discussion_id=discussion.id,
+                    body=new_translation_message,
+                )
+                logging.info(f"Notified in comment: {comment.url}")
+        elif pr.state == "closed" or approved_label in label_strs:
+            logging.info(f"Already approved or closed PR #{pr.number}")
+            if already_done_comment:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"This PR #{pr.number} was already marked as done in comment: {already_done_comment.url}"
+                )
+            elif already_notified_comment:
+                updated_comment = update_comment(
+                    settings=settings,
+                    comment_id=already_notified_comment.id,
+                    body=done_translation_message,
+                )
+                logging.info(f"Marked as done in comment: {updated_comment.url}")
+        else:
+            logging.info(
+                f"There doesn't seem to be anything to be done about PR #{pr.number}"
+            )
     logging.info("Finished")

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-pt: 1211
-es: 1218
-zh: 1228
-ru: 1362
-it: 1556
-ja: 1572
-uk: 1748
-tr: 1892
-fr: 1972
-ko: 2017
-fa: 2041
-pl: 3169
-de: 3716
-id: 3717
-az: 3994
-nl: 4701
-uz: 4883
-sv: 5146
-he: 5157

.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import sys
 from collections import Counter, defaultdict
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union
+from typing import Any, Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union
 
 import httpx
 import yaml
@@ -12,6 +12,50 @@ from github import Github
 from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
 
 github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
+questions_category_id = "MDE4OkRpc2N1c3Npb25DYXRlZ29yeTMyMDAxNDM0"
+
+discussions_query = """
+query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussions(first: 100, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
+      edges {
+        cursor
+        node {
+          number
+          author {
+            login
+            avatarUrl
+            url
+          }
+          title
+          createdAt
+          comments(first: 100) {
+            nodes {
+              createdAt
+              author {
+                login
+                avatarUrl
+                url
+              }
+              isAnswer
+              replies(first: 10) {
+                nodes {
+                  createdAt
+                  author {
+                    login
+                    avatarUrl
+                    url
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
 
 issues_query = """
 query Q($after: String) {
@@ -131,15 +175,30 @@ class Author(BaseModel):
     url: str
 
 
+# Issues and Discussions
+
+
 class CommentsNode(BaseModel):
     createdAt: datetime
     author: Union[Author, None] = None
 
 
+class Replies(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[CommentsNode]
+
+
+class DiscussionsCommentsNode(CommentsNode):
+    replies: Replies
+
+
 class Comments(BaseModel):
     nodes: List[CommentsNode]
 
 
+class DiscussionsComments(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[DiscussionsCommentsNode]
+
+
 class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
     number: int
     author: Union[Author, None] = None
@@ -149,27 +208,59 @@ class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
     comments: Comments
 
 
+class DiscussionsNode(BaseModel):
+    number: int
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
+    title: str
+    createdAt: datetime
+    comments: DiscussionsComments
+
+
 class IssuesEdge(BaseModel):
     cursor: str
     node: IssuesNode
 
 
+class DiscussionsEdge(BaseModel):
+    cursor: str
+    node: DiscussionsNode
+
+
 class Issues(BaseModel):
     edges: List[IssuesEdge]
 
 
+class Discussions(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[DiscussionsEdge]
+
+
 class IssuesRepository(BaseModel):
     issues: Issues
 
 
+class DiscussionsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussions: Discussions
+
+
 class IssuesResponseData(BaseModel):
     repository: IssuesRepository
 
 
+class DiscussionsResponseData(BaseModel):
+    repository: DiscussionsRepository
+
+
 class IssuesResponse(BaseModel):
     data: IssuesResponseData
 
 
+class DiscussionsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: DiscussionsResponseData
+
+
+# PRs
+
+
 class LabelNode(BaseModel):
     name: str
 
@@ -219,6 +310,9 @@ class PRsResponse(BaseModel):
     data: PRsResponseData
 
 
+# Sponsors
+
+
 class SponsorEntity(BaseModel):
     login: str
     avatarUrl: str
@@ -260,23 +354,37 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     input_token: SecretStr
     input_standard_token: SecretStr
     github_repository: str
+    httpx_timeout: int = 30
 
 
 def get_graphql_response(
-    *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Union[str, None] = None
-):
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    query: str,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+    category_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
-    variables = {"after": after}
+    # category_id is only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so
+    # keep it here for simplicity
+    variables = {"after": after, "category_id": category_id}
     response = httpx.post(
         github_graphql_url,
         headers=headers,
+        timeout=settings.httpx_timeout,
         json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
     )
-    if not response.status_code == 200:
-        logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}")
+    if response.status_code != 200:
+        logging.error(
+            f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}"
+        )
         logging.error(response.text)
         raise RuntimeError(response.text)
     data = response.json()
+    if "errors" in data:
+        logging.error(f"Errors in response, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}")
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
     return data
 
 
@@ -286,6 +394,21 @@ def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = Non
     return graphql_response.data.repository.issues.edges
 
 
+def get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=discussions_query,
+        after=after,
+        category_id=questions_category_id,
+    )
+    graphql_response = DiscussionsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.edges
+
+
 def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=prs_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = PRsResponse.parse_obj(data)
@@ -298,7 +421,7 @@ def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = N
     return graphql_response.data.user.sponsorshipsAsMaintainer.edges
 
 
-def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+def get_issues_experts(settings: Settings):
     issue_nodes: List[IssuesNode] = []
     issue_edges = get_graphql_issue_edges(settings=settings)
 
@@ -324,13 +447,78 @@ def get_experts(settings: Settings):
         for comment in issue.comments.nodes:
             if comment.author:
                 authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
-                if comment.author.login == issue_author_name:
-                    continue
-                issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+                if comment.author.login != issue_author_name:
+                    issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
         for author_name in issue_commentors:
             commentors[author_name] += 1
             if issue.createdAt > one_month_ago:
                 last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_discussions_experts(settings: Settings):
+    discussion_nodes: List[DiscussionsNode] = []
+    discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(settings=settings)
+
+    while discussion_edges:
+        for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
+            discussion_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
+        last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
+        discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
+            settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor
+        )
+
+    commentors = Counter()
+    last_month_commentors = Counter()
+    authors: Dict[str, Author] = {}
+
+    now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+    one_month_ago = now - timedelta(days=30)
+
+    for discussion in discussion_nodes:
+        discussion_author_name = None
+        if discussion.author:
+            authors[discussion.author.login] = discussion.author
+            discussion_author_name = discussion.author.login
+        discussion_commentors = set()
+        for comment in discussion.comments.nodes:
+            if comment.author:
+                authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
+                if comment.author.login != discussion_author_name:
+                    discussion_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+            for reply in comment.replies.nodes:
+                if reply.author:
+                    authors[reply.author.login] = reply.author
+                    if reply.author.login != discussion_author_name:
+                        discussion_commentors.add(reply.author.login)
+        for author_name in discussion_commentors:
+            commentors[author_name] += 1
+            if discussion.createdAt > one_month_ago:
+                last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+    # Migrated to only use GitHub Discussions
+    # (
+    #     issues_commentors,
+    #     issues_last_month_commentors,
+    #     issues_authors,
+    # ) = get_issues_experts(settings=settings)
+    (
+        discussions_commentors,
+        discussions_last_month_commentors,
+        discussions_authors,
+    ) = get_discussions_experts(settings=settings)
+    # commentors = issues_commentors + discussions_commentors
+    commentors = discussions_commentors
+    # last_month_commentors = (
+    #     issues_last_month_commentors + discussions_last_month_commentors
+    # )
+    last_month_commentors = discussions_last_month_commentors
+    # authors = {**issues_authors, **discussions_authors}
+    authors = {**discussions_authors}
     return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
 
 
@@ -423,22 +611,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}")
     g = Github(settings.input_standard_token.get_secret_value())
     repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)
-    issue_commentors, issue_last_month_commentors, issue_authors = get_experts(
+    question_commentors, question_last_month_commentors, question_authors = get_experts(
         settings=settings
     )
     contributors, pr_commentors, reviewers, pr_authors = get_contributors(
         settings=settings
     )
-    authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors}
+    authors = {**question_authors, **pr_authors}
     maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"}
-    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"}
+    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions", "pre-commit-ci", "dependabot"}
     maintainers = []
     for login in maintainers_logins:
         user = authors[login]
         maintainers.append(
             {
                 "login": login,
-                "answers": issue_commentors[login],
+                "answers": question_commentors[login],
                 "prs": contributors[login],
                 "avatarUrl": user.avatarUrl,
                 "url": user.url,
@@ -451,13 +639,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     min_count_reviewer = 4
     skip_users = maintainers_logins | bot_names
     experts = get_top_users(
-        counter=issue_commentors,
+        counter=question_commentors,
         min_count=min_count_expert,
         authors=authors,
         skip_users=skip_users,
     )
     last_month_active = get_top_users(
-        counter=issue_last_month_commentors,
+        counter=question_last_month_commentors,
         min_count=min_count_last_month,
         authors=authors,
         skip_users=skip_users,

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ on:
     types: [opened, synchronize]
 jobs:
   build-docs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Dump GitHub context
         env:
@@ -17,31 +17,28 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: "3.7"
+          python-version: "3.11"
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03
-      - name: Install Flit
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
       - name: Install docs extras
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc
+        run: pip install .[doc]
       - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
         if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
       - name: Build Docs
-        run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all
+        run: python ./scripts/docs.py build-all
       - name: Zip docs
         run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: docs-zip
-          path: ./docs.zip
+          path: ./site/docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-branch: master

.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   pull_request_target:
     types:
       - labeled
+      - closed
 
 jobs:
   notify-translations:

.github/workflows/people.yml

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      # Ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2033
+      - name: Fix git safe.directory in container
+        run: mkdir -p /home/runner/work/_temp/_github_home && printf "[safe]\n\tdirectory = /github/workspace" > /home/runner/work/_temp/_github_home/.gitconfig
       # Allow debugging with tmate
       - name: Setup tmate session
         uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3

.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml

@@ -11,21 +11,26 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Clean site
+        run: |
+          rm -rf ./site
+          mkdir ./site
       - name: Download Artifact Docs
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.21.1
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.26.0
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           workflow: build-docs.yml
           run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
           name: docs-zip
+          path: ./site/
       - name: Unzip docs
         run: |
-          rm -rf ./site
+          cd ./site
           unzip docs.zip
           rm -f docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
         id: netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.3
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-deploy: false

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -17,23 +17,23 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: "3.6"
+          python-version: "3.7"
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish
-      - name: Install Flit
+      - name: Install build dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: pip install flit
-      - name: Install Dependencies
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: flit install --symlink
+        run: pip install build
+      - name: Build distribution
+        run: python -m build
       - name: Publish
-        env:
-          FLIT_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.FLIT_USERNAME }}
-          FLIT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.FLIT_PASSWORD }}
-        run: bash scripts/publish.sh
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.6.4
+        with:
+          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
       - name: Dump GitHub context
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}

.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Smokeshow
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [Test]
+    types: [completed]
+
+permissions:
+  statuses: write
+
+jobs:
+  smokeshow:
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.9'
+
+      - run: pip install smokeshow
+
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.26.0
+        with:
+          workflow: test.yml
+          commit: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+
+      - run: smokeshow upload coverage-html
+        env:
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_STATUS_DESCRIPTION: Coverage {coverage-percentage}
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD: 100
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_CONTEXT: coverage
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+          SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
@@ -21,21 +21,73 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v02
-      - name: Install Flit
-        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: pip install flit
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v03
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: flit install --symlink
+        run: pip install -e .[all,dev,doc,test]
       - name: Lint
-        if: ${{ matrix.python-version != '3.6' }}
         run: bash scripts/lint.sh
+      - run: mkdir coverage
       - name: Test
         run: bash scripts/test.sh
-      - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        env:
+          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Store coverage files
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage
+  coverage-combine:
+    needs: [test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.8'
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+
+      - name: Get coverage files
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage
+
+      - run: pip install coverage[toml]
+
+      - run: ls -la coverage
+      - run: coverage combine coverage
+      - run: coverage report
+      - run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}"
+
+      - name: Store coverage HTML
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage-html
+          path: htmlcov
+
+  # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why
+  check:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection
+
+    if: always()
+
+    needs:
+      - coverage-combine
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # See https://pre-commit.com for more information
 # See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+default_language_version:
+    python: python3.10
 repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.3.0
+    rev: v4.4.0
     hooks:
     -   id: check-added-large-files
     -   id: check-toml
@@ -12,27 +14,20 @@ repos:
     -   id: end-of-file-fixer
     -   id: trailing-whitespace
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v2.37.1
+    rev: v3.3.1
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
         args:
         - --py3-plus
         - --keep-runtime-typing
--   repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake
-    rev: v1.4
+-   repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.0.254
     hooks:
-    -   id: autoflake
+    -   id: ruff
         args:
-        - --recursive
-        - --in-place
-        - --remove-all-unused-imports
-        - --remove-unused-variables
-        - --expand-star-imports
-        - --exclude
-        - __init__.py
-        - --remove-duplicate-keys
+        - --fix
 -   repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 5.10.1
+    rev: 5.12.0
     hooks:
     -   id: isort
         name: isort (python)
@@ -43,7 +38,7 @@ repos:
         name: isort (pyi)
         types: [pyi]
 -   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 22.6.0
+    rev: 23.1.0
     hooks:
     -   id: black
 ci:

README.md

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
 </a>
-<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
 </a>
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@
 
 ---
 
-FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints.
 
 The key features are:
 
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
-
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
 * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@@ -50,15 +49,14 @@ The key features are:
 <a href="https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S" target="_blank" title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C" target="_blank" title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
-<a href="https://app.imgwhale.xyz/" target="_blank" title="The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg"></a>
-<a href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank" title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
 <a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" target="_blank" title="Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/" target="_blank" title="Build powerful search from composable, open source building blocks"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/haystack-fastapi.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.udemy.com/course/fastapi-rest/" target="_blank" title="Learn FastAPI by building a complete project. Extend your knowledge on advanced web development-AWS, Payments, Emails."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg"></a>
-<a href="https://careers.budget-insight.com/" target="_blank" title="Budget Insight is hiring!"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/budget-insight.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://careers.powens.com/" target="_blank" title="Powens is hiring!"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
 
 <!-- /sponsors -->
 
@@ -104,6 +102,12 @@ The key features are:
 
 ---
 
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
 ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
 
 <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
 
 ## Requirements
 
-Python 3.6+
+Python 3.7+
 
 FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -330,7 +334,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types.
 
 You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
 
-Just standard **Python 3.6+**.
+Just standard **Python 3.7+**.
 
 For example, for an `int`:
 
@@ -429,7 +433,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -449,7 +453,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

SECURITY.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇
 
 ## Versions
 
-The latest versions of FastAPI are supported.
+The latest version of FastAPI is supported.
 
 You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**.
 

docs/az/docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+
+{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!}
+
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com</a>
+
+**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>
+
+---
+
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
+
+The key features are:
+
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
+
+* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
+* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+
+<small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
+
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor -%}
+{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
+## Opinions
+
+"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_"
+
+"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
+
+<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
+
+If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Typer**</a>.
+
+**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
+
+## Requirements
+
+Python 3.7+
+
+FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
+
+* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> for the web parts.
+* <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> for the data parts.
+
+## Installation
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install fastapi
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Example
+
+### Create it
+
+* Create a file `main.py` with:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
+
+If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9  14"
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+**Note**:
+
+If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.
+
+</details>
+
+### Run it
+
+Run the server with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uvicorn main:app --reload
+
+INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+INFO:     Started reloader process [28720]
+INFO:     Started server process [28722]
+INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
+INFO:     Application startup complete.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
+
+The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
+
+* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
+* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+
+</details>
+
+### Check it
+
+Open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery</a>.
+
+You will see the JSON response as:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+You already created an API that:
+
+* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
+* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
+
+### Interactive API docs
+
+Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs
+
+And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Example upgrade
+
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
+
+Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
+
+```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+    is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+
+### Interactive API docs upgrade
+
+Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
+
+* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
+
+* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs upgrade
+
+And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
+
+* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
+
+### Recap
+
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
+
+You do that with standard modern Python types.
+
+You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
+
+Just standard **Python 3.6+**.
+
+For example, for an `int`:
+
+```Python
+item_id: int
+```
+
+or for a more complex `Item` model:
+
+```Python
+item: Item
+```
+
+...and with that single declaration you get:
+
+* Editor support, including:
+    * Completion.
+    * Type checks.
+* Validation of data:
+    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
+    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
+    * JSON.
+    * Path parameters.
+    * Query parameters.
+    * Cookies.
+    * Headers.
+    * Forms.
+    * Files.
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
+    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
+    * `datetime` objects.
+    * `UUID` objects.
+    * Database models.
+    * ...and many more.
+* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
+    * Swagger UI.
+    * ReDoc.
+
+---
+
+Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
+
+* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
+* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
+    * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
+    * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
+    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
+    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
+    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
+* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
+
+---
+
+We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
+
+Try changing the line with:
+
+```Python
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+...from:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_name": item.name ...
+```
+
+...to:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_price": item.price ...
+```
+
+...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
+
+For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
+
+**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
+
+* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
+* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
+* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
+* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
+* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
+    * **WebSockets**
+    * **GraphQL**
+    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * **CORS**
+    * **Cookie Sessions**
+    * ...and more.
+
+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" class="internal-link" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.
+
+## Optional Dependencies
+
+Used by Pydantic:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - for faster JSON <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation.
+
+Used by Starlette:
+
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
+* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
+* <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
+* <a href="https://graphene-python.org/" target="_blank"><code>graphene</code></a> - Required for `GraphQLApp` support.
+* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
+
+Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
+
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
+
+You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.

docs/az/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/de/docs/features.md

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nu
 * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung.
 * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess.
 * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren.
-* Testclient basierend auf `requests`.
+* Testclient basierend auf HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, statische Dateien, Antwortfluss.
 * **Sitzungs und Cookie** Unterstützung.
 * 100% Testabdeckung.

docs/de/docs/index.md

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
 
 ## Requirements
 
-Python 3.6+
+Python 3.7+
 
 FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/de/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -112,6 +114,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -132,6 +136,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 articles:
   english:
+  - author: Raf Rasenberg
+    author_link: https://rafrasenberg.com/about/
+    link: https://rafrasenberg.com/fastapi-lambda/
+    title: 'FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified'
+  - author: Teresa N. Fontanella De Santis
+    author_link: https://dev.to/
+    link: https://dev.to/teresafds/authorization-on-fastapi-with-casbin-41og
+    title: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin
+  - author: WayScript
+    author_link: https://www.wayscript.com
+    link: https://blog.wayscript.com/fast-api-quickstart/
+    title: Quickstart Guide to Build and Host Responsive APIs with Fast API and WayScript
+  - author: New Relic
+    author_link: https://newrelic.com
+    link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468
+    title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent
   - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher
     author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher
     link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app
@@ -212,6 +228,10 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul
     link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/
     title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS
+  - author: KrishNa
+    author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365
+    link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92
+    title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres
   german:
   - author: Nico Axtmann
     author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax
@@ -288,6 +308,11 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://fullstackstation.com/author/figonking/
     link: https://fullstackstation.com/fastapi-trien-khai-bang-docker/
     title: 'FASTAPI: TRIỂN KHAI BẰNG DOCKER'
+  taiwanese:
+  - author: Leon
+    author_link: http://editor.leonh.space/
+    link: https://editor.leonh.space/2022/tortoise/
+    title: 'Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記'
 podcasts:
   english:
   - author: Podcast.`__init__`

docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml

@@ -1,23 +1,17 @@
 sponsors:
-- - login: github
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9919?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/github
-- - login: Doist
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2565372?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/Doist
-  - login: cryptapi
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/cryptapi
-  - login: BLUE-DEVIL1134
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/55914808?u=f283d674fce31be7fb3ed2665b0f20d89958e541&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/BLUE-DEVIL1134
-  - login: jina-ai
+- - login: jina-ai
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60539444?v=4
     url: https://github.com/jina-ai
-  - login: DropbaseHQ
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/85367855?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/DropbaseHQ
-- - login: ObliviousAI
+- - login: armand-sauzay
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35524799?u=56e3e944bfe62770d1709c09552d2efc6d285ca6&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/armand-sauzay
+- - login: cryptapi
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/cryptapi
+- - login: nihpo
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1841030?u=0264956d7580f7e46687a762a7baa629f84cf97c&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/nihpo
+  - login: ObliviousAI
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65656077?v=4
     url: https://github.com/ObliviousAI
   - login: chaserowbotham
@@ -26,9 +20,6 @@ sponsors:
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     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2035561?u=1bb18268bcd4d9249e1f783a063c27df9a84c05b&v=4
     url: https://github.com/mikeckennedy
-  - login: Trivie
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8161763?v=4
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@@ -38,69 +29,78 @@ sponsors:
   - login: investsuite
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/73833632?v=4
     url: https://github.com/investsuite
+  - login: svix
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/80175132?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/svix
   - login: VincentParedes
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/103889729?v=4
     url: https://github.com/VincentParedes
+- - login: getsentry
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1396951?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/getsentry
 - - login: InesIvanova
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22920417?u=409882ec1df6dbd77455788bb383a8de223dbf6f&v=4
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-    url: https://github.com/SendCloud
-  - login: qaas
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-    url: https://github.com/qaas
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5647000?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/vyos
+  - login: takashi-yoneya
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33813153?u=2d0522bceba0b8b69adf1f2db866503bd96f944e&v=4
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-  - login: johnadjei
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     url: https://github.com/povilasb
+  - login: primer-io
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62146168?v=4
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2905043?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/indeedeng
 - - login: Kludex
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=62adc405ef418f4b6c8caa93d3eb8ab107bc4927&v=4
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-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/299332?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/deserat
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/210980?u=c03c78a8ae1039b500dfe343665536ebc51979b2&v=4
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docs/en/data/people.yml

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 - login: dmontagu
   count: 23
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35119617?u=58ed2a45798a4339700e2f62b2e12e6e54bf0396&v=4
   url: https://github.com/dmontagu
-- login: komtaki
-  count: 21
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39375566?u=260ad6b1a4b34c07dbfa728da5e586f16f6d1824&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/komtaki
+- login: LorhanSohaky
+  count: 22
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16273730?u=095b66f243a2cd6a0aadba9a095009f8aaf18393&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/LorhanSohaky
+- login: rjNemo
+  count: 20
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/rjNemo
 - login: hard-coders
-  count: 19
+  count: 20
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9651103?u=95db33927bbff1ed1c07efddeb97ac2ff33068ed&v=4
   url: https://github.com/hard-coders
 - login: 0417taehyun
   count: 19
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63915557?u=47debaa860fd52c9b98c97ef357ddcec3b3fb399&v=4
   url: https://github.com/0417taehyun
-- login: lsglucas
-  count: 18
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61513630?u=320e43fe4dc7bc6efc64e9b8f325f8075634fd20&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/lsglucas
-- login: JarroVGIT
-  count: 18
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13659033?u=e8bea32d07a5ef72f7dde3b2079ceb714923ca05&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/JarroVGIT
+- login: odiseo0
+  count: 19
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=16f9255804161c6ff3c8b7ef69848f0126bcd405&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/odiseo0
+- login: Smlep
+  count: 17
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Smlep
 - login: zy7y
   count: 17
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67154681?u=5d634834cc514028ea3f9115f7030b99a1f4d5a4&v=4
@@ -396,14 +440,6 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 16
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52768429?u=6a3aa15277406520ad37f6236e89466ed44bc5b8&v=4
   url: https://github.com/SwftAlpc
-- login: rjNemo
-  count: 16
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56785022?u=d5c3a02567c8649e146fcfc51b6060ccaf8adef8&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/rjNemo
-- login: Smlep
-  count: 16
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16785985?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Smlep
 - login: DevDae
   count: 16
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87962045?u=08e10fa516e844934f4b3fc7c38b33c61697e4a1&v=4
@@ -416,13 +452,25 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 15
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63476957?u=6c86e59b48e0394d4db230f37fc9ad4d7e2c27c7&v=4
   url: https://github.com/delhi09
+- login: Ryandaydev
+  count: 15
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4292423?u=809f3d1074d04bbc28012a7f17f06ea56f5bd71a&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Ryandaydev
+- login: Xewus
+  count: 14
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/85196001?u=f8e2dc7e5104f109cef944af79050ea8d1b8f914&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Xewus
 - login: sh0nk
   count: 13
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6478810?u=af15d724875cec682ed8088a86d36b2798f981c0&v=4
   url: https://github.com/sh0nk
+- login: peidrao
+  count: 13
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32584628?u=5401640e0b961cc199dee39ec79e162c7833cd6b&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/peidrao
 - login: RunningIkkyu
   count: 12
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=efb5b45b55584450507834f279ce48d4d64dea2f&v=4
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31848542?u=494ecc298e3f26197495bb357ad0f57cfd5f7a32&v=4
   url: https://github.com/RunningIkkyu
 - login: solomein-sv
   count: 11
@@ -440,13 +488,21 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 10
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7887703?v=4
   url: https://github.com/maoyibo
-- login: odiseo0
+- login: ComicShrimp
   count: 10
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87550035?u=ab724eae71c3fe1cf81e8dc76e73415da926ef7d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/odiseo0
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=f440bc9062afb3c43b9b9c6cdfdcfe31d58699ef&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
+- login: r0b2g1t
+  count: 10
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5357541?u=6428442d875d5d71aaa1bb38bb11c4be1a526bc2&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/r0b2g1t
+- login: izaguerreiro
+  count: 9
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2241504?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/izaguerreiro
 - login: graingert
   count: 9
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?v=4
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/413772?u=64b77b6aa405c68a9c6bcf45f84257c66eea5f32&v=4
   url: https://github.com/graingert
 - login: PandaHun
   count: 9
@@ -460,10 +516,18 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 9
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/69092910?u=4ac58eab99bd37d663f3d23551df96d4fbdbf760&v=4
   url: https://github.com/bezaca
+- login: dimaqq
+  count: 9
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/662249?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/dimaqq
 - login: raphaelauv
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4
   url: https://github.com/raphaelauv
+- login: axel584
+  count: 8
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1334088?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/axel584
 - login: blt232018
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43393471?u=172b0e0391db1aa6c1706498d6dfcb003c8a4857&v=4
@@ -472,43 +536,3 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5690226?v=4
   url: https://github.com/rogerbrinkmann
-- login: ComicShrimp
-  count: 8
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43503750?u=b3e4d9a14d9a65d429ce62c566aef73178b7111d&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/ComicShrimp
-- login: NinaHwang
-  count: 8
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/NinaHwang
-- login: dimaqq
-  count: 8
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/662249?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/dimaqq
-- login: Serrones
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Serrones
-- login: ryuckel
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36391432?u=094eec0cfddd5013f76f31e55e56147d78b19553&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/ryuckel
-- login: NastasiaSaby
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8245071?u=b3afd005f9e4bf080c219ef61a592b3a8004b764&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/NastasiaSaby
-- login: Mause
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1405026?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Mause
-- login: wakabame
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35513518?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/wakabame
-- login: AlexandreBiguet
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1483079?u=ff926455cd4cab03c6c49441aa5dc2b21df3e266&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/AlexandreBiguet
-- login: krocdort
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34248814?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/krocdort

docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -8,12 +8,6 @@ gold:
   - url: https://cryptapi.io/
     title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
-  - url: https://app.imgwhale.xyz/
-    title: The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage.
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg
-  - url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python
-    title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg
 silver:
   - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
     title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
@@ -33,9 +27,12 @@ silver:
   - url: https://www.udemy.com/course/fastapi-rest/
     title: Learn FastAPI by building a complete project. Extend your knowledge on advanced web development-AWS, Payments, Emails.
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg
-  - url: https://careers.budget-insight.com/
-    title: Budget Insight is hiring!
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/budget-insight.svg
+  - url: https://careers.powens.com/
+    title: Powens is hiring!
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png
+  - url: https://www.svix.com/
+    title: Svix - Webhooks as a service
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg
 bronze:
   - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source
     title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy.

docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml

@@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ logins:
   - BLUE-DEVIL1134
   - ObliviousAI
   - Doist
+  - nihpo
+  - svix
+  - armand-sauzay

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod
 
 For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write:
 
-```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+```Python hl_lines="18  22"
 {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md

@@ -14,9 +14,41 @@ But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before
 
 To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:
 
-```Python hl_lines="4  25"
-{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  26"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! warning
     When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.

docs/en/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md

@@ -18,9 +18,26 @@ Not the class itself (which is already a callable), but an instance of that clas
 
 To do that, we declare a method `__call__`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="10"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
+    ```
 
 In this case, this `__call__` is what **FastAPI** will use to check for additional parameters and sub-dependencies, and this is what will be called to pass a value to the parameter in your *path operation function* later.
 
@@ -28,9 +45,26 @@ In this case, this `__call__` is what **FastAPI** will use to check for addition
 
 And now, we can use `__init__` to declare the parameters of the instance that we can use to "parameterize" the dependency:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
+    ```
 
 In this case, **FastAPI** won't ever touch or care about `__init__`, we will use it directly in our code.
 
@@ -38,9 +72,26 @@ In this case, **FastAPI** won't ever touch or care about `__init__`, we will use
 
 We could create an instance of this class with:
 
-```Python hl_lines="16"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
+    ```
 
 And that way we are able to "parameterize" our dependency, that now has `"bar"` inside of it, as the attribute `checker.fixed_content`.
 
@@ -56,9 +107,26 @@ checker(q="somequery")
 
 ...and pass whatever that returns as the value of the dependency in our *path operation function* as the parameter `fixed_content_included`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="20"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! tip
     All this might seem contrived. And it might not be very clear how is it useful yet.

docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Async Tests
 
-You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`, but with it, you can't test or run any other `async` function in your (synchronous) pytest functions.
+You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.
 
 Being able to use asynchronous functions in your tests could be useful, for example, when you're querying your database asynchronously. Imagine you want to test sending requests to your FastAPI application and then verify that your backend successfully wrote the correct data in the database, while using an async database library.
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Let's look at how we can make that work.
 
 ## pytest.mark.anyio
 
-If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. Anyio provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
+If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. AnyIO provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
 
 ## HTTPX
 
@@ -16,23 +16,27 @@ Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `asy
 
 The `TestClient` does some magic inside to call the asynchronous FastAPI application in your normal `def` test functions, using standard pytest. But that magic doesn't work anymore when we're using it inside asynchronous functions. By running our tests asynchronously, we can no longer use the `TestClient` inside our test functions.
 
-Luckily there's a nice alternative, called <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>.
-
-HTTPX is an HTTP client for Python 3 that allows us to query our FastAPI application similarly to how we did it with the `TestClient`.
-
-If you're familiar with the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a> library, you'll find that the API of HTTPX is almost identical.
-
-The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchronous, but can also make asynchronous requests.
+The `TestClient` is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, and luckily, we can use it directly to test the API.
 
 ## Example
 
-For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module:
+For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py
+│   └── test_main.py
+```
+
+The file `main.py` would have:
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!}
 ```
 
-The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now:
+The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now:
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ This is the equivalent to:
 response = client.get('/')
 ```
 
-that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
+...that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
 
 !!! tip
     Note that we're using async/await with the new `AsyncClient` - the request is asynchronous.

docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use <a href="
 
 Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*.
 
+For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
+
+This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable with JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
+
+But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
+
 ```Python hl_lines="2  7"
 {!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!}
 ```
@@ -244,6 +250,36 @@ You can also use the `response_class` parameter:
 
 In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* function.
 
+## Custom response class
+
+You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.
+
+For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.
+
+Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.
+
+You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9-14  17"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!}
+```
+
+Now instead of returning:
+
+```json
+{"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+...this response will return:
+
+```json
+{
+  "message": "Hello World"
+}
+```
+
+Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉
+
 ## Default response class
 
 When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default.

docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/datac
 {!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-This is still thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
+This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel" class="external-link" target="_blank">internal support for `dataclasses`</a>.
 
 So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses.
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/events.md

@@ -1,13 +1,108 @@
-# Events: startup - shutdown
+# Lifespan Events
+
+You can define logic (code) that should be executed before the application **starts up**. This means that this code will be executed **once**, **before** the application **starts receiving requests**.
+
+The same way, you can define logic (code) that should be executed when the application is **shutting down**. In this case, this code will be executed **once**, **after** having handled possibly **many requests**.
+
+Because this code is executed before the application **starts** taking requests, and right after it **finishes** handling requests, it covers the whole application **lifespan** (the word "lifespan" will be important in a second 😉).
+
+This can be very useful for setting up **resources** that you need to use for the whole app, and that are **shared** among requests, and/or that you need to **clean up** afterwards. For example, a database connection pool, or loading a shared machine learning model.
+
+## Use Case
+
+Let's start with an example **use case** and then see how to solve it with this.
+
+Let's imagine that you have some **machine learning models** that you want to use to handle requests. 🤖
+
+The same models are shared among requests, so, it's not one model per request, or one per user or something similar.
+
+Let's imagine that loading the model can **take quite some time**, because it has to read a lot of **data from disk**. So you don't want to do it for every request.
+
+You could load it at the top level of the module/file, but that would also mean that it would **load the model** even if you are just running a simple automated test, then that test would be **slow** because it would have to wait for the model to load before being able to run an independent part of the code.
+
+That's what we'll solve, let's load the model before the requests are handled, but only right before the application starts receiving requests, not while  the code is being loaded.
+
+## Lifespan
+
+You can define this *startup* and *shutdown* logic using the `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app, and a "context manager" (I'll show you what that is in a second).
+
+Let's start with an example and then see it in detail.
+
+We create an async function `lifespan()` with `yield` like this:
+
+```Python hl_lines="16  19"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+Here we are simulating the expensive *startup* operation of loading the model by putting the (fake) model function in the dictionary with machine learning models before the `yield`. This code will be executed **before** the application **starts taking requests**, during the *startup*.
+
+And then, right after the `yield`, we unload the model. This code will be executed **after** the application **finishes handling requests**, right before the *shutdown*. This could, for example, release resources like memory or a GPU.
+
+!!! tip
+    The `shutdown` would happen when you are **stopping** the application.
+
+    Maybe you need to start a new version, or you just got tired of running it. 🤷
+
+### Lifespan function
+
+The first thing to notice, is that we are defining an async function with `yield`. This is very similar to Dependencies with `yield`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="14-19"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+The first part of the function, before the `yield`, will be executed **before** the application starts.
+
+And the part after the `yield` will be executed **after** the application has finished.
+
+### Async Context Manager
+
+If you check, the function is decorated with an `@asynccontextmanager`.
+
+That converts the function into something called an "**async context manager**".
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  13"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+A **context manager** in Python is something that you can use in a `with` statement, for example, `open()` can be used as a context manager:
+
+```Python
+with open("file.txt") as file:
+    file.read()
+```
+
+In recent versions of Python, there's also an **async context manager**. You would use it with `async with`:
+
+```Python
+async with lifespan(app):
+    await do_stuff()
+```
+
+When you create a context manager or an async context manager like above, what it does is that, before entering the `with` block, it will execute the code before the `yield`, and after exiting the `with` block, it will execute the code after the `yield`.
+
+In our code example above, we don't use it directly, but we pass it to FastAPI for it to use it.
+
+The `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app takes an **async context manager**, so we can pass our new `lifespan` async context manager to it.
+
+```Python hl_lines="22"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+## Alternative Events (deprecated)
+
+!!! warning
+    The recommended way to handle the *startup* and *shutdown* is using the `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app as described above.
+
+    You can probably skip this part.
+
+There's an alternative way to define this logic to be executed during *startup* and during *shutdown*.
 
 You can define event handlers (functions) that need to be executed before the application starts up, or when the application is shutting down.
 
 These functions can be declared with `async def` or normal `def`.
 
-!!! warning
-    Only event handlers for the main application will be executed, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-## `startup` event
+### `startup` event
 
 To add a function that should be run before the application starts, declare it with the event `"startup"`:
 
@@ -21,7 +116,7 @@ You can add more than one event handler function.
 
 And your application won't start receiving requests until all the `startup` event handlers have completed.
 
-## `shutdown` event
+### `shutdown` event
 
 To add a function that should be run when the application is shutting down, declare it with the event `"shutdown"`:
 
@@ -43,5 +138,25 @@ Here, the `shutdown` event handler function will write a text line `"Application
 
     So, we declare the event handler function with standard `def` instead of `async def`.
 
+### `startup` and `shutdown` together
+
+There's a high chance that the logic for your *startup* and *shutdown* is connected, you might want to start something and then finish it, acquire a resource and then release it, etc.
+
+Doing that in separated functions that don't share logic or variables together is more difficult as you would need to store values in global variables or similar tricks.
+
+Because of that, it's now recommended to instead use the `lifespan` as explained above.
+
+## Technical Details
+
+Just a technical detail for the curious nerds. 🤓
+
+Underneath, in the ASGI technical specification, this is part of the <a href="https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Lifespan Protocol</a>, and it defines events called `startup` and `shutdown`.
+
 !!! info
-    You can read more about these event handlers in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/events/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's  Events' docs</a>.
+    You can read more about the Starlette `lifespan` handlers in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's  Lifespan' docs</a>.
+
+    Including how to handle lifespan state that can be used in other areas of your code.
+
+## Sub Applications
+
+🚨 Have in mind that these lifespan events (startup and shutdown) will only be executed for the main application, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md

@@ -16,18 +16,18 @@ If you are building a **frontend**, a very interesting alternative is <a href="h
 
 Let's start with a simple FastAPI application:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9-11  14-15  18  19  23"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7-9  12-13  16-17  21"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-11  14-15  18  19  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 Notice that the *path operations* define the models they use for request payload and response payload, using the models `Item` and `ResponseMessage`.
 
 ### API Docs
@@ -128,19 +128,18 @@ In many cases your FastAPI app will be bigger, and you will probably use tags to
 
 For example, you could have a section for **items** and another section for **users**, and they could be separated by tags:
 
-
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="23  28  36"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="21  26  34"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23  28  36"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Generate a TypeScript Client with Tags
 
 If you generate a client for a FastAPI app using tags, it will normally also separate the client code based on the tags.
@@ -186,18 +185,18 @@ For example, here it is using the first tag (you will probably have only one tag
 
 You can then pass that custom function to **FastAPI** as the `generate_unique_id_function` parameter:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="8-9  12"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6-7  10"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-9  12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Generate a TypeScript Client with Custom Operation IDs
 
 Now if you generate the client again, you will see that it has the improved method names:

docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order
 
 The following arguments are supported:
 
-* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains to allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
+* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains. To allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
 
 If an incoming request does not validate correctly then a `400` response will be sent.
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ There are many other ASGI middlewares.
 
 For example:
 
-* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/asgi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sentry</a>
+* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/guides/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sentry</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/florimondmanca/msgpack-asgi" class="external-link" target="_blank">MessagePack</a>
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query
 
 This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you:
 
-```Python hl_lines="10-14  37-54"
+```Python hl_lines="9-13  36-53"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It could be just one or two lines of code, like:
 
 ```Python
 callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/"
-requests.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
+httpx.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
 ```
 
 But possibly the most important part of the callback is making sure that your API user (the external developer) implements the *external API* correctly, according to the data that *your API* is going to send in the request body of the callback, etc.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This example doesn't implement the callback itself (that could be just a line of
 !!! tip
     The actual callback is just an HTTP request.
 
-    When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.encode.io/httpx/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
+    When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
 
 ## Write the callback documentation code
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh
 
 First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks.
 
-```Python hl_lines="5  26"
+```Python hl_lines="3  25"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*:
 * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`.
 * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="17-19  22-23  29-33"
+```Python hl_lines="16-18  21-22  28-32"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that
 
 Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router:
 
-```Python hl_lines="36"
+```Python hl_lines="35"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

@@ -20,9 +20,26 @@ Then, when you type that username and password, the browser sends them in the he
 * It returns an object of type `HTTPBasicCredentials`:
     * It contains the `username` and `password` sent.
 
-```Python hl_lines="2  6  10"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  8  12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  7  11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  6  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
 
 When you try to open the URL for the first time (or click the "Execute" button in the docs) the browser will ask you for your username and password:
 
@@ -34,13 +51,36 @@ Here's a more complete example.
 
 Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct.
 
-For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password:
+For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password.
 
-```Python hl_lines="1  11-13"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
-```
+`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`.
 
-This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to:
+To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8.
+
+Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`.
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  12-24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  12-24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  11-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
+    ```
+
+This would be similar to:
 
 ```Python
 if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
@@ -102,6 +142,23 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be
 
 After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again:
 
-```Python hl_lines="15-19"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="26-30"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="26-30"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
+    ```

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md

@@ -56,9 +56,50 @@ They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:
 
 First, let's quickly see the parts that change from the examples in the main **Tutorial - User Guide** for [OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. Now using OAuth2 scopes:
 
-```Python hl_lines="2  4  8  12  46  64  105  107-115  121-124  128-134  139  153"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  8  12  46  64  105  107-115  121-124  128-134  139  155"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  4  8  12  46  64  105  107-115  121-124  128-134  139  155"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  4  8  12  47  65  106  108-116  122-125  129-135  140  156"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  7  11  45  63  104  106-114  120-123  127-133  138  152"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  4  8  12  46  64  105  107-115  121-124  128-134  139  153"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  4  8  12  46  64  105  107-115  121-124  128-134  139  153"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 Now let's review those changes step by step.
 
@@ -68,9 +109,51 @@ The first change is that now we are declaring the OAuth2 security scheme with tw
 
 The `scopes` parameter receives a `dict` with each scope as a key and the description as the value:
 
-```Python hl_lines="62-65"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="62-65"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="62-65"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="63-66"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="61-64"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="62-65"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="62-65"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 Because we are now declaring those scopes, they will show up in the API docs when you log-in/authorize.
 
@@ -93,9 +176,50 @@ And we return the scopes as part of the JWT token.
 
     But in your application, for security, you should make sure you only add the scopes that the user is actually able to have, or the ones you have predefined.
 
-```Python hl_lines="153"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="155"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="155"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="156"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="152"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="153"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="153"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Declare scopes in *path operations* and dependencies
 
@@ -118,9 +242,50 @@ In this case, it requires the scope `me` (it could require more than one scope).
 
     We are doing it here to demonstrate how **FastAPI** handles scopes declared at different levels.
 
-```Python hl_lines="4  139  166"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  139  170"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  139  170"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  140  171"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  138  165"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  139  166"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  139  166"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! info "Technical Details"
     `Security` is actually a subclass of `Depends`, and it has just one extra parameter that we'll see later.
@@ -143,9 +308,50 @@ We also declare a special parameter of type `SecurityScopes`, imported from `fas
 
 This `SecurityScopes` class is similar to `Request` (`Request` was used to get the request object directly).
 
-```Python hl_lines="8  105"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  105"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  105"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  106"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  104"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  105"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  105"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Use the `scopes`
 
@@ -159,9 +365,50 @@ We create an `HTTPException` that we can re-use (`raise`) later at several point
 
 In this exception, we include the scopes required (if any) as a string separated by spaces (using `scope_str`). We put that string containing the scopes in the `WWW-Authenticate` header (this is part of the spec).
 
-```Python hl_lines="105  107-115"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="105  107-115"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="105  107-115"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="106  108-116"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="104  106-114"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="105  107-115"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="105  107-115"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Verify the `username` and data shape
 
@@ -177,9 +424,50 @@ Instead of, for example, a `dict`, or something else, as it could break the appl
 
 We also verify that we have a user with that username, and if not, we raise that same exception we created before.
 
-```Python hl_lines="46  116-127"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="46  116-127"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="46  116-127"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="47  117-128"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="45  115-126"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="46  116-127"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="46  116-127"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Verify the `scopes`
 
@@ -187,9 +475,50 @@ We now verify that all the scopes required, by this dependency and all the depen
 
 For this, we use `security_scopes.scopes`, that contains a `list` with all these scopes as `str`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="128-134"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="128-134"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="128-134"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="129-135"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="127-133"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="128-134"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="128-134"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Dependency tree and scopes
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/settings.md

@@ -216,9 +216,26 @@ Notice that now we don't create a default instance `settings = Settings()`.
 
 Now we create a dependency that returns a new `config.Settings()`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="5  11-12"
-{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  12-13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  12-13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  11-12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! tip
     We'll discuss the `@lru_cache()` in a bit.
@@ -227,9 +244,26 @@ Now we create a dependency that returns a new `config.Settings()`.
 
 And then we can require it from the *path operation function* as a dependency and use it anywhere we need it.
 
-```Python hl_lines="16  18-20"
-{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  19-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  19-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16  18-20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!}
+    ```
 
 ### Settings and testing
 
@@ -304,9 +338,26 @@ we would create that object for each request, and we would be reading the `.env`
 
 But as we are using the `@lru_cache()` decorator on top, the `Settings` object will be created only once, the first time it's called. ✔️
 
-```Python hl_lines="1  10"
-{!../../../docs_src/settings/app03/main.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03/main.py!}
+    ```
 
 Then for any subsequent calls of `get_settings()` in the dependencies for the next requests, instead of executing the internal code of `get_settings()` and creating a new `Settings` object, it will return the same object that was returned on the first call, again and again.
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md

@@ -28,9 +28,41 @@ To override a dependency for testing, you put as a key the original dependency (
 
 And then **FastAPI** will call that override instead of the original dependency.
 
-```Python hl_lines="28-29  32"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="26-27  30"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="28-29  32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="29-30  33"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="24-25  28"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="28-29  32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! tip
     You can set a dependency override for a dependency used anywhere in your **FastAPI** application.

docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -112,17 +112,47 @@ In WebSocket endpoints you can import from `fastapi` and use:
 
 They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*:
 
-```Python hl_lines="58-65  68-83"
-{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="68-69  82"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="68-69  82"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="69-70  83"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="66-67  79"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="68-69  81"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! info
-    In a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`. So it's better to close the WebSocket connection directly.
+    As this is a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`, instead we raise a `WebSocketException`.
 
     You can use a closing code from the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">valid codes defined in the specification</a>.
 
-    In the future, there will be a `WebSocketException` that you will be able to `raise` from anywhere, and add exception handlers for it. It depends on the <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527" class="external-link" target="_blank">PR #527</a> in Starlette.
-
 ### Try the WebSockets with dependencies
 
 If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with:
@@ -155,9 +185,17 @@ With that you can connect the WebSocket and then send and receive messages:
 
 When a WebSocket connection is closed, the `await websocket.receive_text()` will raise a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception, which you can then catch and handle like in this example.
 
-```Python hl_lines="81-83"
-{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="79-81"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="81-83"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
 
 To try it out:
 

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for
 
 There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.
 
-### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
+### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
 
 One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ It has:
 * WebSocket support.
 * In-process background tasks.
 * Startup and shutdown events.
-* Test client built on requests.
+* Test client built on HTTPX.
 * CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * Session and Cookie support.
 * 100% test coverage.

docs/en/docs/async.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results():
 
 ---
 
-If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
+If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="2"
 @app.get('/')
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`.
 
 ---
 
-**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
+**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.
 
 Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast.
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ For example:
 
 ### Concurrency + Parallelism: Web + Machine Learning
 
-With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attractive of NodeJS).
+With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attraction of NodeJS).
 
 But you can also exploit the benefits of parallelism and multiprocessing (having multiple processes running in parallel) for **CPU bound** workloads like those in Machine Learning systems.
 
@@ -397,23 +397,23 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such
 
     These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
 
-    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
+    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
 
 ### Path operation functions
 
 When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server).
 
-If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to define trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>.
+If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to defining trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">I/O</abbr>.
 
 Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework.
 
 ### Dependencies
 
-The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
+The same applies for [dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
 
 ### Sub-dependencies
 
-You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
+You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited".
 
 ### Other utility functions
 

docs/en/docs/contributing.md

@@ -84,58 +84,36 @@ To check it worked, use:
 
 If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉
 
-
-
-!!! tip
-    Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
-
-    This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package (like `flit`), you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
-
-### Flit
-
-**FastAPI** uses <a href="https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flit</a> to build, package and publish the project.
-
-After activating the environment as described above, install `flit`:
+Make sure you have the latest pip version on your virtual environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install flit
+$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
 
 </div>
 
-Now re-activate the environment to make sure you are using the `flit` you just installed (and not a global one).
+!!! tip
+    Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
 
-And now use `flit` to install the development dependencies:
+    This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package, you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
 
-=== "Linux, macOS"
+### pip
 
-    <div class="termy">
+After activating the environment as described above:
 
-    ```console
-    $ flit install --deps develop --symlink
+<div class="termy">
 
-    ---> 100%
-    ```
+```console
+$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]"
 
-    </div>
+---> 100%
+```
 
-=== "Windows"
-
-    If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`:
-
-    <div class="termy">
-
-    ```console
-    $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file
-
-    ---> 100%
-    ```
-
-    </div>
+</div>
 
 It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local environment.
 
@@ -143,7 +121,7 @@ It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local enviro
 
 If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code.
 
-And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows), when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
+And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `-e`, when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
 
 That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.
 
@@ -161,7 +139,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh
 
 It will also auto-sort all your imports.
 
-For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows).
+For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `-e`.
 
 ## Docs
 

docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Here are some possible combinations and strategies:
     * One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**
 * **Kubernetes** and other distributed **container systems**
     * Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running
-* **Cloud services** that handle this for your
+* **Cloud services** that handle this for you
     * The cloud service will probably **handle replication for you**. It would possibly let you define **a process to run**, or a **container image** to use, in any case, it would most probably be **a single Uvicorn process**, and the cloud service would be in charge of replicating it.
 
 !!! tip

docs/en/docs/external-links.md

@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ Here's an incomplete list of some of them.
 {% endfor %}
 {% endif %}
 
+### Taiwanese
+
+{% if external_links %}
+{% for article in external_links.articles.taiwanese %}
+
+* <a href="{{ article.link }}" class="external-link" target="_blank">{{ article.title }}</a> by <a href="{{ article.author_link }}" class="external-link" target="_blank">{{ article.author }}</a>.
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
 ## Podcasts
 
 {% if external_links %}

docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ I'm the creator and maintainer of **FastAPI**. You can read more about that in [
 
 These are the people that:
 
-* [Help others with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* [Help others with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 * [Create Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 * Review Pull Requests, [especially important for translations](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ A round of applause to them. 👏 🙇
 
 ## Most active users last month
 
-These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
+These are the users that have been [helping others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
 
 {% if people %}
 <div class="user-list user-list-center">
 {% for user in people.last_month_active %}
 
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
 {% endfor %}
 
 </div>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questio
 
 Here are the **FastAPI Experts**. 🤓
 
-These are the users that have [helped others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
+These are the users that have [helped others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
 
 They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
 <div class="user-list user-list-center">
 {% for user in people.experts %}
 
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
 {% endfor %}
 
 </div>
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ They are supporting my work with **FastAPI** (and others), mainly through <a hre
 
 The main intention of this page is to highlight the effort of the community to help others.
 
-Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with issues and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
+Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with questions and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
 
 The data is calculated each month, you can read the <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">source code here</a>.
 

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Starlette**'s features (as FastAPI is just Sta
 * **WebSocket** support.
 * In-process background tasks.
 * Startup and shutdown events.
-* Test client built on `requests`.
+* Test client built on HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * **Session and Cookie** support.
 * 100% test coverage.
@@ -195,6 +195,6 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
     * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc.
     * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema.
     * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
-* **Extendible**:
+* **Extensible**:
     * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator.
 * 100% test coverage.

docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You can:
 * <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>.
     * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you.
     * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project.
-* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a>.
+* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a> or <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mastodon</a>.
     * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
     * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools.
     * You can also <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account).
@@ -67,29 +67,129 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what you have liked in it, i
 
 * <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
 * <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
+* <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare</a>.
 
-## Help others with issues in GitHub
+## Help others with questions in GitHub
 
-You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others, most of the times they are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓
+You can try and help others with their questions in:
 
-If you are helping a lot of people with issues, you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions?discussions_q=category%3AQuestions+is%3Aunanswered" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Aquestion+-label%3Aanswered+" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Issues</a>
+
+In many cases you might already know the answer for those questions. 🤓
+
+If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+
+Just remember, the most important point is: try to be kind. People come with their frustrations and in many cases don't ask in the best way, but try as best as you can to be kind. 🤗
+
+The idea is for the **FastAPI** community to be kind and welcoming. At the same time, don't accept bullying or disrespectful behavior towards others. We have to take care of each other.
+
+---
+
+Here's how to help others with questions (in discussions or issues):
+
+### Understand the question
+
+* Check if you can understand what is the **purpose** and use case of the person asking.
+
+* Then check if the question (the vast majority are questions) is **clear**.
+
+* In many cases the question asked is about an imaginary solution from the user, but there might be a **better** one. If you can understand the problem and use case better, you might be able to suggest a better **alternative solution**.
+
+* If you can't understand the question, ask for more **details**.
+
+### Reproduce the problem
+
+For most of the cases and most of the questions there's something related to the person's **original code**.
+
+In many cases they will only copy a fragment of the code, but that's not enough to **reproduce the problem**.
+
+* You can ask them to provide a <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example" class="external-link" target="_blank">minimal, reproducible, example</a>, that you can **copy-paste** and run locally to see the same error or behavior they are seeing, or to understand their use case better.
+
+* If you are feeling too generous, you can try to **create an example** like that yourself, just based on the description of the problem. Just have in mind that this might take a lot of time and it might be better to ask them to clarify the problem first.
+
+### Suggest solutions
+
+* After being able to understand the question, you can give them a possible **answer**.
+
+* In many cases, it's better to understand their **underlying problem or use case**, because there might be a better way to solve it than what they are trying to do.
+
+### Ask to close
+
+If they reply, there's a high chance you would have solved their problem, congrats, **you're a hero**! 🦸
+
+* Now, if that solved their problem, you can ask them to:
+
+    * In GitHub Discussions: mark the comment as the **answer**.
+    * In GitHub Issues: **close** the issue**.
 
 ## Watch the GitHub repository
 
 You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
 
-If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue.
+If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue or question. You can also specify that you only want to be notified about new issues, or discussions, or PRs, etc.
 
-Then you can try and help them solve those issues.
+Then you can try and help them solve those questions.
 
-## Create issues
+## Ask Questions
 
-You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new issue</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new question</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
 
 * Ask a **question** or ask about a **problem**.
 * Suggest a new **feature**.
 
-**Note**: if you create an issue, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
+**Note**: if you do it, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
+
+## Review Pull Requests
+
+You can help me review pull requests from others.
+
+Again, please try your best to be kind. 🤗
+
+---
+
+Here's what to have in mind and how to review a pull request:
+
+### Understand the problem
+
+* First, make sure you **understand the problem** that the pull request is trying to solve. It might have a longer discussion in a GitHub Discussion or issue.
+
+* There's also a good chance that the pull request is not actually needed because the problem can be solved in a **different way**. Then you can suggest or ask about that.
+
+### Don't worry about style
+
+* Don't worry too much about things like commit message styles, I will squash and merge customizing the commit manually.
+
+* Also don't worry about style rules, there are already automatized tools checking that.
+
+And if there's any other style or consistency need, I'll ask directly for that, or I'll add commits on top with the needed changes.
+
+### Check the code
+
+* Check and read the code, see if it makes sense, **run it locally** and see if it actually solves the problem.
+
+* Then **comment** saying that you did that, that's how I will know you really checked it.
+
+!!! info
+    Unfortunately, I can't simply trust PRs that just have several approvals.
+
+    Several times it has happened that there are PRs with 3, 5 or more approvals, probably because the description is appealing, but when I check the PRs, they are actually broken, have a bug, or don't solve the problem they claim to solve. 😅
+
+    So, it's really important that you actually read and run the code, and let me know in the comments that you did. 🤓
+
+* If the PR can be simplified in a way, you can ask for that, but there's no need to be too picky, there might be a lot of subjective points of view (and I will have my own as well 🙈), so it's better if you can focus on the fundamental things.
+
+### Tests
+
+* Help me check that the PR has **tests**.
+
+* Check that the tests **fail** before the PR. 🚨
+
+* Then check that the tests **pass** after the PR. ✅
+
+* Many PRs don't have tests, you can **remind** them to add tests, or you can even **suggest** some tests yourself. That's one of the things that consume most time and you can help a lot with that.
+
+* Then also comment what you tried, that way I'll know that you checked it. 🤓
 
 ## Create a Pull Request
 
@@ -102,14 +202,32 @@ You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the sourc
     * You can also help to review the translations created by others.
 * To propose new documentation sections.
 * To fix an existing issue/bug.
+    * Make sure to add tests.
 * To add a new feature.
+    * Make sure to add tests.
+    * Make sure to add documentation if it's relevant.
+
+## Help Maintain FastAPI
+
+Help me maintain **FastAPI**! 🤓
+
+There's a lot of work to do, and for most of it, **YOU** can do it.
+
+The main tasks that you can do right now are:
+
+* [Help others with questions in GitHub](#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
+* [Review Pull Requests](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
+
+Those two tasks are what **consume time the most**. That's the main work of maintaining FastAPI.
+
+If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making sure it keeps **advancing faster and better**. 🚀
 
 ## Join the chat
 
 Join the 👥 <a href="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf" class="external-link" target="_blank">Discord chat server</a> 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community.
 
 !!! tip
-    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub issues</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
     Use the chat only for other general conversations.
 
@@ -119,9 +237,9 @@ There is also the previous <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="e
 
 Have in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers.
 
-In GitHub issues the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
+In GitHub, the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
 
-Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub issues count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub issues.
+Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub.
 
 On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄
 

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+         d="m 204.56015,87.000351 q -1.90625,0 -2.92969,-1.125 -1.02343,-1.132813 -1.02343,-3.296875 0,-2.09375 1.03906,-3.21875 1.03906,-1.125 2.94531,-1.125 1.82031,0 2.78125,1.210937 0.96094,1.203125 0.96094,3.53125 v 0.0625 h -5.42188 q 0,1.234375 0.45313,1.867188 0.46094,0.625 1.30469,0.625 1.16406,0 1.46875,-1.007813 l 2.07031,0.179688 q -0.89844,2.296875 -3.64844,2.296875 z m 0,-7.382813 q -0.77344,0 -1.19531,0.539063 -0.41406,0.539062 -0.4375,1.507812 h 3.28125 q -0.0625,-1.023437 -0.49219,-1.53125 -0.42969,-0.515625 -1.15625,-0.515625 z"
+         style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:16px;font-family:'Nimbus Sans';-inkscape-font-specification:'Nimbus Sans Bold'"
+         id="path874" />
+    </g>
+  </g>
+</svg>

docs/en/docs/index.md

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
 </a>
-<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
 </a>
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@
 
 ---
 
-FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints.
 
 The key features are:
 
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
-
 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
 * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
@@ -100,6 +99,12 @@ The key features are:
 
 ---
 
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
 ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
 
 <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be
 
 ## Requirements
 
-Python 3.6+
+Python 3.7+
 
 FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
@@ -129,7 +134,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -326,7 +331,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types.
 
 You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
 
-Just standard **Python 3.6+**.
+Just standard **Python 3.7+**.
 
 For example, for an `int`:
 
@@ -425,7 +430,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -445,7 +450,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/en/docs/project-generation.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Project Generation - Template
 
-You can use a project generator to get started, as it includes a lot of the initial set up, security, database and first API endpoints already done for you.
+You can use a project generator to get started, as it includes a lot of the initial set up, security, database and some API endpoints already done for you.
 
 A project generator will always have a very opinionated setup that you should update and adapt for your own needs, but it might be a good starting point for your project.
 

docs/en/docs/python-types.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Python Types Intro
 
-Python has support for optional "type hints".
+Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").
 
-These **"type hints"** are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.
+These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.
 
 By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.
 
@@ -158,13 +158,31 @@ The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 t
 
 As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations.
 
-If you can chose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. See some examples below.
+If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity.
+
+In all the docs there are examples compatible with each version of Python (when there's a difference).
+
+For example "**Python 3.6+**" means it's compatible with Python 3.6 or above (including 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, etc). And "**Python 3.9+**" means it's compatible with Python 3.9 or above (including 3.10, etc).
+
+If you can use the **latest versions of Python**, use the examples for the latest version, those will have the **best and simplest syntax**, for example, "**Python 3.10+**".
 
 #### List
 
 For example, let's define a variable to be a `list` of `str`.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    Declare the variable, with the same colon (`:`) syntax.
+
+    As the type, put `list`.
+
+    As the list is a type that contains some internal types, you put them in square brackets:
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     From `typing`, import `List` (with a capital `L`):
 
@@ -182,18 +200,6 @@ For example, let's define a variable to be a `list` of `str`.
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
-
-    Declare the variable, with the same colon (`:`) syntax.
-
-    As the type, put `list`.
-
-    As the list is a type that contains some internal types, you put them in square brackets:
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py!}
-    ```
-
 !!! info
     Those internal types in the square brackets are called "type parameters".
 
@@ -218,18 +224,18 @@ And still, the editor knows it is a `str`, and provides support for that.
 
 You would do the same to declare `tuple`s and `set`s:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!}
+    ```
+
 This means:
 
 * The variable `items_t` is a `tuple` with 3 items, an `int`, another `int`, and a `str`.
@@ -243,18 +249,18 @@ The first type parameter is for the keys of the `dict`.
 
 The second type parameter is for the values of the `dict`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!}
+    ```
+
 This means:
 
 * The variable `prices` is a `dict`:
@@ -267,20 +273,20 @@ You can declare that a variable can be any of **several types**, for example, an
 
 In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept.
 
-In Python 3.10 there's also an **alternative syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr>.
+In Python 3.10 there's also a **new syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr>.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py!}
+    ```
+
 In both cases this means that `item` could be an `int` or a `str`.
 
 #### Possibly `None`
@@ -299,24 +305,24 @@ Using `Optional[str]` instead of just `str` will let the editor help you detecti
 
 This also means that in Python 3.10, you can use `Something | None`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above - alternative"
+=== "Python 3.6+ alternative"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
-    ```
-
 #### Using `Union` or `Optional`
 
 If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:
@@ -360,34 +366,9 @@ And then you won't have to worry about names like `Optional` and `Union`. 😎
 
 These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic types** or **Generics**, for example:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    * `List`
-    * `Tuple`
-    * `Set`
-    * `Dict`
-    * `Union`
-    * `Optional`
-    * ...and others.
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
-
-    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside):
-
-    * `list`
-    * `tuple`
-    * `set`
-    * `dict`
-
-    And the same as with Python 3.6, from the `typing` module:
-
-    * `Union`
-    * `Optional`
-    * ...and others.
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
-
-    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brakets and types inside):
+    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):
 
     * `list`
     * `tuple`
@@ -400,7 +381,32 @@ These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic ty
     * `Optional` (the same as with Python 3.6)
     * ...and others.
 
-    In Python 3.10, as an alternative to using the generics `Union` and `Optional`, you can use the <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr> to declare unions of types.
+    In Python 3.10, as an alternative to using the generics `Union` and `Optional`, you can use the <abbr title='also called "bitwise or operator", but that meaning is not relevant here'>vertical bar (`|`)</abbr> to declare unions of types, that's a lot better and simpler.
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):
+
+    * `list`
+    * `tuple`
+    * `set`
+    * `dict`
+
+    And the same as with Python 3.6, from the `typing` module:
+
+    * `Union`
+    * `Optional`
+    * ...and others.
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    * `List`
+    * `Tuple`
+    * `Set`
+    * `Dict`
+    * `Union`
+    * `Optional`
+    * ...and others.
 
 ### Classes as types
 
@@ -422,6 +428,10 @@ And then, again, you get all the editor support:
 
 <img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">
 
+Notice that this means "`one_person` is an **instance** of the class `Person`".
+
+It doesn't mean "`one_person` is the **class** called `Person`".
+
 ## Pydantic models
 
 <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> is a Python library to perform data validation.
@@ -436,22 +446,22 @@ And you get all the editor support with that resulting object.
 
 An example from the official Pydantic docs:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python
     {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     ```Python
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! info
@@ -464,6 +474,43 @@ You will see a lot more of all this in practice in the [Tutorial - User Guide](t
 !!! tip
     Pydantic has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.
 
+## Type Hints with Metadata Annotations
+
+Python also has a feature that allows putting **additional metadata** in these type hints using `Annotated`.
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    In Python 3.9, `Annotated` is part of the standard library, so you can import it from `typing`.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    In versions below Python 3.9, you import `Annotated` from `typing_extensions`.
+
+    It will already be installed with **FastAPI**.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial013.py!}
+    ```
+
+Python itself doesn't do anything with this `Annotated`. And for editors and other tools, the type is still `str`.
+
+But you can use this space in `Annotated` to provide **FastAPI** with additional metadata about how you want your application to behave.
+
+The important thing to remember is that **the first *type parameter*** you pass to `Annotated` is the **actual type**. The rest, is just metadata for other tools.
+
+For now, you just need to know that `Annotated` exists, and that it's standard Python. 😎
+
+Later you will see how **powerful** it can be.
+
+!!! tip
+    The fact that this is **standard Python** means that you will still get the **best possible developer experience** in your editor, with the tools you use to analyze and refactor your code, etc. ✨
+
+    And also that your code will be very compatible with many other Python tools and libraries. 🚀
+
 ## Type hints in **FastAPI**
 
 **FastAPI** takes advantage of these type hints to do several things.

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -3,6 +3,663 @@
 ## Latest Changes
 
 
+## 0.95.0
+
+### Highlights
+
+This release adds support for dependencies and parameters using `Annotated` and recommends its usage. ✨
+
+This has **several benefits**, one of the main ones is that now the parameters of your functions with `Annotated` would **not be affected** at all.
+
+If you call those functions in **other places in your code**, the actual **default values** will be kept, your editor will help you notice missing **required arguments**, Python will require you to pass required arguments at **runtime**, you will be able to **use the same functions** for different things and with different libraries (e.g. **Typer** will soon support `Annotated` too, then you could use the same function for an API and a CLI), etc.
+
+Because `Annotated` is **standard Python**, you still get all the **benefits** from editors and tools, like **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc.
+
+One of the **biggest benefits** is that now you can create `Annotated` dependencies that are then shared by multiple *path operation functions*, this will allow you to **reduce** a lot of **code duplication** in your codebase, while keeping all the support from editors and tools.
+
+For example, you could have code like this:
+
+```Python
+def get_current_user(token: str):
+    # authenticate user
+    return User()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items(user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    ...
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+def create_item(*, user: User = Depends(get_current_user), item: Item):
+    ...
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(*, user: User = Depends(get_current_user), item_id: int):
+    ...
+
+
+@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+def delete_item(*, user: User = Depends(get_current_user), item_id: int):
+    ...
+```
+
+There's a bit of code duplication for the dependency:
+
+```Python
+user: User = Depends(get_current_user)
+```
+
+...the bigger the codebase, the more noticeable it is.
+
+Now you can create an annotated dependency once, like this:
+
+```Python
+CurrentUser = Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]
+```
+
+And then you can reuse this `Annotated` dependency:
+
+```Python
+CurrentUser = Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items(user: CurrentUser):
+    ...
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+def create_item(user: CurrentUser, item: Item):
+    ...
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(user: CurrentUser, item_id: int):
+    ...
+
+
+@app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+def delete_item(user: CurrentUser, item_id: int):
+    ...
+```
+
+...and `CurrentUser` has all the typing information as `User`, so your editor will work as expected (autocompletion and everything), and **FastAPI** will be able to understand the dependency defined in `Annotated`. 😎
+
+Roughly **all the docs** have been rewritten to use `Annotated` as the main way to declare **parameters** and **dependencies**. All the **examples** in the docs now include a version with `Annotated` and a version without it, for each of the specific Python versions (when there are small differences/improvements in more recent versions). There were around 23K new lines added between docs, examples, and tests. 🚀
+
+The key updated docs are:
+
+* Python Types Intro:
+    * [Type Hints with Metadata Annotations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/python-types/#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations).
+* Tutorial:
+    * [Query Parameters and String Validations - Additional validation](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#additional-validation)
+        * [Advantages of `Annotated`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#advantages-of-annotated)
+    * [Path Parameters and Numeric Validations - Order the parameters as you need, tricks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#order-the-parameters-as-you-need-tricks)
+        * [Better with `Annotated`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#better-with-annotated)
+    * [Dependencies - First Steps - Share `Annotated` dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/#share-annotated-dependencies)
+
+Special thanks to [@nzig](https://github.com/nzig) for the core implementation and to [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb) for the inspiration and idea with [Xpresso](https://github.com/adriangb/xpresso)! 🚀
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨Add support for PEP-593 `Annotated` for specifying dependencies and parameters. PR [#4871](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4871) by [@nzig](https://github.com/nzig).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Tweak tip recommending `Annotated` in docs. PR [#9270](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9270) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update order of examples, latest Python version first, and simplify version tab names. PR [#9269](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9269) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update all docs to use `Annotated` as the main recommendation, with new examples and tests. PR [#9268](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9268) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.94.1
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🎨 Fix types for lifespan, upgrade Starlette to 0.26.1. PR [#9245](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9245) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.94.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆ Upgrade python-multipart to support 0.0.6. PR [#9212](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9212) by [@musicinmybrain](https://github.com/musicinmybrain).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version, support new `lifespan` with state. PR [#9239](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9239) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update Sentry link in docs. PR [#9218](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9218) by [@smeubank](https://github.com/smeubank).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#5986](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5986) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ➕ Add `pydantic` to PyPI classifiers. PR [#5914](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5914) by [@yezz123](https://github.com/yezz123).
+* ⬆ Bump black from 22.10.0 to 23.1.0. PR [#5953](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5953) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump types-ujson from 5.6.0.0 to 5.7.0.1. PR [#6027](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6027) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.3 to 2.26.0. PR [#6034](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6034) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5709](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5709) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+
+## 0.93.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for `lifespan` async context managers (superseding `startup` and `shutdown` events). Initial PR [#2944](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2944) by [@uSpike](https://github.com/uSpike).
+
+Now, instead of using independent `startup` and `shutdown` events, you can define that logic in a single function with `yield` decorated with `@asynccontextmanager` (an async context manager).
+
+For example:
+
+```Python
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+
+def fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model(x: float):
+    return x * 42
+
+
+ml_models = {}
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    # Load the ML model
+    ml_models["answer_to_everything"] = fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model
+    yield
+    # Clean up the ML models and release the resources
+    ml_models.clear()
+
+
+app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
+
+
+@app.get("/predict")
+async def predict(x: float):
+    result = ml_models["answer_to_everything"](x)
+    return {"result": result}
+```
+
+**Note**: This is the recommended way going forward, instead of using `startup` and `shutdown` events.
+
+Read more about it in the new docs: [Advanced User Guide: Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix formatting in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md` for `ReDoc`. PR [#6005](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6005) by [@eykamp](https://github.com/eykamp).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Tamil translations - initial setup. PR [#5564](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5564) by [@gusty1g](https://github.com/gusty1g).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md`. PR [#9221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9221) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/tutorial/debugging.md`. PR [#9175](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9175) by [@frabc](https://github.com/frabc).
+* 🌐 Initiate Armenian translation setup. PR [#5844](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5844) by [@har8](https://github.com/har8).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/manually.md`. PR [#3693](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3693) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Update translation bot messages. PR [#9206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9206) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Update translations bot to use Discussions, and notify when a PR is done. PR [#9183](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9183) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors-badges. PR [#9182](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9182) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#9181](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9181) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔊 Log GraphQL errors in FastAPI People, because it returns 200, with a payload with an error. PR [#9171](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9171) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Fix/workaround GitHub Actions in Docker with git for FastAPI People. PR [#9169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9169) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Refactor FastAPI Experts to use only discussions now that questions are migrated. PR [#9165](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9165) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade analytics. PR [#6025](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6025) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade and re-enable installing Typer-CLI. PR [#6008](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6008) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.92.0
+
+🚨 This is a security fix. Please upgrade as soon as possible.
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to 0.25.0. PR [#5996](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5996) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * This solves a vulnerability that could allow denial of service attacks by using many small multipart fields/files (parts), consuming high CPU and memory.
+    * Only applications using forms (e.g. file uploads) could be affected.
+    * For most cases, upgrading won't have any breaking changes.
+
+## 0.91.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version to `0.24.0` and refactor internals for compatibility. PR [#5985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5985) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * This can solve nuanced errors when using middlewares. Before Starlette `0.24.0`, a new instance of each middleware class would be created when a new middleware was added. That normally was not a problem, unless the middleware class expected to be created only once, with only one instance, that happened in some cases. This upgrade would solve those cases (thanks [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb)! Starlette PR [#2017](https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2017)). Now the middleware class instances are created once, right before the first request (the first time the app is called).
+    * If you depended on that previous behavior, you might need to update your code. As always, make sure your tests pass before merging the upgrade.
+
+## 0.90.1
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette range to allow 0.23.1. PR [#5980](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5980) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Tweak wording to clarify `docs/en/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#5930](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5930) by [@chandra-deb](https://github.com/chandra-deb).
+* ✏ Update Pydantic GitHub URLs. PR [#5952](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5952) by [@yezz123](https://github.com/yezz123).
+* 📝 Add opinion from Cisco. PR [#5981](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5981) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md`. PR [#5890](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5890) by [@bnzone](https://github.com/bnzone).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ✏ Update `zip-docs.sh` internal script, remove extra space. PR [#5931](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5931) by [@JuanPerdomo00](https://github.com/JuanPerdomo00).
+
+## 0.90.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Bump Starlette from 0.22.0 to 0.23.0. Initial PR [#5739](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5739) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add article "Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記" to External Links. PR [#5496](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5496) by [@Leon0824](https://github.com/Leon0824).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5954](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5954) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 📝 Micro-tweak help docs. PR [#5960](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5960) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update new issue chooser to direct to GitHub Discussions. PR [#5948](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5948) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Recommend GitHub Discussions for questions. PR [#5944](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5944) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#5898](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5898) by [@simatheone](https://github.com/simatheone).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#5970](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5970) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#5858](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5858) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#5525](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5525) by [@felipebpl](https://github.com/felipebpl).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#5870](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5870) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Ubuntu version for docs workflow. PR [#5971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5971) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors badges. PR [#5943](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5943) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Compute FastAPI Experts including GitHub Discussions. PR [#5941](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5941) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade isort and update pre-commit. PR [#5940](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5940) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add template for questions in Discussions. PR [#5920](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5920) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update Sponsor Budget Insight to Powens. PR [#5916](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5916) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update GitHub Sponsors badge data. PR [#5915](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5915) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.89.1
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Ignore Response classes on return annotation. PR [#5855](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5855) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). See the new docs in the PR below.
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update docs and examples for Response Model with Return Type Annotations, and update runtime error. PR [#5873](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5873) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs at [Response Model - Return Type: Other Return Type Annotations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#other-return-type-annotations).
+* 📝 Add External Link: FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified. PR [#5784](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5784) by [@rafrasenberg](https://github.com/rafrasenberg).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/tutorial/first_steps.md`. PR [#5691](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5691) by [@Kadermiyanyedi](https://github.com/Kadermiyanyedi).
+
+## 0.89.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for function return type annotations to declare the `response_model`. Initial PR [#1436](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1436) by [@uriyyo](https://github.com/uriyyo).
+
+Now you can declare the return type / `response_model` in the function return type annotation:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
+    return [
+        Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0),
+        Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0),
+    ]
+```
+
+FastAPI will use the return type annotation to perform:
+
+* Data validation
+* Automatic documentation
+    * It could power automatic client generators
+* **Data filtering**
+
+Before this version it was only supported via the `response_model` parameter.
+
+Read more about it in the new docs: [Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add External Link: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin. PR [#5712](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5712) by [@Xhy-5000](https://github.com/Xhy-5000).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5785](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5785) by [@Kingdageek](https://github.com/Kingdageek).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md`. PR [#5824](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5824) by [@kelbyfaessler](https://github.com/kelbyfaessler).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md`. PR [#5577](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5577) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#4269](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4269) by [@15027668g](https://github.com/15027668g).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/tutorial/cors.md`. PR [#3764](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3764) by [@NinaHwang](https://github.com/NinaHwang).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ Update coverage[toml] requirement from <7.0,>=6.5.0 to >=6.5.0,<8.0. PR [#5801](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5801) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Update uvicorn[standard] requirement from <0.19.0,>=0.12.0 to >=0.12.0,<0.21.0 for development. PR [#5795](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5795) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.2 to 2.24.3. PR [#5842](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5842) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5825](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5825) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* ⬆ Bump types-ujson from 5.5.0 to 5.6.0.0. PR [#5735](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5735) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.2 to 1.6.4. PR [#5750](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5750) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👷 Add GitHub Action gate/check. PR [#5492](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5492) by [@webknjaz](https://github.com/webknjaz).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Svix. PR [#5848](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5848) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Remove Doist sponsor. PR [#5847](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5847) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Update sqlalchemy requirement from <=1.4.41,>=1.3.18 to >=1.3.18,<1.4.43. PR [#5540](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5540) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.4 to 2.0.0. PR [#5757](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5757) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👷 Refactor CI artifact upload/download for docs previews. PR [#5793](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5793) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.1 to 1.5.2. PR [#5714](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5714) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5722](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5722) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable course bundle. PR [#5713](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5713) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Update typer[all] requirement from <0.7.0,>=0.6.1 to >=0.6.1,<0.8.0. PR [#5639](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5639) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+
+## 0.88.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆ Bump Starlette to version `0.22.0` to fix bad encoding for query parameters in new `TestClient`. PR [#5659](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5659) by [@azogue](https://github.com/azogue).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏️ Fix typo in docs for `docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md`. PR [#5376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5376) by [@rifatrakib](https://github.com/rifatrakib).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#5663](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5663) by [@ayr-ton](https://github.com/ayr-ton).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Tweak build-docs to improve CI performance. PR [#5699](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5699) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5566](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5566) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Ruff. PR [#5698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5698) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Remove pip cache for Smokeshow as it depends on a requirements.txt. PR [#5700](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5700) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Fix pip cache for Smokeshow. PR [#5697](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5697) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Fix and tweak CI cache handling. PR [#5696](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5696) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Update `setup-python` action in tests to use new caching feature. PR [#5680](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5680) by [@madkinsz](https://github.com/madkinsz).
+* ⬆ Bump black from 22.8.0 to 22.10.0. PR [#5569](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5569) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+
+## 0.87.0
+
+Highlights of this release:
+
+* [Upgraded Starlette](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0)
+    * Now the `TestClient` is based on HTTPX instead of Requests. 🚀
+    * There are some possible **breaking changes** in the `TestClient` usage, but [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex) built [bump-testclient](https://github.com/Kludex/bump-testclient) to help you automatize migrating your tests. Make sure you are using Git and that you can undo any unnecessary changes (false positive changes, etc) before using `bump-testclient`.
+* New [WebSocketException (and docs)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/#using-depends-and-others), re-exported from Starlette.
+* Upgraded and relaxed dependencies for package extras `all` (including new Uvicorn version), when you install `"fastapi[all]"`.
+* New docs about how to [**Help Maintain FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#help-maintain-fastapi).
+
+### Features
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade and relax dependencies for extras "all". PR [#5634](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5634) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Re-export Starlette's `WebSocketException` and add it to docs. PR [#5629](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5629) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update references to Requests for tests to HTTPX, and add HTTPX to extras. PR [#5628](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5628) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Upgrade Starlette to `0.21.0`, including the new [`TestClient` based on HTTPX](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0). PR [#5471](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5471) by [@pawelrubin](https://github.com/pawelrubin).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏️ Tweak Help FastAPI from PR review after merging. PR [#5633](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5633) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✏️  Clarify docs on CORS. PR [#5627](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5627) by [@paxcodes](https://github.com/paxcodes).
+* 📝 Update Help FastAPI: Help Maintain FastAPI. PR [#5632](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5632) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Fix highlight lines for Japanese translation for `docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#2969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2969) by [@ftnext](https://github.com/ftnext).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-code.md`. PR [#5477](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5477) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md`. PR [#5579](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5579) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md`. PR [#4983](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4983) by [@xryuseix](https://github.com/xryuseix).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ✨ Use Ruff for linting. PR [#5630](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5630) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🛠 Add Arabic issue number to Notify Translations GitHub Action. PR [#5610](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5610) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.1 to 2.24.2. PR [#5609](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5609) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.0 to 2.24.1. PR [#5603](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5603) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 📝 Update coverage badge to use Samuel Colvin's Smokeshow. PR [#5585](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5585) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.86.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ⬆ Add Python 3.11 to the officially supported versions. PR [#5587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✅ Enable tests for Python 3.11. PR [#4881](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4881) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Close FormData (uploaded files) after the request is done. PR [#5465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5465) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#5584](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5584) by [@vivekashok1221](https://github.com/vivekashok1221).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Update wording in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5416](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5416) by [@supercaizehua](https://github.com/supercaizehua).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#5336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5336) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#3846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3846) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Update FastAPI People to exclude bots: pre-commit-ci, dependabot. PR [#5586](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5586) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🎨 Format OpenAPI JSON in `test_starlette_exception.py`. PR [#5379](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5379) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
+* 👷 Switch from Codecov to Smokeshow plus pytest-cov to pure coverage for internal tests. PR [#5583](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5583) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5571](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5571) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+
+## 0.85.2
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix grammar and add helpful links to dependencies in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5432](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5432) by [@pamelafox](https://github.com/pamelafox).
+* ✏ Fix broken link in `alternatives.md`. PR [#5455](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5455) by [@su-shubham](https://github.com/su-shubham).
+* ✏ Fix typo in docs about contributing, for compatibility with `pip` in Zsh. PR [#5523](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5523) by [@zhangbo2012](https://github.com/zhangbo2012).
+* 📝 Fix typo in docs with examples for Python 3.10 instead of 3.9. PR [#5545](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5545) by [@feliciss](https://github.com/feliciss).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md`. PR [#4934](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4934) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#4971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4971) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/deta.md`. PR [#3692](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3692) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#5255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5255) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md`. PR [#4999](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4999) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md`. PR [#4505](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4505) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#4111](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4111) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#4099](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4099) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/versions.md`. PR [#3690](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3690) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#2233](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2233) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin).
+* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#5530](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5530) by [@yuki1sntSnow](https://github.com/yuki1sntSnow).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md`. PR [#4922](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4922) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🔧 Add config for Tamil translations. PR [#5563](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5563) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ Bump internal dependency mypy from 0.971 to 0.982. PR [#5541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5541) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.3 to 1.2.4. PR [#5507](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5507) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump internal dependency types-ujson from 5.4.0 to 5.5.0. PR [#5537](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5537) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.23.0 to 2.24.0. PR [#5508](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5508) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Update internal dependency pytest-cov requirement from <4.0.0,>=2.12.0 to >=2.12.0,<5.0.0. PR [#5539](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5539) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5536) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* 🐛 Fix internal Trio test warnings. PR [#5547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5547) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5408](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5408) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Typer to include Rich in scripts for docs. PR [#5502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5502) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix calling `mkdocs` for languages as a subprocess to fix/enable MkDocs Material search plugin. PR [#5501](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5501) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.85.1
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix support for strings in OpenAPI status codes: `default`, `1XX`, `2XX`, `3XX`, `4XX`, `5XX`. PR [#5187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5187) by [@JarroVGIT](https://github.com/JarroVGIT).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add WayScript x FastAPI Tutorial to External Links section. PR [#5407](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5407) by [@moneeka](https://github.com/moneeka).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5447) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔧 Disable Material for MkDocs search plugin. PR [#5495](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5495) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔇 Ignore Trio warning in tests for CI. PR [#5483](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5483) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin).
+
+## 0.85.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ⬆ Upgrade version required of Starlette from `0.19.1` to `0.20.4`. Initial PR [#4820](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4820) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+    * This includes several bug fixes in Starlette.
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Uvicorn max version in public extras: all. From `>=0.12.0,<0.18.0` to `>=0.12.0,<0.19.0`. PR [#5401](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5401) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade dependencies for doc and dev internal extras: Typer, Uvicorn. PR [#5400](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5400) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade test dependencies: Black, HTTPX, databases, types-ujson. PR [#5399](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5399) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade mypy and tweak internal type annotations. PR [#5398](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5398) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update test dependencies, upgrade Pytest, move dependencies from dev to test. PR [#5396](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5396) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.84.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+This version of FastAPI drops support for Python 3.6. 🔥 Please upgrade to a supported version of Python (3.7 or above), Python 3.6 reached the end-of-life a long time ago. 😅☠
+
+* 🔧 Update package metadata, drop support for Python 3.6, move build internals from Flit to Hatch. PR [#5240](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5240) by [@ofek](https://github.com/ofek).
+
+## 0.83.0
+
+🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥
+
+Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago.
+
+You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should.
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support in `jsonable_encoder` for include and exclude with dataclasses. PR [#4923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4923) by [@DCsunset](https://github.com/DCsunset).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `RuntimeError` raised when `HTTPException` has a status code with no content. PR [#5365](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5365) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
+* 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default `status_code` is empty but the a `Response` parameter with `response.status_code` is set. PR [#5360](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5360) by [@tmeckel](https://github.com/tmeckel).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update `SECURITY.md`. PR [#5377](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5377) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5352](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5352) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+
+## 0.82.0
+
+🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥
+
+Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago.
+
+You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should.
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Export `WebSocketState` in `fastapi.websockets`. PR [#4376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4376) by [@matiuszka](https://github.com/matiuszka).
+* ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR [#3032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3032) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+* ✨ Update `ORJSONResponse` to support non `str` keys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR [#3892](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3892) by [@baby5](https://github.com/baby5).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with `yield` to always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR [#5122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5122) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
+* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR [#5222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5222) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
+* 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR [#4319](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4319) by [@cd17822](https://github.com/cd17822).
+* 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR [#3879](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3879) by [@davidbrochart](https://github.com/davidbrochart).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR [#5346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5346) by [@baconfield](https://github.com/baconfield).
+* ✏ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md`. PR [#3698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3698) by [@pfackeldey](https://github.com/pfackeldey).
+* 📝 Add note about Python 3.10 `X | Y` operator in explanation about Response Models. PR [#5307](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5307) by [@MendyLanda](https://github.com/MendyLanda).
+* 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR [#5260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5260) by [@sjyothi54](https://github.com/sjyothi54).
+* 📝 Update docs for `ORJSONResponse` with details about improving performance. PR [#2615](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2615) by [@falkben](https://github.com/falkben).
+* 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR [#5331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5331) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR [#5329](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5329) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/features.md`. PR [#5315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5315) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#4529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4529) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#4969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4969) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer).
+* 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of `background-task.md`. PR [#5242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5242) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5347) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR [#5321](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5321) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5318) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR [#5256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5256) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry).
+* ♻ Internal small refactor, move `operation_id` parameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR [#4474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4474) by [@hiel](https://github.com/hiel).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR [#5338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.81.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add ReDoc `<noscript>` warning when JS is disabled. PR [#5074](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5074) by [@evroon](https://github.com/evroon).
+* ✨ Add support for `FrozenSet` in parameters (e.g. query). PR [#2938](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2938) by [@juntatalor](https://github.com/juntatalor).
+* ✨ Allow custom middlewares to raise `HTTPException`s and propagate them. PR [#2036](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2036) by [@ghandic](https://github.com/ghandic).
+* ✨ Preserve `json.JSONDecodeError` information when handling invalid JSON in request body, to support custom exception handlers that use its information. PR [#4057](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4057) by [@UKnowWhoIm](https://github.com/UKnowWhoIm).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `jsonable_encoder` for dataclasses with pydantic-compatible fields. PR [#3607](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3607) by [@himbeles](https://github.com/himbeles).
+* 🐛 Fix support for extending `openapi_extras` with parameter lists. PR [#4267](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4267) by [@orilevari](https://github.com/orilevari).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix a simple typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5193](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5193) by [@GlitchingCore](https://github.com/GlitchingCore).
+* ✏ Fix typos in `tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py`. PR [#5126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5126) by [@supraaxdd](https://github.com/supraaxdd).
+* ✏ Fix typos in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#5142](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5142) by [@invisibleroads](https://github.com/invisibleroads).
+* 📝 Add step about upgrading pip in the venv to avoid errors when installing dependencies `docs/en/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#5181](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5181) by [@edisnake](https://github.com/edisnake).
+* ✏ Reword and clarify text in tutorial `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#5169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5169) by [@papb](https://github.com/papb).
+* ✏ Fix minor typo in `docs/en/docs/features.md`. PR [#5206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5206) by [@OtherBarry](https://github.com/OtherBarry).
+* ✏ Fix minor typos in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5125](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5125) by [@Ksenofanex](https://github.com/Ksenofanex).
+* 📝 Add external link to docs: "Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres". PR [#5033](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5033) by [@krishnardt](https://github.com/krishnardt).
+* 📝 Simplify example for docs for Additional Responses, remove unnecessary `else`. PR [#4693](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4693) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
+* 📝 Update docs, compare enums with identity instead of equality. PR [#4905](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4905) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#4886](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4886) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
+* 🎨 Fix syntax highlighting in docs for OpenAPI Callbacks. PR [#4368](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4368) by [@xncbf](https://github.com/xncbf).
+* ✏ Reword confusing sentence in docs file `typo-fix-path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#3219](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3219) by [@ccrenfroe](https://github.com/ccrenfroe).
+* 📝 Update docs for handling HTTP Basic Auth with `secrets.compare_digest()` to account for non-ASCII characters. PR [#3536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3536) by [@lewoudar](https://github.com/lewoudar).
+* 📝 Update docs for testing, fix examples with relative imports. PR [#5302](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5302) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/index.md`. PR [#5289](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5289) by [@impocode](https://github.com/impocode).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md`. PR [#4985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4985) by [@emp7yhead](https://github.com/emp7yhead).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md`. PR [#4921](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4921) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Update `ko/mkdocs.yml` for a missing link. PR [#5020](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5020) by [@dalinaum](https://github.com/dalinaum).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.21.1 to 2.22.0. PR [#5258](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5258) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5196](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5196) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* 🔥 Delete duplicated tests in `tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py`. PR [#5040](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5040) by [@raccoonyy](https://github.com/raccoonyy).
+* ♻ Simplify internal RegEx in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#5057](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5057) by [@pylounge](https://github.com/pylounge).
+* 🔧 Fix Type hint of `auto_error` which does not need to be `Optional[bool]`. PR [#4933](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4933) by [@DavidKimDY](https://github.com/DavidKimDY).
+* 🔧 Update mypy config, use `strict = true` instead of manual configs. PR [#4605](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4605) by [@michaeloliverx](https://github.com/michaeloliverx).
+* ♻ Change a `dict()` for `{}` in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#3138](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3138) by [@ShahriyarR](https://github.com/ShahriyarR).
+* ♻ Move internal variable for errors in `jsonable_encoder` to put related code closer. PR [#4560](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4560) by [@GuilleQP](https://github.com/GuilleQP).
+* ♻ Simplify conditional assignment in `fastapi/dependencies/utils.py`. PR [#4597](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4597) by [@cikay](https://github.com/cikay).
+* ⬆ Upgrade version pin accepted for Flake8, for internal code, to `flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0`. PR [#4097](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4097) by [@jamescurtin](https://github.com/jamescurtin).
+* 🍱 Update Jina banner, fix typo. PR [#5301](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5301) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
 ## 0.80.0
 
 ### Breaking Changes - Fixes
@@ -830,7 +1487,7 @@ Thanks to [Dima Boger](https://twitter.com/b0g3r) for the security report! 🙇
 
 ### Security fixes
 
-* 📌 Upgrade pydantic pin, to handle security vulnerability [CVE-2021-29510](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/security/advisories/GHSA-5jqp-qgf6-3pvh). PR [#3213](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3213) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📌 Upgrade pydantic pin, to handle security vulnerability [CVE-2021-29510](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/security/advisories/GHSA-5jqp-qgf6-3pvh). PR [#3213](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3213) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
 
 ## 0.65.0
 
@@ -1385,11 +2042,11 @@ Note: all the previous parameters are still there, so it's still possible to dec
 
 ## 0.55.1
 
-* Fix handling of enums with their own schema in path parameters. To support [samuelcolvin/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1463).
+* Fix handling of enums with their own schema in path parameters. To support [pydantic/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1463).
 
 ## 0.55.0
 
-* Allow enums to allow them to have their own schemas in OpenAPI. To support [samuelcolvin/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1461](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1461).
+* Allow enums to allow them to have their own schemas in OpenAPI. To support [pydantic/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1461](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1461).
 * Add links for funding through [GitHub sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo). PR [#1425](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1425).
 * Update issue template for for questions. PR [#1344](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1344) by [@retnikt](https://github.com/retnikt).
 * Update warning about storing passwords in docs. PR [#1336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1336) by [@skorokithakis](https://github.com/skorokithakis).

docs/en/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md

@@ -57,18 +57,42 @@ Using `BackgroundTasks` also works with the dependency injection system, you can
 
 **FastAPI** knows what to do in each case and how to re-use the same object, so that all the background tasks are merged together and are run in the background afterwards:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="13  15  22  25"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13  15  22  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14  16  23  26"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="11  13  20  23"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13  15  22  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this example, the messages will be written to the `log.txt` file *after* the response is sent.
 
 If there was a query in the request, it will be written to the log in a background task.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md

@@ -112,9 +112,26 @@ So we put them in their own `dependencies` module (`app/dependencies.py`).
 
 We will now use a simple dependency to read a custom `X-Token` header:
 
-```Python hl_lines="1  4-6"
-{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  6-8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/dependencies.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  5-7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/dependencies.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4-6"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! tip
     We are using an invented header to simplify this example.
@@ -189,7 +206,7 @@ The end result is that the item paths are now:
 
 ### Import the dependencies
 
-This codes lives in the module `app.routers.items`, the file `app/routers/items.py`.
+This code lives in the module `app.routers.items`, the file `app/routers/items.py`.
 
 And we need to get the dependency function from the module `app.dependencies`, the file `app/dependencies.py`.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md

@@ -6,18 +6,42 @@ The same way you can declare additional validation and metadata in *path operati
 
 First, you have to import it:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="4"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="2"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! warning
     Notice that `Field` is imported directly from `pydantic`, not from `fastapi` as are all the rest (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, etc).
 
@@ -25,18 +49,42 @@ First, you have to import it:
 
 You can then use `Field` with model attributes:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="11-14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11-14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12-15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9-12"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11-14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 `Field` works the same way as `Query`, `Path` and `Body`, it has all the same parameters, etc.
 
 !!! note "Technical Details"

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md

@@ -8,18 +8,42 @@ First, of course, you can mix `Path`, `Query` and request body parameter declara
 
 And you can also declare body parameters as optional, by setting the default to `None`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="19-21"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17-19"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! note
     Notice that, in this case, the `item` that would be taken from the body is optional. As it has a `None` default value.
 
@@ -38,18 +62,18 @@ In the previous example, the *path operations* would expect a JSON body with the
 
 But you can also declare multiple body parameters, e.g. `item` and `user`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="22"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="20"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this case, **FastAPI** will notice that there are more than one body parameters in the function (two parameters that are Pydantic models).
 
 So, it will then use the parameter names as keys (field names) in the body, and expect a body like:
@@ -87,18 +111,42 @@ If you declare it as is, because it is a singular value, **FastAPI** will assume
 
 But you can instruct **FastAPI** to treat it as another body key using `Body`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="22"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="20"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this case, **FastAPI** will expect a body like:
 
 ```JSON
@@ -137,18 +185,42 @@ q: str | None = None
 
 For example:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="28"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="26"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!}
-    ```
-
 !!! info
     `Body` also has all the same extra validation and metadata parameters as `Query`,`Path` and others you will see later.
 
@@ -166,18 +238,42 @@ item: Item = Body(embed=True)
 
 as in:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="15"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this case **FastAPI** will expect a body like:
 
 ```JSON hl_lines="2"

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md

@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ With **FastAPI**, you can define, validate, document, and use arbitrarily deeply
 
 You can define an attribute to be a subtype. For example, a Python `list`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="12"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-This will make `tags` be a list of items. Although it doesn't declare the type of each of the items.
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
+This will make `tags` be a list, although it doesn't declare the type of the elements of the list.
 
 ## List fields with type parameter
 
@@ -61,22 +61,22 @@ Use that same standard syntax for model attributes with internal types.
 
 So, in our example, we can make `tags` be specifically a "list of strings":
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="14"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="12"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 ## Set types
@@ -87,22 +87,22 @@ And Python has a special data type for sets of unique items, the `set`.
 
 Then we can declare `tags` as a set of strings:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="14"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="12"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
 With this, even if you receive a request with duplicate data, it will be converted to a set of unique items.
@@ -125,44 +125,44 @@ All that, arbitrarily nested.
 
 For example, we can define an `Image` model:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="9-11"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="7-9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9-11"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="7-9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!}
     ```
 
 ### Use the submodel as a type
 
 And then we can use it as the type of an attribute:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="20"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="20"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!}
     ```
 
 This would mean that **FastAPI** would expect a body similar to:
@@ -196,22 +196,22 @@ To see all the options you have, checkout the docs for <a href="https://pydantic
 
 For example, as in the `Image` model we have a `url` field, we can declare it to be instead of a `str`, a Pydantic's `HttpUrl`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="4  10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="4  10"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="2  8"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!}
     ```
 
 The string will be checked to be a valid URL, and documented in JSON Schema / OpenAPI as such.
@@ -220,22 +220,22 @@ The string will be checked to be a valid URL, and documented in JSON Schema / Op
 
 You can also use Pydantic models as subtypes of `list`, `set`, etc:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="20"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="20"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!}
     ```
 
 This will expect (convert, validate, document, etc) a JSON body like:
@@ -271,22 +271,22 @@ This will expect (convert, validate, document, etc) a JSON body like:
 
 You can define arbitrarily deeply nested models:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="9  14  20  23  27"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  12  18  21  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9  14  20  23  27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="7  12  18  21  25"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  14  20  23  27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! info
@@ -308,18 +308,18 @@ images: list[Image]
 
 as in:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="15"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="13"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Editor support everywhere
 
 And you get editor support everywhere.
@@ -348,18 +348,18 @@ That's what we are going to see here.
 
 In this case, you would accept any `dict` as long as it has `int` keys with `float` values:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! tip
     Have in mind that JSON only supports `str` as keys.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md

@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ To update an item you can use the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/d
 
 You can use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the input data to data that can be stored as JSON (e.g. with a NoSQL database). For example, converting `datetime` to `str`.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="30-35"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="28-33"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="30-35"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="28-33"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="30-35"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py!}
     ```
 
 `PUT` is used to receive data that should replace the existing data.
@@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ That would generate a `dict` with only the data that was set when creating the `
 
 Then you can use this to generate a `dict` with only the data that was set (sent in the request), omitting default values:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="34"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="34"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="32"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="34"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 ### Using Pydantic's `update` parameter
@@ -91,22 +91,22 @@ Now, you can create a copy of the existing model using `.copy()`, and pass the `
 
 Like `stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data)`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="35"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="33"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="35"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="33"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="35"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 ### Partial updates recap
@@ -124,22 +124,22 @@ In summary, to apply partial updates you would:
 * Save the data to your DB.
 * Return the updated model.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="30-37"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="28-35"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="30-37"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="28-35"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="30-37"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! tip

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body.md

@@ -19,36 +19,36 @@ To declare a **request** body, you use <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual
 
 First, you need to import `BaseModel` from `pydantic`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="4"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="2"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Create your data model
 
 Then you declare your data model as a class that inherits from `BaseModel`.
 
 Use standard Python types for all the attributes:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="7-11"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="5-9"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7-11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 The same as when declaring query parameters, when a model attribute has a default value, it is not required. Otherwise, it is required. Use `None` to make it just optional.
 
 For example, this model above declares a JSON "`object`" (or Python `dict`) like:
@@ -75,18 +75,18 @@ For example, this model above declares a JSON "`object`" (or Python `dict`) like
 
 To add it to your *path operation*, declare it the same way you declared path and query parameters:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ...and declare its type as the model you created, `Item`.
 
 ## Results
@@ -149,54 +149,54 @@ But you would get the same editor support with <a href="https://www.jetbrains.co
 
 Inside of the function, you can access all the attributes of the model object directly:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="21"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Request body + path parameters
 
 You can declare path parameters and request body at the same time.
 
 **FastAPI** will recognize that the function parameters that match path parameters should be **taken from the path**, and that function parameters that are declared to be Pydantic models should be **taken from the request body**.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="17-18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="15-16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17-18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Request body + path + query parameters
 
 You can also declare **body**, **path** and **query** parameters, all at the same time.
 
 **FastAPI** will recognize each of them and take the data from the correct place.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 The function parameters will be recognized as follows:
 
 * If the parameter is also declared in the **path**, it will be used as a path parameter.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md

@@ -6,36 +6,84 @@ You can define Cookie parameters the same way you define `Query` and `Path` para
 
 First import `Cookie`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="3"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Declare `Cookie` parameters
 
 Then declare the cookie parameters using the same structure as with `Path` and `Query`.
 
 The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! note "Technical Details"
     `Cookie` is a "sister" class of `Path` and `Query`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/cors.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The following arguments are supported:
 * `allow_origins` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. E.g. `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. You can use `['*']` to allow any origin.
 * `allow_origin_regex` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. e.g. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`.
 * `allow_methods` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use `['*']` to allow all standard methods.
-* `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for CORS requests.
+* `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple_requests" class="external-link" rel="noopener" target="_blank">simple CORS requests</a>.
 * `allow_credentials` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `False`. Also, `allow_origins` cannot be set to `['*']` for credentials to be allowed, origins must be specified.
 * `expose_headers` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to `[]`.
 * `max_age` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to `600`.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md

@@ -6,18 +6,42 @@ Before diving deeper into the **Dependency Injection** system, let's upgrade the
 
 In the previous example, we were returning a `dict` from our dependency ("dependable"):
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 But then we get a `dict` in the parameter `commons` of the *path operation function*.
 
 And we know that editors can't provide a lot of support (like completion) for `dict`s, because they can't know their keys and value types.
@@ -79,46 +103,118 @@ That also applies to callables with no parameters at all. The same as it would b
 
 Then, we can change the dependency "dependable" `common_parameters` from above to the class `CommonQueryParams`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="11-15"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11-15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12-16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9-13"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-Pay attention to the `__init__` method used to create the instance of the class:
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    ```Python hl_lines="11-15"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+Pay attention to the `__init__` method used to create the instance of the class:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-...it has the same parameters as our previous `common_parameters`:
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+...it has the same parameters as our previous `common_parameters`:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 Those parameters are what **FastAPI** will use to "solve" the dependency.
 
 In both cases, it will have:
@@ -133,32 +229,67 @@ In both cases the data will be converted, validated, documented on the OpenAPI s
 
 Now you can declare your dependency using this class.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 **FastAPI** calls the `CommonQueryParams` class. This creates an "instance" of that class and the instance will be passed as the parameter `commons` to your function.
 
 ## Type annotation vs `Depends`
 
 Notice how we write `CommonQueryParams` twice in the above code:
 
-```Python
-commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]
+    ```
 
 The last `CommonQueryParams`, in:
 
 ```Python
-... = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+... Depends(CommonQueryParams)
 ```
 
 ...is what **FastAPI** will actually use to know what is the dependency.
@@ -169,32 +300,78 @@ From it is that FastAPI will extract the declared parameters and that is what Fa
 
 In this case, the first `CommonQueryParams`, in:
 
-```Python
-commons: CommonQueryParams ...
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-...doesn't have any special meaning for **FastAPI**. FastAPI won't use it for data conversion, validation, etc. (as it is using the `= Depends(CommonQueryParams)` for that).
+    ```Python
+    commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, ...
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: CommonQueryParams ...
+    ```
+
+...doesn't have any special meaning for **FastAPI**. FastAPI won't use it for data conversion, validation, etc. (as it is using the `Depends(CommonQueryParams)` for that).
 
 You could actually write just:
 
-```Python
-commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: Annotated[Any, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+    ```
 
 ..as in:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 But declaring the type is encouraged as that way your editor will know what will be passed as the parameter `commons`, and then it can help you with code completion, type checks, etc:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png">
@@ -203,9 +380,20 @@ But declaring the type is encouraged as that way your editor will know what will
 
 But you see that we are having some code repetition here, writing `CommonQueryParams` twice:
 
-```Python
-commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]
+    ```
 
 **FastAPI** provides a shortcut for these cases, in where the dependency is *specifically* a class that **FastAPI** will "call" to create an instance of the class itself.
 
@@ -213,32 +401,78 @@ For those specific cases, you can do the following:
 
 Instead of writing:
 
-```Python
-commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+    ```
 
 ...you write:
 
-```Python
-commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-You declare the dependency as the type of the parameter, and you use `Depends()` as its "default" value (that after the `=`) for that function's parameter, without any parameter in `Depends()`, instead of having to write the full class *again* inside of `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`.
+    ```Python
+    commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends()]
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()
+    ```
+
+You declare the dependency as the type of the parameter, and you use `Depends()` without any parameter, instead of having to write the full class *again* inside of `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`.
 
 The same example would then look like:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ...and **FastAPI** will know what to do.
 
 !!! tip

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md

@@ -14,9 +14,26 @@ The *path operation decorator* receives an optional argument `dependencies`.
 
 It should be a `list` of `Depends()`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="17"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
 
 These dependencies will be executed/solved the same way normal dependencies. But their value (if they return any) won't be passed to your *path operation function*.
 
@@ -40,17 +57,51 @@ You can use the same dependency *functions* you use normally.
 
 They can declare request requirements (like headers) or other sub-dependencies:
 
-```Python hl_lines="6  11"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
 
 ### Raise exceptions
 
 These dependencies can `raise` exceptions, the same as normal dependencies:
 
-```Python hl_lines="8  13"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10  15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
 
 ### Return values
 
@@ -58,9 +109,26 @@ And they can return values or not, the values won't be used.
 
 So, you can re-use a normal dependency (that returns a value) you already use somewhere else, and even though the value won't be used, the dependency will be executed:
 
-```Python hl_lines="9  14"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11  16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10  15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Dependencies for a group of *path operations*
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md

@@ -66,9 +66,26 @@ You can have sub-dependencies and "trees" of sub-dependencies of any size and sh
 
 For example, `dependency_c` can have a dependency on `dependency_b`, and `dependency_b` on `dependency_a`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="4  12  20"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  14  22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  13  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  12  20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!}
+    ```
 
 And all of them can use `yield`.
 
@@ -76,9 +93,26 @@ In this case `dependency_c`, to execute its exit code, needs the value from `dep
 
 And, in turn, `dependency_b` needs the value from `dependency_a` (here named `dep_a`) to be available for its exit code.
 
-```Python hl_lines="16-17  24-25"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-19  26-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="17-18  25-26"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16-17  24-25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!}
+    ```
 
 The same way, you could have dependencies with `yield` and `return` mixed.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md

@@ -6,9 +6,26 @@ Similar to the way you can [add `dependencies` to the *path operation decorators
 
 In that case, they will be applied to all the *path operations* in the application:
 
-```Python hl_lines="15"
-{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!}
+    ```
 
 And all the ideas in the section about [adding `dependencies` to the *path operation decorators*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} still apply, but in this case, to all of the *path operations* in the app.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md

@@ -31,18 +31,42 @@ Let's first focus on the dependency.
 
 It is just a function that can take all the same parameters that a *path operation function* can take:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="8-11"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6-7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 That's it.
 
 **2 lines**.
@@ -63,40 +87,90 @@ And then it just returns a `dict` containing those values.
 
 ### Import `Depends`
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="3"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Declare the dependency, in the "dependant"
 
 The same way you use `Body`, `Query`, etc. with your *path operation function* parameters, use `Depends` with a new parameter:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15  20"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="13  18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15  20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="11  16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15  20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 Although you use `Depends` in the parameters of your function the same way you use `Body`, `Query`, etc, `Depends` works a bit differently.
 
 You only give `Depends` a single parameter.
 
 This parameter must be something like a function.
 
+You **don't call it** directly (don't add the parenthesis at the end), you just pass it as a parameter to `Depends()`.
+
 And that function takes parameters in the same way that *path operation functions* do.
 
 !!! tip
@@ -126,6 +200,45 @@ This way you write shared code once and **FastAPI** takes care of calling it for
 
     You just pass it to `Depends` and **FastAPI** knows how to do the rest.
 
+## Share `Annotated` dependencies
+
+In the examples above, you see that there's a tiny bit of **code duplication**.
+
+When you need to use the `common_parameters()` dependency, you have to write the whole parameter with the type annotation and `Depends()`:
+
+```Python
+commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]
+```
+
+But because we are using `Annotated`, we can store that `Annotated` value in a variable and use it in multiple places:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12  16  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14  18  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15  19  24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+!!! tip
+    This is just standard Python, it's called a "type alias", it's actually not specific to **FastAPI**.
+
+    But because **FastAPI** is based on the Python standards, including `Annotated`, you can use this trick in your code. 😎
+
+The dependencies will keep working as expected, and the **best part** is that the **type information will be preserved**, which means that your editor will be able to keep providing you with **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc. The same for other tools like `mypy`.
+
+This will be especially useful when you use it in a **large code base** where you use **the same dependencies** over and over again in **many *path operations***.
+
 ## To `async` or not to `async`
 
 As dependencies will also be called by **FastAPI** (the same as your *path operation functions*), the same rules apply while defining your functions.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md

@@ -10,18 +10,42 @@ They can be as **deep** as you need them to be.
 
 You could create a first dependency ("dependable") like:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8-9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6-7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8-9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
+
 It declares an optional query parameter `q` as a `str`, and then it just returns it.
 
 This is quite simple (not very useful), but will help us focus on how the sub-dependencies work.
@@ -30,18 +54,42 @@ This is quite simple (not very useful), but will help us focus on how the sub-de
 
 Then you can create another dependency function (a "dependable") that at the same time declares a dependency of its own (so it is a "dependant" too):
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="13"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="11"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
+
 Let's focus on the parameters declared:
 
 * Even though this function is a dependency ("dependable") itself, it also declares another dependency (it "depends" on something else).
@@ -53,18 +101,42 @@ Let's focus on the parameters declared:
 
 Then we can use the dependency with:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="22"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! info
     Notice that we are only declaring one dependency in the *path operation function*, the `query_or_cookie_extractor`.
 
@@ -89,10 +161,22 @@ And it will save the returned value in a <abbr title="A utility/system to store
 
 In an advanced scenario where you know you need the dependency to be called at every step (possibly multiple times) in the same request instead of using the "cached" value, you can set the parameter `use_cache=False` when using `Depends`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="1"
-async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)):
-    return {"fresh_value": fresh_value}
-```
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: Annotated[str, Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)]):
+        return {"fresh_value": fresh_value}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)):
+        return {"fresh_value": fresh_value}
+    ```
 
 ## Recap
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/encoder.md

@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ You can use `jsonable_encoder` for that.
 
 It receives an object, like a Pydantic model, and returns a JSON compatible version:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="5  22"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="4  21"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this example, it would convert the Pydantic model to a `dict`, and the `datetime` to a `str`.
 
 The result of calling it is something that can be encoded with the Python standard <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps" class="external-link" target="_blank">`json.dumps()`</a>.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md

@@ -55,28 +55,76 @@ Here are some of the additional data types you can use:
 
 Here's an example *path operation* with parameters using some of the above types.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1  3  12-16"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  3  12-16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  3  13-17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1  2  11-15"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-Note that the parameters inside the function have their natural data type, and you can, for example, perform normal date manipulations, like:
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  2  12-16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+Note that the parameters inside the function have their natural data type, and you can, for example, perform normal date manipulations, like:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19-20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17-18"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```

docs/en/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md

@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ This is especially the case for user models, because:
 
 Here's a general idea of how the models could look like with their password fields and the places where they are used:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9  11  16  22  24  29-30  33-35  40-41"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7  9  14  20  22  27-28  31-33  38-39"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  11  16  22  24  29-30  33-35  40-41"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### About `**user_in.dict()`
 
 #### Pydantic's `.dict()`
@@ -158,18 +158,18 @@ All the data conversion, validation, documentation, etc. will still work as norm
 
 That way, we can declare just the differences between the models (with plaintext `password`, with `hashed_password` and without password):
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9  15-16  19-20  23-24"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7  13-14  17-18  21-22"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  15-16  19-20  23-24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## `Union` or `anyOf`
 
 You can declare a response to be the `Union` of two types, that means, that the response would be any of the two.
@@ -181,18 +181,18 @@ To do that, use the standard Python type hint <a href="https://docs.python.org/3
 !!! note
     When defining a <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/types/#unions" class="external-link" target="_blank">`Union`</a>, include the most specific type first, followed by the less specific type. In the example below, the more specific `PlaneItem` comes before `CarItem` in `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]`.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  14-15  18-20  33"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1  14-15  18-20  33"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  14-15  18-20  33"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### `Union` in Python 3.10
 
 In this example we pass `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` as the value of the argument `response_model`.
@@ -213,18 +213,18 @@ The same way, you can declare responses of lists of objects.
 
 For that, use the standard Python `typing.List` (or just `list` in Python 3.9 and above):
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  20"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="18"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Response with arbitrary `dict`
 
 You can also declare a response using a plain arbitrary `dict`, declaring just the type of the keys and values, without using a Pydantic model.
@@ -233,18 +233,18 @@ This is useful if you don't know the valid field/attribute names (that would be
 
 In this case, you can use `typing.Dict` (or just `dict` in Python 3.9 and above):
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  8"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap
 
 Use multiple Pydantic models and inherit freely for each case.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/header-params.md

@@ -6,36 +6,84 @@ You can define Header parameters the same way you define `Query`, `Path` and `Co
 
 First import `Header`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="3"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Declare `Header` parameters
 
 Then declare the header parameters using the same structure as with `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`.
 
 The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! note "Technical Details"
     `Header` is a "sister" class of `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.
 
@@ -60,18 +108,42 @@ So, you can use `user_agent` as you normally would in Python code, instead of ne
 
 If for some reason you need to disable automatic conversion of underscores to hyphens, set the parameter `convert_underscores` of `Header` to `False`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! warning
     Before setting `convert_underscores` to `False`, bear in mind that some HTTP proxies and servers disallow the usage of headers with underscores.
 
@@ -85,22 +157,49 @@ You will receive all the values from the duplicate header as a Python `list`.
 
 For example, to declare a header of `X-Token` that can appear more than once, you can write:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="7"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
 If you communicate with that *path operation* sending two HTTP headers like:

docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ You can configure the two documentation user interfaces included:
 * **Swagger UI**: served at `/docs`.
     * You can set its URL with the parameter `docs_url`.
     * You can disable it by setting `docs_url=None`.
-* ReDoc: served at `/redoc`.
+* **ReDoc**: served at `/redoc`.
     * You can set its URL with the parameter `redoc_url`.
     * You can disable it by setting `redoc_url=None`.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md

@@ -13,22 +13,22 @@ You can pass directly the `int` code, like `404`.
 
 But if you don't remember what each number code is for, you can use the shortcut constants in `status`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="3  17"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="3  17"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  15"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!}
     ```
 
 That status code will be used in the response and will be added to the OpenAPI schema.
@@ -42,22 +42,22 @@ That status code will be used in the response and will be added to the OpenAPI s
 
 You can add tags to your *path operation*, pass the parameter `tags` with a `list` of `str` (commonly just one `str`):
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  27"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="15  20  25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17  22  27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15  20  25"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 They will be added to the OpenAPI schema and used by the automatic documentation interfaces:
@@ -80,22 +80,22 @@ In these cases, it could make sense to store the tags in an `Enum`.
 
 You can add a `summary` and `description`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="20-21"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="20-21"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="18-19"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="20-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
 ## Description from docstring
@@ -104,22 +104,22 @@ As descriptions tend to be long and cover multiple lines, you can declare the *p
 
 You can write <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown" class="external-link" target="_blank">Markdown</a> in the docstring, it will be interpreted and displayed correctly (taking into account docstring indentation).
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="19-27"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="17-25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19-27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17-25"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="19-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!}
     ```
 
 It will be used in the interactive docs:
@@ -130,22 +130,22 @@ It will be used in the interactive docs:
 
 You can specify the response description with the parameter `response_description`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="21"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="21"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="19"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! info

docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md

@@ -1,41 +1,89 @@
 # Path Parameters and Numeric Validations
 
-The same way you can declare more validations and metadata for query parameters with `Query`, you can declare the same type of validations and metadata for path parameters with `Path`.
+In the same way that you can declare more validations and metadata for query parameters with `Query`, you can declare the same type of validations and metadata for path parameters with `Path`.
 
 ## Import Path
 
-First, import `Path` from `fastapi`:
+First, import `Path` from `fastapi`, and import `Annotated`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="3"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3-4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Declare metadata
 
 You can declare all the same parameters as for `Query`.
 
 For example, to declare a `title` metadata value for the path parameter `item_id` you can type:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! note
     A path parameter is always required as it has to be part of the path.
 
@@ -45,11 +93,14 @@ For example, to declare a `title` metadata value for the path parameter `item_id
 
 ## Order the parameters as you need
 
+!!! tip
+    This is probably not as important or necessary if you use `Annotated`.
+
 Let's say that you want to declare the query parameter `q` as a required `str`.
 
 And you don't need to declare anything else for that parameter, so you don't really need to use `Query`.
 
-But you still need to use `Path` for the `item_id` path parameter.
+But you still need to use `Path` for the `item_id` path parameter. And you don't want to use `Annotated` for some reason.
 
 Python will complain if you put a value with a "default" before a value that doesn't have a "default".
 
@@ -59,13 +110,44 @@ It doesn't matter for **FastAPI**. It will detect the parameters by their names,
 
 So, you can declare your function as:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.6 non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
+But have in mind that if you use `Annotated`, you won't have this problem, it won't matter as you're not using the function parameter default values for `Query()` or `Path()`.
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Order the parameters as you need, tricks
 
-If you want to declare the `q` query parameter without a `Query` nor any default value, and the path parameter `item_id` using `Path`, and have them in a different order, Python has a little special syntax for that.
+!!! tip
+    This is probably not as important or necessary if you use `Annotated`.
+
+Here's a **small trick** that can be handy, but you won't need it often.
+
+If you want to:
+
+* declare the `q` query parameter without a `Query` nor any default value
+* declare the path parameter `item_id` using `Path`
+* have them in a different order
+* not use `Annotated`
+
+...Python has a little special syntax for that.
 
 Pass `*`, as the first parameter of the function.
 
@@ -75,15 +157,48 @@ Python won't do anything with that `*`, but it will know that all the following
 {!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!}
 ```
 
+### Better with `Annotated`
+
+Have in mind that if you use `Annotated`, as you are not using function parameter default values, you won't have this problem, and yo probably won't need to use `*`.
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Number validations: greater than or equal
 
-With `Query` and `Path` (and other's you'll see later) you can declare string constraints, but also number constraints.
+With `Query` and `Path` (and others you'll see later) you can declare number constraints.
 
 Here, with `ge=1`, `item_id` will need to be an integer number "`g`reater than or `e`qual" to `1`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="8"
-{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Number validations: greater than and less than or equal
 
@@ -92,9 +207,26 @@ The same applies for:
 * `gt`: `g`reater `t`han
 * `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual
 
-```Python hl_lines="9"
-{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Number validations: floats, greater than and less than
 
@@ -106,9 +238,26 @@ So, `0.5` would be a valid value. But `0.0` or `0` would not.
 
 And the same for <abbr title="less than"><code>lt</code></abbr>.
 
-```Python hl_lines="11"
-{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Recap
 
@@ -122,9 +271,9 @@ And you can also declare numeric validations:
 * `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual
 
 !!! info
-    `Query`, `Path`, and others you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class (that you don't need to use).
+    `Query`, `Path`, and other classes you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class.
 
-    And all of them share the same all these same parameters of additional validation and metadata you have seen.
+    All of them share the same parameters for additional validation and metadata you have seen.
 
 !!! note "Technical Details"
     When you import `Query`, `Path` and others from `fastapi`, they are actually functions.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md

@@ -4,18 +4,18 @@
 
 Let's take this application as example:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 The query parameter `q` is of type `Union[str, None]` (or `str | None` in Python 3.10), that means that it's of type `str` but could also be `None`, and indeed, the default value is `None`, so FastAPI will know it's not required.
 
 !!! note
@@ -27,39 +27,117 @@ The query parameter `q` is of type `Union[str, None]` (or `str | None` in Python
 
 We are going to enforce that even though `q` is optional, whenever it is provided, **its length doesn't exceed 50 characters**.
 
-### Import `Query`
+### Import `Query` and `Annotated`
 
-To achieve that, first import `Query` from `fastapi`:
+To achieve that, first import:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+* `Query` from `fastapi`
+* `Annotated` from `typing` (or from `typing_extensions` in Python below 3.9)
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="3"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    In Python 3.9 or above, `Annotated` is part of the standard library, so you can import it from `typing`.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="1"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    In versions of Python below Python 3.9 you import `Annotation` from `typing_extensions`.
+
+    It will already be installed with FastAPI.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3-4"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py!}
     ```
 
-## Use `Query` as the default value
+## Use `Annotated` in the type for the `q` parameter
 
-And now use it as the default value of your parameter, setting the parameter `max_length` to 50:
+Remember I told you before that `Annotated` can be used to add metadata to your parameters in the [Python Types Intro](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations){.internal-link target=_blank}?
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+Now it's the time to use it with FastAPI. 🚀
+
+We had this type annotation:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python
+    q: str | None = None
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    q: Union[str, None] = None
+    ```
+
+What we will do is wrap that with `Annotated`, so it becomes:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python
+    q: Annotated[str | None] = None
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None
+    ```
+
+Both of those versions mean the same thing, `q` is a parameter that can be a `str` or `None`, and by default, it is `None`.
+
+Now let's jump to the fun stuff. 🎉
+
+## Add `Query` to `Annotated` in the `q` parameter
+
+Now that we have this `Annotated` where we can put more metadata, add `Query` to it, and set the parameter `max_length` to 50:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+Notice that the default value is still `None`, so the parameter is still optional.
+
+But now, having `Query(max_length=50)` inside of `Annotated`, we are telling FastAPI that we want it to extract this value from the query parameters (this would have been the default anyway 🤷) and that we want to have **additional validation** for this value (that's why we do this, to get the additional validation). 😎
+
+FastAPI wll now:
+
+* **Validate** the data making sure that the max length is 50 characters
+* Show a **clear error** for the client when the data is not valid
+* **Document** the parameter in the OpenAPI schema *path operation* (so it will show up in the **automatic docs UI**)
+
+## Alternative (old) `Query` as the default value
+
+Previous versions of FastAPI (before <abbr title="before 2023-03">0.95.0</abbr>) required you to use `Query` as the default value of your parameter, instead of putting it in `Annotated`, there's a high chance that you will see code using it around, so I'll explain it to you.
+
+!!! tip
+    For new code and whenever possible, use `Annotated` as explained above. There are multiple advantages (explained below) and no disadvantages. 🍰
+
+This is how you would use `Query()` as the default value of your function parameter, setting the parameter `max_length` to 50:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-As we have to replace the default value `None` in the function with `Query()`, we can now set the default value with the parameter `Query(default=None)`, it serves the same purpose of defining that default value.
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
+As in this case (without using `Annotated`) we have to replace the default value `None` in the function with `Query()`, we now need to set the default value with the parameter `Query(default=None)`, it serves the same purpose of defining that default value (at least for FastAPI).
 
 So:
 
@@ -67,7 +145,7 @@ So:
 q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
 ```
 
-...makes the parameter optional, the same as:
+...makes the parameter optional, with a default value of `None`, the same as:
 
 ```Python
 q: Union[str, None] = None
@@ -79,7 +157,7 @@ And in Python 3.10 and above:
 q: str | None = Query(default=None)
 ```
 
-...makes the parameter optional, the same as:
+...makes the parameter optional, with a default value of `None`, the same as:
 
 ```Python
 q: str | None = None
@@ -112,38 +190,124 @@ q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)
 
 This will validate the data, show a clear error when the data is not valid, and document the parameter in the OpenAPI schema *path operation*.
 
+### `Query` as the default value or in `Annotated`
+
+Have in mind that when using `Query` inside of `Annotated` you cannot use the `default` parameter for `Query`.
+
+Instead use the actual default value of the function parameter. Otherwise, it would be inconsistent.
+
+For example, this is not allowed:
+
+```Python
+q: Annotated[str Query(default="rick")] = "morty"
+```
+
+...because it's not clear if the default value should be `"rick"` or `"morty"`.
+
+So, you would use (preferably):
+
+```Python
+q: Annotated[str, Query()] = "rick"
+```
+
+...or in older code bases you will find:
+
+```Python
+q: str = Query(default="rick")
+```
+
+### Advantages of `Annotated`
+
+**Using `Annotated` is recommended** instead of the default value in function parameters, it is **better** for multiple reasons. 🤓
+
+The **default** value of the **function parameter** is the **actual default** value, that's more intuitive with Python in general. 😌
+
+You could **call** that same function in **other places** without FastAPI, and it would **work as expected**. If there's a **required** parameter (without a default value), your **editor** will let you know with an error, **Python** will also complain if you run it without passing the required parameter.
+
+When you don't use `Annotated` and instead use the **(old) default value style**, if you call that function without FastAPI in **other place**, you have to **remember** to pass the arguments to the function for it to work correctly, otherwise the values will be different from what you expect (e.g. `QueryInfo` or something similar instead of `str`). And your editor won't complain, and Python won't complain running that function, only when the operations inside error out.
+
+Because `Annotated` can have more than one metadata annotation, you could now even use the same function with other tools, like <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Typer</a>. 🚀
+
 ## Add more validations
 
 You can also add a parameter `min_length`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Add regular expressions
 
 You can define a <abbr title="A regular expression, regex or regexp is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern for strings.">regular expression</abbr> that the parameter should match:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="11"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 This specific regular expression checks that the received parameter value:
 
 * `^`: starts with the following characters, doesn't have characters before.
@@ -156,16 +320,33 @@ But whenever you need them and go and learn them, know that you can already use
 
 ## Default values
 
-The same way that you can pass `None` as the value for the `default` parameter, you can pass other values.
+You can, of course, use default values other than `None`.
 
 Let's say that you want to declare the `q` query parameter to have a `min_length` of `3`, and to have a default value of `"fixedquery"`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! note
-    Having a default value also makes the parameter optional.
+    Having a default value of any type, including `None`, makes the parameter optional (not required).
 
 ## Make it required
 
@@ -183,23 +364,70 @@ q: Union[str, None] = None
 
 But we are now declaring it with `Query`, for example like:
 
-```Python
-q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
-```
+=== "Annotated"
+
+    ```Python
+    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = None
+    ```
+
+=== "non-Annotated"
+
+    ```Python
+    q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
+    ```
 
 So, when you need to declare a value as required while using `Query`, you can simply not declare a default value:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
+
+    !!! tip
+        Notice that, even though in this case the `Query()` is used as the function parameter default value, we don't pass the `default=None` to `Query()`.
+
+        Still, probably better to use the `Annotated` version. 😉
 
 ### Required with Ellipsis (`...`)
 
-There's an alternative way to explicitly declare that a value is required. You can set the `default` parameter to the literal value `...`:
+There's an alternative way to explicitly declare that a value is required. You can set the default to the literal value `...`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! info
     If you hadn't seen that `...` before: it is a special single value, it is <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis" class="external-link" target="_blank">part of Python and is called "Ellipsis"</a>.
@@ -212,20 +440,44 @@ This will let **FastAPI** know that this parameter is required.
 
 You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.
 
-To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `default=...`:
+To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `...` as the default:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="8"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! tip
     Pydantic, which is what powers all the data validation and serialization in FastAPI, has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.
 
@@ -233,12 +485,29 @@ To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `default=.
 
 If you feel uncomfortable using `...`, you can also import and use `Required` from Pydantic:
 
-```Python hl_lines="2  8"
-{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="2  8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! tip
-    Remember that in most of the cases, when something is required, you can simply omit the `default` parameter, so you normally don't have to use `...` nor `Required`.
+    Remember that in most of the cases, when something is required, you can simply omit the default, so you normally don't have to use `...` nor `Required`.
 
 ## Query parameter list / multiple values
 
@@ -246,22 +515,49 @@ When you define a query parameter explicitly with `Query` you can also declare i
 
 For example, to declare a query parameter `q` that can appear multiple times in the URL, you can write:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="7"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py!}
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!}
     ```
 
 Then, with a URL like:
@@ -294,18 +590,36 @@ The interactive API docs will update accordingly, to allow multiple values:
 
 And you can also define a default `list` of values if none are provided:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!}
+    ```
+
 If you go to:
 
 ```
@@ -327,9 +641,26 @@ the default of `q` will be: `["foo", "bar"]` and your response will be:
 
 You can also use `list` directly instead of `List[str]` (or `list[str]` in Python 3.9+):
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! note
     Have in mind that in this case, FastAPI won't check the contents of the list.
@@ -349,32 +680,80 @@ That information will be included in the generated OpenAPI and used by the docum
 
 You can add a `title`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-And a `description`:
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="13"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+And a `description`:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="12"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Alias parameters
 
 Imagine that you want the parameter to be `item-query`.
@@ -393,18 +772,42 @@ But you still need it to be exactly `item-query`...
 
 Then you can declare an `alias`, and that alias is what will be used to find the parameter value:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Deprecating parameters
 
 Now let's say you don't like this parameter anymore.
@@ -413,18 +816,42 @@ You have to leave it there a while because there are clients using it, but you w
 
 Then pass the parameter `deprecated=True` to `Query`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!}
+    ```
+
 The docs will show it like this:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image01.png">
@@ -433,18 +860,42 @@ The docs will show it like this:
 
 To exclude a query parameter from the generated OpenAPI schema (and thus, from the automatic documentation systems), set the parameter `include_in_schema` of `Query` to `False`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap
 
 You can declare additional validations and metadata for your parameters.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params.md

@@ -63,18 +63,18 @@ The parameter values in your function will be:
 
 The same way, you can declare optional query parameters, by setting their default to `None`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this case, the function parameter `q` will be optional, and will be `None` by default.
 
 !!! check
@@ -84,18 +84,18 @@ In this case, the function parameter `q` will be optional, and will be `None` by
 
 You can also declare `bool` types, and they will be converted:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this case, if you go to:
 
 ```
@@ -137,18 +137,18 @@ And you don't have to declare them in any specific order.
 
 They will be detected by name:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="8  10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6  8"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Required query parameters
 
 When you declare a default value for non-path parameters (for now, we have only seen query parameters), then it is not required.
@@ -203,18 +203,18 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy
 
 And of course, you can define some parameters as required, some as having a default value, and some entirely optional:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="10"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
+
 In this case, there are 3 query parameters:
 
 * `needy`, a required `str`.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md

@@ -13,17 +13,51 @@ You can define files to be uploaded by the client using `File`.
 
 Import `File` and `UploadFile` from `fastapi`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="1"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Define `File` Parameters
 
 Create file parameters the same way you would for `Body` or `Form`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! info
     `File` is a class that inherits directly from `Form`.
@@ -45,9 +79,26 @@ But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.
 
 Define a file parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="12"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:
 
@@ -118,25 +169,66 @@ The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses
 
 You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a default value of `None`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10  18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9  17"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="7  14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!}
-    ```
-
 ## `UploadFile` with Additional Metadata
 
 You can also use `File()` with `UploadFile`, for example, to set additional metadata:
 
-```Python hl_lines="13"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8  14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Multiple File Uploads
 
@@ -146,18 +238,36 @@ They would be associated to the same "form field" sent using "form data".
 
 To use that, declare a list of `bytes` or `UploadFile`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="10  15"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11  16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="8  13"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10  15"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 You will receive, as declared, a `list` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`s.
 
 !!! note "Technical Details"
@@ -169,18 +279,36 @@ You will receive, as declared, a `list` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`s.
 
 And the same way as before, you can use `File()` to set additional parameters, even for `UploadFile`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="11  18-20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    ```Python hl_lines="12  19-21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11  18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap
 
 Use `File`, `bytes`, and `UploadFile` to declare files to be uploaded in the request, sent as form data.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md

@@ -9,17 +9,51 @@ You can define files and form fields at the same time using `File` and `Form`.
 
 ## Import `File` and `Form`
 
-```Python hl_lines="1"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Define `File` and `Form` parameters
 
 Create file and form parameters the same way you would for `Body` or `Query`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="8"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10-12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 The files and form fields will be uploaded as form data and you will receive the files and form fields.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md

@@ -11,23 +11,57 @@ When you need to receive form fields instead of JSON, you can use `Form`.
 
 Import `Form` from `fastapi`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="1"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="1"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 ## Define `Form` parameters
 
 Create form parameters the same way you would for `Body` or `Query`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 For example, in one of the ways the OAuth2 specification can be used (called "password flow") it is required to send a `username` and `password` as form fields.
 
 The <abbr title="specification">spec</abbr> requires the fields to be exactly named `username` and `password`, and to be sent as form fields, not JSON.
 
-With `Form` you can declare the same metadata and validation as with `Body` (and `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`).
+With `Form` you can declare the same configurations as with `Body` (and `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`), including validation, examples, an alias (e.g. `user-name` instead of `username`), etc.
 
 !!! info
     `Form` is a class that inherits directly from `Body`.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@@ -1,6 +1,51 @@
-# Response Model
+# Response Model - Return Type
 
-You can declare the model used for the response with the parameter `response_model` in any of the *path operations*:
+You can declare the type used for the response by annotating the *path operation function* **return type**.
+
+You can use **type annotations** the same way you would for input data in function **parameters**, you can use Pydantic models, lists, dictionaries, scalar values like integers, booleans, etc.
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py!}
+    ```
+
+FastAPI will use this return type to:
+
+* **Validate** the returned data.
+    * If the data is invalid (e.g. you are missing a field), it means that *your* app code is broken, not returning what it should, and it will return a server error instead of returning incorrect data. This way you and your clients can be certain that they will receive the data and the data shape expected.
+* Add a **JSON Schema** for the response, in the OpenAPI *path operation*.
+    * This will be used by the **automatic docs**.
+    * It will also be used by automatic client code generation tools.
+
+But most importantly:
+
+* It will **limit and filter** the output data to what is defined in the return type.
+    * This is particularly important for **security**, we'll see more of that below.
+
+## `response_model` Parameter
+
+There are some cases where you need or want to return some data that is not exactly what the type declares.
+
+For example, you could want to **return a dictionary** or a database object, but **declare it as a Pydantic model**. This way the Pydantic model would do all the data documentation, validation, etc. for the object that you returned (e.g. a dictionary or database object).
+
+If you added the return type annotation, tools and editors would complain with a (correct) error telling you that your function is returning a type (e.g. a dict) that is different from what you declared (e.g. a Pydantic model).
+
+In those cases, you can use the *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model` instead of the return type.
+
+You can use the `response_model` parameter in any of the *path operations*:
 
 * `@app.get()`
 * `@app.post()`
@@ -8,59 +53,60 @@ You can declare the model used for the response with the parameter `response_mod
 * `@app.delete()`
 * etc.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  24-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  24-27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  24-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! note
     Notice that `response_model` is a parameter of the "decorator" method (`get`, `post`, etc). Not of your *path operation function*, like all the parameters and body.
 
-It receives the same type you would declare for a Pydantic model attribute, so, it can be a Pydantic model, but it can also be, e.g. a `list` of Pydantic models, like `List[Item]`.
+`response_model` receives the same type you would declare for a Pydantic model field, so, it can be a Pydantic model, but it can also be, e.g. a `list` of Pydantic models, like `List[Item]`.
 
-FastAPI will use this `response_model` to:
+FastAPI will use this `response_model` to do all the data documentation, validation, etc. and also to **convert and filter the output data** to its type declaration.
 
-* Convert the output data to its type declaration.
-* Validate the data.
-* Add a JSON Schema for the response, in the OpenAPI *path operation*.
-* Will be used by the automatic documentation systems.
+!!! tip
+    If you have strict type checks in your editor, mypy, etc, you can declare the function return type as `Any`.
 
-But most importantly:
+    That way you tell the editor that you are intentionally returning anything. But FastAPI will still do the data documentation, validation, filtering, etc. with the `response_model`.
 
-* Will limit the output data to that of the model. We'll see how that's important below.
+### `response_model` Priority
 
-!!! note "Technical Details"
-    The response model is declared in this parameter instead of as a function return type annotation, because the path function may not actually return that response model but rather return a `dict`, database object or some other model, and then use the `response_model` to perform the field limiting and serialization.
+If you declare both a return type and a `response_model`, the `response_model` will take priority and be used by FastAPI.
+
+This way you can add correct type annotations to your functions even when you are returning a type different than the response model, to be used by the editor and tools like mypy. And still you can have FastAPI do the data validation, documentation, etc. using the `response_model`.
+
+You can also use `response_model=None` to disable creating a response model for that *path operation*, you might need to do it if you are adding type annotations for things that are not valid Pydantic fields, you will see an example of that in one of the sections below.
 
 ## Return the same input data
 
 Here we are declaring a `UserIn` model, it will contain a plaintext password:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9  11"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7  9"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! info
     To use `EmailStr`, first install <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email_validator`</a>.
 
@@ -69,72 +115,126 @@ Here we are declaring a `UserIn` model, it will contain a plaintext password:
 
 And we are using this model to declare our input and the same model to declare our output:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17-18"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15-16"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 Now, whenever a browser is creating a user with a password, the API will return the same password in the response.
 
-In this case, it might not be a problem, because the user themself is sending the password.
+In this case, it might not be a problem, because it's the same user sending the password.
 
 But if we use the same model for another *path operation*, we could be sending our user's passwords to every client.
 
 !!! danger
-    Never store the plain password of a user or send it in a response.
+    Never store the plain password of a user or send it in a response like this, unless you know all the caveats and you know what you are doing.
 
 ## Add an output model
 
 We can instead create an input model with the plaintext password and an output model without it:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  11  16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9  11  16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+Here, even though our *path operation function* is returning the same input user that contains the password:
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="7  9  14"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="24"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-Here, even though our *path operation function* is returning the same input user that contains the password:
-
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="24"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+...we declared the `response_model` to be our model `UserOut`, that doesn't include the password:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="22"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-...we declared the `response_model` to be our model `UserOut`, that doesn't include the password:
-
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="22"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+So, **FastAPI** will take care of filtering out all the data that is not declared in the output model (using Pydantic).
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="20"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+### `response_model` or Return Type
+
+In this case, because the two models are different, if we annotated the function return type as `UserOut`, the editor and tools would complain that we are returning an invalid type, as those are different classes.
+
+That's why in this example we have to declare it in the `response_model` parameter.
+
+...but continue reading below to see how to overcome that.
+
+## Return Type and Data Filtering
+
+Let's continue from the previous example. We wanted to **annotate the function with one type** but return something that includes **more data**.
+
+We want FastAPI to keep **filtering** the data using the response model.
+
+In the previous example, because the classes were different, we had to use the `response_model` parameter. But that also means that we don't get the support from the editor and tools checking the function return type.
+
+But in most of the cases where we need to do something like this, we want the model just to **filter/remove** some of the data as in this example.
+
+And in those cases, we can use classes and inheritance to take advantage of function **type annotations** to get better support in the editor and tools, and still get the FastAPI **data filtering**.
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7-10  13-14  18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-So, **FastAPI** will take care of filtering out all the data that is not declared in the output model (using Pydantic).
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-13  15-16  20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py!}
+    ```
+
+With this, we get tooling support, from editors and mypy as this code is correct in terms of types, but we also get the data filtering from FastAPI.
+
+How does this work? Let's check that out. 🤓
+
+### Type Annotations and Tooling
+
+First let's see how editors, mypy and other tools would see this.
+
+`BaseUser` has the base fields. Then `UserIn` inherits from `BaseUser` and adds the `password` field, so, it will include all the fields from both models.
+
+We annotate the function return type as `BaseUser`, but we are actually returning a `UserIn` instance.
+
+The editor, mypy, and other tools won't complain about this because, in typing terms, `UserIn` is a subclass of `BaseUser`, which means it's a *valid* type when what is expected is anything that is a `BaseUser`.
+
+### FastAPI Data Filtering
+
+Now, for FastAPI, it will see the return type and make sure that what you return includes **only** the fields that are declared in the type.
+
+FastAPI does several things internally with Pydantic to make sure that those same rules of class inheritance are not used for the returned data filtering, otherwise you could end up returning much more data than what you expected.
+
+This way, you can get the best of both worlds: type annotations with **tooling support** and **data filtering**.
 
 ## See it in the docs
 
@@ -146,29 +246,97 @@ And both models will be used for the interactive API documentation:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">
 
+## Other Return Type Annotations
+
+There might be cases where you return something that is not a valid Pydantic field and you annotate it in the function, only to get the support provided by tooling (the editor, mypy, etc).
+
+### Return a Response Directly
+
+The most common case would be [returning a Response directly as explained later in the advanced docs](../advanced/response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+```Python hl_lines="8  10-11"
+{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py!}
+```
+
+This simple case is handled automatically by FastAPI because the return type annotation is the class (or a subclass) of `Response`.
+
+And tools will also be happy because both `RedirectResponse` and `JSONResponse` are subclasses of `Response`, so the type annotation is correct.
+
+### Annotate a Response Subclass
+
+You can also use a subclass of `Response` in the type annotation:
+
+```Python hl_lines="8-9"
+{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py!}
+```
+
+This will also work because `RedirectResponse` is a subclass of `Response`, and FastAPI will automatically handle this simple case.
+
+### Invalid Return Type Annotations
+
+But when you return some other arbitrary object that is not a valid Pydantic type (e.g. a database object) and you annotate it like that in the function, FastAPI will try to create a Pydantic response model from that type annotation, and will fail.
+
+The same would happen if you had something like a <abbr title='A union between multiple types means "any of these types".'>union</abbr> between different types where one or more of them are not valid Pydantic types, for example this would fail 💥:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py!}
+    ```
+
+...this fails because the type annotation is not a Pydantic type and is not just a single `Response` class or subclass, it's a union (any of the two) between a `Response` and a `dict`.
+
+### Disable Response Model
+
+Continuing from the example above, you might not want to have the default data validation, documentation, filtering, etc. that is performed by FastAPI.
+
+But you might want to still keep the return type annotation in the function to get the support from tools like editors and type checkers (e.g. mypy).
+
+In this case, you can disable the response model generation by setting `response_model=None`:
+
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py!}
+    ```
+
+This will make FastAPI skip the response model generation and that way you can have any return type annotations you need without it affecting your FastAPI application. 🤓
+
 ## Response Model encoding parameters
 
 Your response model could have default values, like:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="9  11-12"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-* `description: Union[str, None] = None` has a default of `None`.
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
+* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (or `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) has a default of `None`.
 * `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
 * `tags: List[str] = []` as a default of an empty list: `[]`.
 
@@ -180,22 +348,22 @@ For example, if you have models with many optional attributes in a NoSQL databas
 
 You can set the *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model_exclude_unset=True`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="24"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="24"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="22"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="24"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
     ```
 
 and those default values won't be included in the response, only the values actually set.
@@ -273,18 +441,18 @@ This can be used as a quick shortcut if you have only one Pydantic model and wan
 
     This also applies to `response_model_by_alias` that works similarly.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="31  37"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="29  35"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="31  37"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! tip
     The syntax `{"name", "description"}` creates a `set` with those two values.
 
@@ -294,18 +462,18 @@ This can be used as a quick shortcut if you have only one Pydantic model and wan
 
 If you forget to use a `set` and use a `list` or `tuple` instead, FastAPI will still convert it to a `set` and it will work correctly:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="31  37"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="29  35"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="31  37"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap
 
 Use the *path operation decorator's* parameter `response_model` to define response models and especially to ensure private data is filtered out.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ Here are several ways to do it.
 
 You can declare an `example` for a Pydantic model using `Config` and `schema_extra`, as described in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/schema/#schema-customization" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's docs: Schema customization</a>:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="15-23"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="13-21"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15-23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 That extra info will be added as-is to the output **JSON Schema** for that model, and it will be used in the API docs.
 
 !!! tip
@@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ When using `Field()` with Pydantic models, you can also declare extra info for t
 
 You can use this to add `example` for each field:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="4  10-13"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="2  8-11"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  10-13"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! warning
     Keep in mind that those extra arguments passed won't add any validation, only extra information, for documentation purposes.
 
@@ -66,18 +66,39 @@ you can also declare a data `example` or a group of `examples` with additional i
 
 Here we pass an `example` of the data expected in `Body()`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="20-25"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="22-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="22-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23-28"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="18-23"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20-25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Example in the docs UI
 
 With any of the methods above it would look like this in the `/docs`:
@@ -97,18 +118,39 @@ Each specific example `dict` in the `examples` can contain:
 * `value`: This is the actual example shown, e.g. a `dict`.
 * `externalValue`: alternative to `value`, a URL pointing to the example. Although this might not be supported by as many tools as `value`.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="21-47"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="23-49"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23-49"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="24-50"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19-45"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="21-47"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Examples in the docs UI
 
 With `examples` added to `Body()` the `/docs` would look like:

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md

@@ -20,9 +20,27 @@ Let's first just use the code and see how it works, and then we'll come back to
 
 Copy the example in a file `main.py`:
 
-```Python
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
 
 ## Run it
 
@@ -116,9 +134,26 @@ In this example we are going to use **OAuth2**, with the **Password** flow, usin
 
 When we create an instance of the `OAuth2PasswordBearer` class we pass in the `tokenUrl` parameter. This parameter contains the URL that the client (the frontend running in the user's browser) will use to send the `username` and `password` in order to get a token.
 
-```Python hl_lines="6"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python  hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 !!! tip
     Here `tokenUrl="token"` refers to a relative URL `token` that we haven't created yet. As it's a relative URL, it's equivalent to `./token`.
@@ -150,9 +185,26 @@ So, it can be used with `Depends`.
 
 Now you can pass that `oauth2_scheme` in a dependency with `Depends`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="10"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python  hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 This dependency will provide a `str` that is assigned to the parameter `token` of the *path operation function*.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md

@@ -2,9 +2,26 @@
 
 In the previous chapter the security system (which is based on the dependency injection system) was giving the *path operation function* a `token` as a `str`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="10"
-{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
-```
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="12"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="11"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
 
 But that is still not that useful.
 
@@ -16,18 +33,42 @@ First, let's create a Pydantic user model.
 
 The same way we use Pydantic to declare bodies, we can use it anywhere else:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="5  12-16"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  12-16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  13-17"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="3  10-14"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  12-16"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Create a `get_current_user` dependency
 
 Let's create a dependency `get_current_user`.
@@ -38,50 +79,122 @@ Remember that dependencies can have sub-dependencies?
 
 The same as we were doing before in the *path operation* directly, our new dependency `get_current_user` will receive a `token` as a `str` from the sub-dependency `oauth2_scheme`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="25"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="26"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="23"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="25"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Get the user
 
 `get_current_user` will use a (fake) utility function we created, that takes a token as a `str` and returns our Pydantic `User` model:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="19-22  26-27"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19-22  26-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="20-23  27-28"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="17-20  24-25"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="19-22  26-27"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Inject the current user
 
 So now we can use the same `Depends` with our `get_current_user` in the *path operation*:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="31"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="31"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="29"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="31"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 Notice that we declare the type of `current_user` as the Pydantic model `User`.
 
 This will help us inside of the function with all the completion and type checks.
@@ -128,18 +241,42 @@ And all of them (or any portion of them that you want) can take the advantage of
 
 And all these thousands of *path operations* can be as small as 3 lines:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="30-32"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="30-32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="31-33"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="28-30"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="30-32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Recap
 
 You can now get the current user directly in your *path operation function*.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

@@ -109,18 +109,42 @@ And another utility to verify if a received password matches the hash stored.
 
 And another one to authenticate and return a user.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7  48  55-56  59-60  69-75"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  48  55-56  59-60  69-75"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  49  56-57  60-61  70-76"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6  47  54-55  58-59  68-74"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7  48  55-56  59-60  69-75"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! note
     If you check the new (fake) database `fake_users_db`, you will see how the hashed password looks like now: `"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`.
 
@@ -152,18 +176,42 @@ Define a Pydantic Model that will be used in the token endpoint for the response
 
 Create a utility function to generate a new access token.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="6  12-14  28-30  78-86"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  12-14  28-30  78-86"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  13-15  29-31 79-87"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="5  11-13  27-29  77-85"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="6  12-14  28-30  78-86"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Update the dependencies
 
 Update `get_current_user` to receive the same token as before, but this time, using JWT tokens.
@@ -172,36 +220,84 @@ Decode the received token, verify it, and return the current user.
 
 If the token is invalid, return an HTTP error right away.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="89-106"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="89-106"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="90-107"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="88-105"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="89-106"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Update the `/token` *path operation*
 
 Create a `timedelta` with the expiration time of the token.
 
-Create a real JWT access token and return it.
+Create a real JWT access token and return it
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="115-128"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="117-132"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="117-132"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="118-133"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="114-127"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="115-128"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Technical details about the JWT "subject" `sub`
 
 The JWT specification says that there's a key `sub`, with the subject of the token.
@@ -257,7 +353,7 @@ Call the endpoint `/users/me/`, you will get the response as:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/security/image09.png">
 
-If you open the developer tools, you could see how the data sent and only includes the token, the password is only sent in the first request to authenticate the user and get that access token, but not afterwards:
+If you open the developer tools, you could see how the data sent only includes the token, the password is only sent in the first request to authenticate the user and get that access token, but not afterwards:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md

@@ -49,18 +49,42 @@ Now let's use the utilities provided by **FastAPI** to handle this.
 
 First, import `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`, and use it as a dependency with `Depends` in the *path operation* for `/token`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="4  76"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  78"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  78"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  79"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="2  74"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  76"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` is a class dependency that declares a form body with:
 
 * The `username`.
@@ -98,18 +122,42 @@ If there is no such user, we return an error saying "incorrect username or passw
 
 For the error, we use the exception `HTTPException`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="3  77-79"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  79-81"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  79-81"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  80-82"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="1  75-77"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  77-79"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Check the password
 
 At this point we have the user data from our database, but we haven't checked the password.
@@ -134,18 +182,42 @@ If your database is stolen, the thief won't have your users' plaintext passwords
 
 So, the thief won't be able to try to use those same passwords in another system (as many users use the same password everywhere, this would be dangerous).
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="80-83"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="82-85"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="82-85"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="83-86"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="78-81"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="80-83"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 #### About `**user_dict`
 
 `UserInDB(**user_dict)` means:
@@ -180,18 +252,42 @@ For this simple example, we are going to just be completely insecure and return
 
     But for now, let's focus on the specific details we need.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="85"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="87"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="87"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="88"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="83"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="85"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! tip
     By the spec, you should return a JSON with an `access_token` and a `token_type`, the same as in this example.
 
@@ -213,18 +309,42 @@ Both of these dependencies will just return an HTTP error if the user doesn't ex
 
 So, in our endpoint, we will only get a user if the user exists, was correctly authenticated, and is active:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="58-66  69-74  94"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="58-66  69-74  94"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="59-67  70-75  95"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="56-64  67-70  88"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python hl_lines="58-66  69-72  90"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="55-64  67-70  88"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
-    ```
-
 !!! info
     The additional header `WWW-Authenticate` with value `Bearer` we are returning here is also part of the spec.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md

@@ -262,22 +262,22 @@ So, the user will also have a `password` when creating it.
 
 But for security, the `password` won't be in other Pydantic *models*, for example, it won't be sent from the API when reading a user.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="3  6-8  11-12  23-24  27-28"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="1  4-6  9-10  21-22  25-26"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="3  6-8  11-12  23-24  27-28"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="1  4-6  9-10  21-22  25-26"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="3  6-8  11-12  23-24  27-28"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
 #### SQLAlchemy style and Pydantic style
@@ -306,22 +306,22 @@ The same way, when reading a user, we can now declare that `items` will contain
 
 Not only the IDs of those items, but all the data that we defined in the Pydantic *model* for reading items: `Item`.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15-17  31-34"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="13-15  29-32"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="15-17  31-34"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="13-15  29-32"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="15-17  31-34"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! tip
@@ -335,22 +335,22 @@ This <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/model_config/" class="ex
 
 In the `Config` class, set the attribute `orm_mode = True`.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15  19-20  31  36-37"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="13  17-18  29  34-35"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="15  19-20  31  36-37"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="13  17-18  29  34-35"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
+    ```Python hl_lines="15  19-20  31  36-37"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! tip
@@ -481,18 +481,18 @@ And now in the file `sql_app/main.py` let's integrate and use all the other part
 
 In a very simplistic way create the database tables:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="9"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="7"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
+    ```
+
 #### Alembic Note
 
 Normally you would probably initialize your database (create tables, etc) with <a href="https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Alembic</a>.
@@ -515,18 +515,18 @@ For that, we will create a new dependency with `yield`, as explained before in t
 
 Our dependency will create a new SQLAlchemy `SessionLocal` that will be used in a single request, and then close it once the request is finished.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="15-20"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="13-18"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="15-20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! info
     We put the creation of the `SessionLocal()` and handling of the requests in a `try` block.
 
@@ -540,18 +540,18 @@ And then, when using the dependency in a *path operation function*, we declare i
 
 This will then give us better editor support inside the *path operation function*, because the editor will know that the `db` parameter is of type `Session`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="24  32  38  47  53"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="22  30  36  45  51"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="24  32  38  47  53"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! info "Technical Details"
     The parameter `db` is actually of type `SessionLocal`, but this class (created with `sessionmaker()`) is a "proxy" of a SQLAlchemy `Session`, so, the editor doesn't really know what methods are provided.
 
@@ -561,18 +561,18 @@ This will then give us better editor support inside the *path operation function
 
 Now, finally, here's the standard **FastAPI** *path operations* code.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="23-28  31-34  37-42  45-49  52-55"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="21-26  29-32  35-40  43-47  50-53"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="23-28  31-34  37-42  45-49  52-55"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
+    ```
+
 We are creating the database session before each request in the dependency with `yield`, and then closing it afterwards.
 
 And then we can create the required dependency in the *path operation function*, to get that session directly.
@@ -654,22 +654,22 @@ For example, in a background task worker with <a href="https://docs.celeryq.dev"
 
 * `sql_app/schemas.py`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.6+"
 
     ```Python
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!}
     ```
 
 * `sql_app/crud.py`:
@@ -680,18 +680,18 @@ For example, in a background task worker with <a href="https://docs.celeryq.dev"
 
 * `sql_app/main.py`:
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!}
+    ```
+
 ## Check it
 
 You can copy this code and use it as is.
@@ -739,18 +739,18 @@ A "middleware" is basically a function that is always executed for each request,
 
 The middleware we'll add (just a function) will create a new SQLAlchemy `SessionLocal` for each request, add it to the request and then close it once the request is finished.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
-
-    ```Python hl_lines="14-22"
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/alt_main.py!}
-    ```
-
-=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
 
     ```Python hl_lines="12-20"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="14-22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/alt_main.py!}
+    ```
+
 !!! info
     We put the creation of the `SessionLocal()` and handling of the requests in a `try` block.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 
 Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.
 
-It is based on <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
+It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
 
 With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directly with **FastAPI**.
 
 ## Using `TestClient`
 
 !!! info
-    To use `TestClient`, first install <a href="https://github.com/psf/requests" class="external-link" target="_blank">`requests`</a>.
+    To use `TestClient`, first install <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">`httpx`</a>.
 
-    E.g. `pip install requests`.
+    E.g. `pip install httpx`.
 
 Import `TestClient`.
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Create a `TestClient` by passing your **FastAPI** application to it.
 
 Create functions with a name that starts with `test_` (this is standard `pytest` conventions).
 
-Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `requests`.
+Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.
 
 Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).
 
@@ -50,7 +50,17 @@ And your **FastAPI** application might also be composed of several files/modules
 
 ### **FastAPI** app file
 
-Let's say you have a file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app:
+Let's say you have a file structure as described in [Bigger Applications](./bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   └── main.py
+```
+
+In the file `main.py` you have your **FastAPI** app:
+
 
 ```Python
 {!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main.py!}
@@ -58,18 +68,40 @@ Let's say you have a file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app:
 
 ### Testing file
 
-Then you could have a file `test_main.py` with your tests, and import your `app` from the `main` module (`main.py`):
+Then you could have a file `test_main.py` with your tests. It could live on the same Python package (the same directory with a `__init__.py` file):
 
-```Python
+``` hl_lines="5"
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py
+│   └── test_main.py
+```
+
+Because this file is in the same package, you can use relative imports to import the object `app` from the `main` module (`main.py`):
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
 {!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py!}
 ```
 
+...and have the code for the tests just like before.
+
 ## Testing: extended example
 
 Now let's extend this example and add more details to see how to test different parts.
 
 ### Extended **FastAPI** app file
 
+Let's continue with the same file structure as before:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py
+│   └── test_main.py
+```
+
 Let's say that now the file `main.py` with your **FastAPI** app has some other **path operations**.
 
 It has a `GET` operation that could return an error.
@@ -78,18 +110,42 @@ It has a `POST` operation that could return several errors.
 
 Both *path operations* require an `X-Token` header.
 
-=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+=== "Python 3.10+"
 
     ```Python
-    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!}
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!}
     ```
 
-=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+=== "Python 3.9+"
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.6+"
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
     ```Python
     {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py!}
     ```
 
+=== "Python 3.6+ non-Annotated"
+
+    !!! tip
+        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+
+    ```Python
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!}
+    ```
+
 ### Extended testing file
 
 You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:
@@ -98,7 +154,7 @@ You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:
 {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
 ```
 
-Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `requests`.
+Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `httpx`, or even how to do it with `requests`, as HTTPX's design is based on Requests' design.
 
 Then you just do the same in your tests.
 
@@ -110,7 +166,7 @@ E.g.:
 * To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter.
 * For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter.
 
-For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `requests` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests documentation</a>.
+For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `httpx` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX documentation</a>.
 
 !!! info
     Note that the `TestClient` receives data that can be converted to JSON, not Pydantic models.

docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -218,6 +220,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -238,6 +242,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/en/overrides/main.html

@@ -22,12 +22,6 @@
     </div>
   </div>
   <div id="announce-right" style="position: relative;">
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="Get three courses at 10% off their current prices! Plus, we'll be donating 10% of all profits from sales of this bundle to the FastAPI team." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://testdriven.io/talkpython/" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/fastapi-course-bundle-banner.png" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
     <div class="item">
       <a title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3AcNTYL" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
@@ -40,18 +34,6 @@
         <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/cryptapi-banner.svg" />
       </a>
     </div>
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://app.imgwhale.xyz/" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/imgwhale-banner.svg" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/doist-banner.svg" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
     <div class="item">
       <a title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3dphxRq" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>

docs/es/docs/features.md

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Con **FastAPI** obtienes todas las características de **Starlette** (porque Fas
 * Soporte para **GraphQL**.
 * <abbr title="En español: tareas que se ejecutan en el fondo, sin frenar requests, en el mismo proceso. En ingles: In-process background tasks">Tareas en background</abbr>.
 * Eventos de startup y shutdown.
-* Cliente de pruebas construido con `requests`.
+* Cliente de pruebas construido con HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * Soporte para **Session and Cookie**.
 * Cobertura de pruebas al 100%.

docs/es/docs/index.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Si estás construyendo un app de <abbr title="Interfaz de línea de comandos en
 
 ## Requisitos
 
-Python 3.6+
+Python 3.7+
 
 FastAPI está sobre los hombros de gigantes:
 
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ Para un ejemplo más completo que incluye más características ve el <a href="h
 * Muchas características extra (gracias a Starlette) como:
     * **WebSockets**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * pruebas extremadamente fáciles con `requests` y `pytest`
+    * pruebas extremadamente fáciles con HTTPX y `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...y mucho más.
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ Usadas por Pydantic:
 
 Usados por Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a  <abbr title="convertir el string que viene de un HTTP request a datos de Python">"parsing"</abbr> de formularios, con `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`.

docs/es/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -121,6 +123,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -141,6 +145,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/fa/docs/index.md

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ item: Item
 * قابلیت‌های اضافی دیگر (بر اساس Starlette) شامل:
     * **<abbr title="WebSocket">وب‌سوکت</abbr>**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * تست‌های خودکار آسان مبتنی بر `requests` و `pytest`
+    * تست‌های خودکار آسان مبتنی بر HTTPX و `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * و موارد بیشمار دیگر.
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ item: Item
 
 استفاده شده توسط Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `TestClient` استفاده کنید.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `TestClient` استفاده کنید.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `FileResponse` و `StaticFiles` استفاده کنید.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید از پیکربندی پیش‌فرض برای قالب‌ها استفاده کنید.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید با استفاده از `request.form()` از قابلیت <abbr title="تبدیل رشته متنی موجود در درخواست HTTP به انواع داده پایتون">"تجزیه (parse)"</abbr> فرم استفاده کنید.

docs/fa/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/